Group of Eight Groupe des Huit Gruppe der Acht Gruppo di Otto 主要国首脳会議 Большая восьмёрка

Canada Prime Minister Stephen Harper  France President Nicolas Sarkozy  Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel  Italy Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi  Japan Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda President of the G8 for 2008  Russia President Dmitry Medvedev  United Kingdom Prime Minister Gordon Brown  United States President George W. Bush Also represented  European Union[1] President José Manuel Barroso President Janez Janša

The Group of Eight (G8), also known as Group of Seven and Russia,^[2] is an international forum for the governments of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. G8, G08, GVIII, G8 or G-8 or Group of Eight may be Group of Eight, an international forum for eight industrialized G7, GVII, G07 or G-7 or Group of Seven may be Group of Seven (G7, a group of seven industrialized nations of the world Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected Nicolas Sarkozy (pronounced, Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Italy, the Prime Minister of Italy (officially the President of the Council of Ministers, Italian Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the country's (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime was the 91st Prime Minister of Japan, serving from 2007 to 2008 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The President of Russia (Президент России or the President of the Russian Federation, Президент Российской Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev ( Dmitrij Anatol′evič Medvedev;; born 14 September 1965 is currently President of Russia, inaugurated on 7 May 2008 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union. José Manuel Durão Barroso (ʒuˈzɛ mɐnuˈɛɫ duˈɾɐ̃ũ bɐˈʁozu born 23 March 1956 is the 12th President of the European Commission. The European Council (referred to as a European Summit) is the highest political body of the European Union. Janez Janša (born 17 September 1958 as Ivan Janša in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian politician and president of the Slovenian Democratic Party since Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The G8 can refer to the member states or to the annual summit meeting of the G8 heads of government. A summit meeting (or summit) is a meeting of heads of state or government, usually with considerable media exposure tight security and a prearranged This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State G8 ministers also meet throughout the year, such as the G7/8 finance ministers (who meet four times a year), G8 foreign ministers or G8 environment ministers. The European Union is also represented at the meetings by the president of the European Commission and the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. Presidency of the Council of the European Union is the responsibility for the functioning of the Council of the European Union which is rotated between European Union

Each calendar year, the responsibility of hosting the G8 rotates through the member states in the following order: France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The holder of the presidency sets the agenda, hosts the summit for that year and determines which ministerial meetings will take place. The word presidency is often used to describe the administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office Lately, both France and the United Kingdom have expressed a desire to expand the group and include five developing countries, referred to as the Outreach Five (O5) or the Plus Five: Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa These countries have participated as guests in previous meetings, which are sometimes called G8+5. February 2007 Declaration Post-Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissionsOn February 16, 2007, at meeting of the G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue

History

The concept of a forum for the world's major industrialized democracies emerged following the 1973 oil crisis and subsequent global recession. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The 1973 oil crisis began on October 17 1973 when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC consisting of the Arab members of A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U In 1974 the United States created the Library Group, an informal gathering of senior financial officials from the United States, the United Kingdom, West Germany, Japan and France. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In 1975, French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing invited the heads of government from West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States to a summit in Rambouillet. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (born 2 February 1926 is a French centre - right politician who was President of the French This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Rambouillet is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. The six leaders agreed to an annual meeting organized under a rotating presidency, forming the Group of Six (G6). The following year, Canada joined the group at the behest of U.S. President Gerald Ford, and the group became known as the Group of Seven (G7). Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President The European Union is represented by the President of the European Commission and the leader of the country that holds the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union. Presidency of the Council of the European Union is the responsibility for the functioning of the Council of the European Union which is rotated between European Union The European Union has attended all meetings since it was first invited by the United Kingdom in 1977. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays ^[3]

The Cold War ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and Russia became the successor state. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Beginning with the 1994 Naples summit, Russian officials held a separate meeting with leaders of the G7 after the main summit. The 20th G7 Summit was held in Naples, Italy between July 8 to 10 1994 This group became known as the Political 8 (P8), or colloquially as the "G7 plus 1". At the initiative of United States President Bill Clinton, Russia formally joined the group in 1997, resulting in the Group of Eight (G8). William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States

Structure and activities

Leaders of the G8 on June 7, 2007, in Heiligendamm, Germany

The G8 is intended to be an informal forum, and it therefore lacks an administrative structure like those for international organizations, such as the United Nations or the World Bank. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The seaside resort Heiligendamm, situated on the Baltic Sea coast was founded in 1793. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e The group does not have a permanent secretariat, or offices for its members. The presidency of the group rotates annually among the member countries, with each new term beginning on January 1 of the year. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The country holding the presidency is responsible for planning and hosting a series of ministerial-level meetings, leading up to a mid-year summit attended by the heads of government.

The ministerial meetings bring together ministers responsible for various portfolios to discuss issues of mutual or global concern. The range of topics include health, law enforcement, labour, economic and social development, energy, environment, foreign affairs, justice and interior, terrorism and trade. There are also a separate set of meetings known as the "G8+5", created during the 2005 Gleneagles, Scotland summit, that is attended by finance and energy ministers from all eight member countries in addition to the five "Outreach Countries": Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa. February 2007 Declaration Post-Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissionsOn February 16, 2007, at meeting of the G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

In June 2005, justice ministers and interior ministers from the G8 countries agreed to launch an international database on pedophiles. The term pedophilia or paedophilia has a range of definitions as found in Psychology, law enforcement and the popular vernacular ^[4] The G8 officials also agreed to pool data on terrorism, subject to restrictions by privacy and security laws in individual countries. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion ^[5]

Annual summit

The annual G8 leaders summit is attended by eight of the world's most powerful heads of government. As such, it is an international event that is observed and reported by news media. The member country holding the G8 presidency is responsible for organising and hosting the year's summit, held for three days in mid-year.

	Date	Host country	Host leader	Location held	Website
1st	November 15–17, 1975	France	Valéry Giscard d'Estaing	Rambouillet
2nd	June 27–28, 1976	United States	Gerald R. Ford	San Juan, Puerto Rico
3rd	May 7–8, 1977	United Kingdom	James Callaghan	London
4th	July 16–17, 1978	West Germany	Helmut Schmidt	Bonn
5th	June 28–29, 1979	Japan	Masayoshi Ohira	Tokyo
6th	June 22–3, 1980	Italy	Francesco Cossiga	Venice
7th	July 20–21, 1981	Canada	Pierre E. Trudeau	Montebello, Quebec
8th	June 4–6, 1982	France	François Mitterrand	Versailles
9th	May 28–30, 1983	United States	Ronald Reagan	Williamsburg, Virginia
10th	June 7–9, 1984	United Kingdom	Margaret Thatcher	London
11th	May 2–4, 1985	West Germany	Helmut Kohl	Bonn
12th	May 4–6, 1986	Japan	Yasuhiro Nakasone	Tokyo
13th	June 8–10, 1987	Italy	Amintore Fanfani	Venice
14th	June 19–21, 1988	Canada	Brian Mulroney	Toronto
15th	July 14–16, 1989	France	François Mitterrand	Grande Arche, Paris
16th	July 9–11, 1990	United States	George H. W. Bush	Rice University, Houston, Texas
17th	July 15–17, 1991	United Kingdom	John Major	London
18th	July 6–8, 1992	Germany	Helmut Kohl	Munich
19th	July 7–9, 1993	Japan	Kiichi Miyazawa	Tokyo
20th	July 8–10, 1994	Italy	Silvio Berlusconi	Naples
21st	June 15–17, 1995	Canada	Jean Chrétien	Halifax, Nova Scotia
-	April 19–20, 1996 (Special summit on nuclear security)	Russia	Boris Yeltsin	Moscow
22nd	June 27–29, 1996	France	Jacques Chirac	Lyon
23rd	June 20–22, 1997 (First summit as G8)	United States	Bill Clinton	Denver, Colorado	[1]
24th	May 15–17, 1998	United Kingdom	Tony Blair	Birmingham, England	[2]
25th	June 18–20, 1999	Germany	Gerhard Schröder	Cologne
26th	July 21–23, 2000	Japan	Yoshiro Mori	Nago, Okinawa	[3]
27th	July 20–22, 2001	Italy	Silvio Berlusconi	Genoa	[4]
28th	June 26–27, 2002	Canada	Jean Chrétien	Kananaskis, Alberta	[5]
29th	June 2–3, 2003	France	Jacques Chirac	Évian-les-Bains	[6]
30th	June 8–10, 2004	United States	George W. Bush	Sea Island, Georgia	[7]
31st	July 6–8, 2005	United Kingdom	Tony Blair	Gleneagles, Scotland	[8]
32nd	July 15–17, 2006	Russia	Vladimir Putin	Strelna, St. Petersburg	[9]
33rd	June 6–8, 2007	Germany	Angela Merkel	Heiligendamm, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	[10]
34th	July 7–9, 2008	Japan	Yasuo Fukuda (predicted)	Tōyako, Hokkaidō	[11]
35th	2009	Italy	Silvio Berlusconi (predicted)	La Maddalena	[12]
36th	2010	Canada	Stephen Harper or other (predicted)
37th	2011	France	Nicolas Sarkozy (predicted)
38th	2012	United States	Barack Obama or John McCain (predicted)
39th	2013	United Kingdom	Gordon Brown or David Cameron(predicted)
40th	2014	Russia

Cumulative influence of member nations

Together, the G8 countries represent about 65% of the Gross World Product^[6], the majority of global military power (seven are in the top 8 nations for military expenditure^[7]), and almost all of the world's active nuclear weapons. The 1st G6 summit took place on November 15 – 17, 1975, in Rambouillet, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (born 2 February 1926 is a French centre - right politician who was President of the French Rambouillet is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. The 2nd G7 Summit was held at San Juan, Puerto Rico between June 27th and 28th 1976 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President San Juan (saŋ hwaŋ (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, " Saint John the Baptist " is the Capital and largest municipality in Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The 3rd G7 Summit was held at London, United Kingdom between 7- 8 May 1977. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Leonard James Callaghan Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005 was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The 4th G7 Summit was held at Bonn Germany between July 16th and 17th 1978 West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (born 23 December 1918 is a German Social Democratic Politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia The 5th G7 Summit was held at Tokyo Japan between June 28th and 29th 1979 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Masayoshi Ohira (大平 正芳 Ōhira Masayoshi March 12, 1910 &ndash June 12, 1980) was a Japanese officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The 6th G7 Summit was held at Venice Italy between June 22nd and 23rd 1980 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Francesco Cossiga (born July 26, 1928) is an Italian politician and former President of the Italian Republic. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the The 7th G7 Summit was held in Montebello Quebec Canada between July 20th and 21st 1981 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Montebello is a municipality located in the Papineau Regional County Municipality of Western Quebec ( Canada) Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The 8th G7 Summit was held at the in Versailles, France between July 4 to 6 1982 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important The 9th G7 Summit was held at Williamsburg Virginia during the 28th to 30th of May 1983. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born 3 April 1930 is a German conservative politician and statesman Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Yasuhiro Nakasone (中曽根 康弘 Nakasone Yasuhiro, born May 27 1918 is a Japanese Politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Amintore Fanfani ( February 6 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian career Politician and former interim President Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Martin Brian Mulroney PC CC GOQ (predominantly known as Brian Mulroney) (born March 20, 1939) was the eighteenth Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist The Grande Arche de la Fraternité is a Monument in the business district of La Défense to the west of Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The United States of America —commonly referred to as the George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 William Marsh Rice University (commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters Science and Art Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The 17th G7 Summit was held in London, England between July 15 to 17 1991 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sir John Major KG CH ACIB (born 29 March 1943 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The 18th G7 Summit was held at the in Munich, Germany between July 6 to 8 1992 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born 3 April 1930 is a German conservative politician and statesman Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The 19th G7 Summit was held at the in Tokyo, Japan between July 7 to 9 1993 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. was a Japanese Politician and the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The 20th G7 Summit was held in Naples, Italy between July 8 to 10 1994 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the The 21st G7 summit was held from June 15 to June 17 1995 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime See also Halifax Nova Scotia See also Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election 2008 Halifax Regional Municipality is the capital Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The 22nd G7 Summit was held at the in Lyon, France between June 27 to 29 1996 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. The 23rd G8 summit was held from June 20 to June 22 1997 in Denver, Colorado. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The 24th G8 Summit was held at Birmingham, England between May 15 to 17, 1998. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The 25th G8 Summit was held at Cologne Germany between June 18th and 20th 1999 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ˌɡeɐ̯haɐ̯t fʁɪʦ kʊɐ̯t ˈʃʁøːdɐ (born 7 April 1944 German politician, was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005 The 26th G8 Summit was a political summit that took place in Nago, Okinawa, Japan, on July 21 - July 23 2000. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū The 27th G8 summit took place in Genoa, Italy, in July 2001. The summit was overshadowed by riots in the city after a crackdown by police targeting Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English The 28th G8 Summit took place in Kananaskis Alberta, Canada on June 26 and June 27, 2002. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime Kananaskis is an improvement district (a type of rural municipal administrative unit situated to the west of Calgary Alberta, Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 The 29th G8 summit took place in Évian-les-Bains, France, in June 2003 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Évian-les-Bains or Évian is a commune of France, in the northern part of the Haute-Savoie département, on the shores of The 30th G8 summit took place in Sea Island, Georgia, United States, on June 8 - June 10 2004. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Sea Island is an isolated Resort Island located in unincorporated Glynn County just off the Atlantic coast of southern Georgia The 31st G8 summit was held from July 6 to July 8 2005 at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Gleneagles ( Scottish Gaelic: Gleann na h-Eaglais/Gleann Eagas is a Glen in the Ochil Hills of Perth and Kinross in Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The 32nd summit of the G8 group of industrialised nations took place from July 15 to July 17, 2006 outside Saint Petersburg, Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia Strelna (Стре́льна is a historic settlement situated about halfway between St Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River The 33rd G8 summit took place at Kempinski Grand Hotel in Heiligendamm in the old Duchy of Mecklenburg in the Northern German state of Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany. The seaside resort Heiligendamm, situated on the Baltic Sea coast was founded in 1793. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, sometimes translated as Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania or Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, is a state in Northern Germany comprising The 34th G8 summit took place in on the northern island of Hokkaidō, Japan from July 7 – 9, 2008. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. was the 91st Prime Minister of Japan, serving from 2007 to 2008 is a town in Abuta District, Iburi Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan 's Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC The Other or constitutive other (also referred to as othering) is a key concept in Continental philosophy, opposed to the Same This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nicolas Sarkozy (pronounced, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966 is a British Politician and the current leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of Her Majesty's Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Gross world product (GWP is the total Gross national product of all the countries in the world For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. ^[8]

The eight countries making up the G8 represent about 14% of the world population, but they account for 65% of the world's economic output measured by gross domestic product, all 8 within the top 10 countries according to the CIA World Factbook. The world population is the total number of living Humans on Earth at a given time The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the (see the CIA World Factbook column in List of countries by GDP (nominal))

In 2007, the combined G8 military spending was US$850 billion. PLEASE NO RANDOM FIGURES THERE ARE NO FIGURES BASED ON NATIONAL STATISTICS IN THIS ARTICLE This was 72% of the world's total military expenditures. (see List of countries and federations by military expenditures) Four of the G8 members United Kingdom, United States of America, France and Russia together account for 96-99% of the world's nuclear weapons. This is a list of countries by military expenditures using the latest information available The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending (see List of states with nuclear weapons)

Criticism and demonstrations

Protesters try to stop members of the G8 from attending the summit during the 27th G8 summit in Genoa, Italy by burning vehicles on the main route to the summit

As the annual summits are extremely high profile, they are subject to extensive lobbying by advocacy groups and street demonstrations by activists. Nations that are known or believed to possess Nuclear weapons are sometimes referred to as the nuclear club. The 27th G8 summit took place in Genoa, Italy, in July 2001. The summit was overshadowed by riots in the city after a crackdown by police targeting Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

The most well-known criticisms center on the assertion that members of G8 are responsible for global issues such as poverty in Africa and developing countries due to debt and trading policy, global warming due to carbon dioxide emission, the AIDS problem due to strict medicine patent policy and other issues related to globalization. Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and Developing countries' debt is External debt incurred by the governments of Third World countries, generally in quantities beyond the governments' political Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an Globalization (or globalisation) in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones During the 31st G8 summit in Scotland, 250, 000 people took to the streets of Edinburgh as part of the Make Poverty History campaign calling for Trade Justice, Debt Relief and Better Aid. The 31st G8 summit was held from July 6 to July 8 2005 at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder The Make Poverty History campaign (which is written as MAKE POVERTY' HISTORY') is a British and Irish coalition of Charities, religious Numerous other demonstrations also took place challenging the legitimacy of the G8. ^[9],

Of the anti-globalization movement protests, the largest and most violent was that of the 27th G8 summit in Genoa in 2001. " Anti-globalization " is a term that encompasses a number of related ideas The 27th G8 summit took place in Genoa, Italy, in July 2001. The summit was overshadowed by riots in the city after a crackdown by police targeting Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Summits since have been hosted outside of major cities. The 7 July 2005 London bombings were timed to coincide with the 31st G8 summit in Scotland. The 7 July 2005 London bombings (also called the 7/7 bombings) were a series of coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's public transport system during The 31st G8 summit was held from July 6 to July 8 2005 at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

See also

References

External links

For the official summit websites, see the applicable article, e. g. 34th G8 summit. The 34th G8 summit took place in on the northern island of Hokkaidō, Japan from July 7 – 9, 2008.

• G8: The World Can't Wait!, "Oxfam International G8 Blog", oxfam. org
• G8 research group, "G8 Research Group's Information Centre", utoronto. The G8 Research Group's stated mission is to serve as the world’s leading independent source of information analysis and research on the institutions issues and members of the Group of Eight ca
• "Special Report: G8", Guardian Unlimited
• "Profile: G8", BBC News
• "We are deeply concerned. Again", New Statesman, 4 July 2005, —G8 development concerns since 1977
• "G8 Dossier" by the Internationalist Review, —On-line dossier with analysis, photo series and links on G8 protests

Official G8 sites of member states (not summit specific)

• Canada
• United Kingdom
  • History of the G8 —UK government site