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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2
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| Identifiers | ||
| Symbol(s) | GNRH2; GnRH-II; LH-RHII | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 602352 | |
| RNA expression pattern | ||
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| Orthologs | ||
| Human | Mouse | |
| Entrez | 2797 | n/a |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000125787 | n/a |
| Uniprot | O43555 | n/a |
| Refseq | NM_001501 (mRNA) NP_001492 (protein) |
n/a (mRNA) n/a (protein) |
| Location | Chr 20: 2.97 - 2.97 Mb | n/a |
| Pubmed search | [1] | n/a |
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2, also known as GNRH2, is a human gene. The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences Ensembl is a joint scientific project between the European Bioinformatics Institute and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, which was launched in 1999 in response to the imminent UniProt is the uni versal prot ein resource a central repository of Protein data created by combining Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL PubMed is a free search engine for accessing the MEDLINE database of citations and abstracts of biomedical research articles History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance [1]
The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone. The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene. [1]
References
Further reading
- Neill JD (2002). "GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome. ". Endocrinology 143 (3): 737–43. PMID 11861490.
- Leung PC, Cheng CK, Zhu XM (2004). "Multi-factorial role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in the human ovary. ". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 202 (1-2): 145–53. PMID 12770744.
- Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M (2004). "The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans. ". Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 24 (4): 279–95. PMID 14726258.
- Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A (1992). "Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus. ". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74 (1): 135–8. PMID 1727812.
- White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD (1998). "Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans. ". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95 (1): 305–9. PMID 9419371.
- Chen A, Laskar-Levy O, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y (2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the human GnRH II gene is mediated by a putative cAMP response element. ". Endocrinology 142 (8): 3483–92. PMID 11459794.
- Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. ". Nature 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 11780052.
- Gründker C, Günthert AR, Millar RP, Emons G (2002). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation. ". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (3): 1427–30. PMID 11889221.
- Chen A, Zi K, Laskar-Levy O, Koch Y (2002). "The transcription of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II genes in human neuronal cells is differentially regulated by estrogen. ". J. Mol. Neurosci. 18 (1-2): 67–76. PMID 11931351.
- Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, et al. (2003). "The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs. ". Nat. Med. 8 (12): 1421–6. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 12447356.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. ". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 12477932.
- Cheng CK, Hoo RL, Chow BK, Leung PC (2004). "Functional cooperation between multiple regulatory elements in the untranslated exon 1 stimulates the basal transcription of the human GnRH-II gene. ". Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (7): 1175–91. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 12663744.
- Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D (2004). "Possible interactions between leptin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and II) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). ". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 110 (2): 169–75. PMID 12969578.
- Chou CS, Beristain AG, MacCalman CD, Leung PC (2004). "Cellular localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II in first-trimester human placenta and decidua. ". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (3): 1459–66. PMID 15001648.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). ". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15489334.
- An BS, Choi JH, Choi KC, Leung PC (2005). "Differential role of progesterone receptor isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) receptor, GnRH I, and GnRH II. ". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (2): 1106–13. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15562029.
- Tanriverdi F, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Silveira LF, et al. (2005). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone type-I (GnRH-I) and type-II (GnRH-II) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and regulation of B-lymphoblastoid cell proliferation by GnRH-I and GnRH-II. ". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 112 (10): 587–94. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15578334.
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