For the record label, see G-Funk Entertainment

G-Funk, or "Gangsta Funk", is a type of hip hop music that emerged from West Coast gangsta rap in the early 1990s. West Coast hip hop is a style of Hip hop music that originated in California in the early 1980s Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with West Coast hip hop is a style of Hip hop music that originated in California in the early 1980s For the Ice T album see Gangsta Rap (album. Gangsta rap is a term originated by the mainstream media to describe a certain subgenre The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 G-funk (which uses funk music with artificially lowered tempos) incorporates multi-layered and melodic synthesizers, slow hypnotic grooves, a deep bass, background female vocals, the extensive sampling of p-funk tunes, and a high portamento sine wave keyboard lead—a feature that became the genre’s notable trademark. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO P-Funk (also spelled P Funk or P Funk) is a shorthand term for the repertoire and performers associated with George Clinton and the Parliament-Funkadelic Portamento is a Musical term primarily denoting a vocal slide between two pitches and its emulation by instruments such as the violin and in 16th century Additionally, unlike other earlier rap acts that also utilized funk samples (such as EPMD or The Bomb Squad), G-funk often utilized fewer, unaltered samples per song ^[1]. EPMD is an American Hip hop group from Brentwood, New York, active for more than 20 years ( 1986 –present is one of the most The Bomb Squad is an influential Hip hop production team known for their work with Public Enemy.

This genre was characterized by a generally hedonistic subject matter including violence, sex, and drug use, and a slurred "lazy drawl" that sacrificed lyrical complexity for clarity and rhythmic cadence. Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and G-funk became the premier subgenre of mainstream hip hop for a span of nearly four years (from the release of Dr. Dre's landmark debut, The Chronic, in late 1992, to the collapse of the Los Angeles-based labels, Ruthless Records, Priority Records, and Death Row Records, Sacramento-based label Blackmarket Records, Oakland-based label Jive, and Def Jam West in 1996 and 1997). Andre Romelle Young (born February 18 1965 primarily known by his stage name Dr The Chronic is the Debut album of Hip hop producer and rapper Dr Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Ruthless Records, pronounced roofless records is an Imprint Record label formed by Gangsta rapper Eazy-E with partner Jerry Heller Priority Records is an American based Record label, owned and operated by EMI, and has made a name for itself dealing primarily in Hip hop music Death Row Records was a Record label that was founded in 1991 by Dr Oakland (ˈoʊklənd founded in 1852 is the eighth-largest city in the U

Origins

There has been some debate over who should be considered the "father of G-funk. " Dr. Dre is generally believed to have developed the sound; the first hints of the whiny syn-leads and Parliament-Funkadelic-style bass grooves in Dre's work appeared on N.W.A.'s single "Alwayz Into Something" from their 1991 album Efil4zaggin. Andre Romelle Young (born February 18 1965 primarily known by his stage name Dr The bands Parliament and Funkadelic cannot be easily separated NWA (also known as Niggaz with Attitudes) was a Compton, California -based hip hop group widely considered one of the seminal acts of the Niggaz4Life (also known as Efil4zaggin) was the 4th and final studio album by Gangsta rap group N Dr. Dre's first true G-funk single, however, was 1992's "Deep Cover", the title song from the movie soundtrack of the same name, which also introduced the world to Snoop Dogg. Cordozar Calvin Broadus Jr (born October 20 1971 His mother nicknamed him " Snoopy " as a child because of the way he dressed and because of his love of When Dre's 1992 Death Row Records debut The Chronic was released in 1992, the album was immensely successful, and consequently made G-funk the most popular sub-genre of hip-hop in the mainstream. Death Row Records was a Record label that was founded in 1991 by Dr The Chronic is the Debut album of Hip hop producer and rapper Dr

However, some have alleged that Dr. Dre stole the concept of G-funk from Above The Law's Cold 187um (AKA Big Hutch) while N. Above the Law was a Rap group from Pomona California, founded in 1989 by Cold 187um, KMG the Illustrator Go Mack and DJ Total K-Oss Gregory Fernan Hutchinson (born August 2, 1961 in Pomona, California) better known by his Stage name Cold 187um, is W. A. and Above The Law were both signed to Ruthless Records in the early-1990s. Ruthless Records, pronounced roofless records is an Imprint Record label formed by Gangsta rapper Eazy-E with partner Jerry Heller Above The Law have claimed that their album Black Mafia Life (1993), although it was released after The Chronic, had been in the works while Dre was still on Ruthless, and that he heard tracks from the album and imitated the style on The Chronic. Black Mafia Life was the third album by Gangsta rap crew Above the Law, released on February 2, 1993; being released some time It is notable that several songs on Black Mafia Life contain the same samples as songs on The Chronic ("Pimp Clinic", for example, is based upon the same samples as Dr. Dre's hit single "Let Me Ride"; therefore, the two songs are distinctly similar). Above The Law continue to argue that they are the architects of the G-funk style.

Others have drawn comparisons between G-funk and San Francisco-based Mobb Music, which has never gained widespread mainstream success but incorporates elements similar to G-funk, with more tempo variations, less portamento, synthesizers, Moog bass lines, and more live instruments. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city MoBB Music is a style of West Coast rap music that began in the San Francisco Bay Area in the late 1980s to mid 1990s Dr Robert Arthur Moog (ˈmoʊɡ to rhyme with "rogue" ( May 23, 1934 &ndash August 21, 2005) was an American pioneer of A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music.

Influence

After the release of The Chronic, many producers from the West Coast and even some from the East Coast began producing in the G-funk style or imitating it. Most notably, producers Warren G and DJ Quik produced their most well-known material in the G-funk vein, Dre's fellow Death Row "inmate" Daz produced significant material including Tha Dogg Pound's debut Dogg Food in the same style. Warren Griffin III (born November 10, 1970 in Long Beach California) better known by his Stage name Warren G, is an American David Martin Blake (born January 18, 1970 in Compton, California) better known by his Stage name DJ Quik, is a Rapper Death Row Records was a Record label that was founded in 1991 by Dr Delmar Drew Arnaud (born on May 25 1973 in Long Beach California) better known by his Stage name Daz Dillinger (and formerly Dat Tha Dogg Pound, also known as DPG (Dogg Pound Gangstaz is a rap group made up of Kurupt and Daz Dillinger. Dogg Food is the debut album by the Tha Dogg Pound. Its controversial lyrics were the subject of Shareholder protest (the album was supposed to be Within only a few years such talented westcoast G-Funk producers hit the key boards with integrity, including QDIII, Rhythm D, Spice 1, Boody Rhymes Madness 4 Real, Dr. Quincy Delight Jones III (born) (aka QD3 aka Snoopy) is a Swedish-American composer music producer film producer and author Spice 1 (born Robert L Green Jr in Corsicana Texas) is a West Coast rapper raised in Hayward California, best known for his acclaimed self-titled Jam, Brotha Lynch Hung, E-A-Ski, CMT, Tootie, N. Kevin Mann, better known by his Stage name Brotha Lynch Hung, is an American Rapper from Sacramento California. Shon Adams, better known by his Stage name E-A-Ski, is an American Rapper and producer from Oakland California. Country Music Television, or CMT as it is usually called is an American Country music -oriented Cable television network O. Joe, T-Mix, Brian G, Yella, and Sam Sneed In the "Making of Ready to Die" issue of XXL magazine, ex-Bad Boy producer Easy Mo Bee stated that he was trying to bring a G-funk-inspired sound to The Notorious B.I.G.'s debut album. DJ Yella is the Stage name of Antoine Carraby (born December 11, 1967) a DJ, music producer, and film director from This page is for the rap musician For the golfer see Sam Snead Sam Sneed (born Sam Anderson 1968 in McKeesport XXL (pronounced, double-X-L is a hip-hop magazine from Harris Publications. Bad Boy Records (originally Bad Boy Entertainment) is an East Coast Hip-Hop / R&B Record label founded by producer/rapper Sean Easy Mo Bee (born Osten Harvey Jr in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn New York) is Grammy-winning hip hop / R&B Record producer Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again

Lasting influences that have carried on even after the heyday of the style include heavy use of funk-style synthesizers, and hooks sung and modified electronically through the use of a vocoder or Talk box in a style pioneered by funk group Zapp and Roger. A talk box is an effects device that allows a musician to modify the sound of a Musical instrument. Zapp (also known as the Zapp Band or Zapp and Roger) was a soul and Funk band formed in 1978 by brothers Roger Troutman

Criticism and backlash

Prior to the success of The Chronic, prominent groups of the golden age of hip hop such as Public Enemy and Native Tongues Posse, embraced more socially aware issues such as drug abuse, poverty, racism, and African American empowerment, whereas rappers utilizing the G-funk sound essentially rapped about the gangsta subject matter that Dre's former group, N. Hip hop's "golden age" is a name given to a period in mainstream Hip hop —usually cited as the late 1980s—said to be characterized by its diversity quality innovation Public Enemy, also known as PE, is an influential hip hop group from Long Island New York, known for its politically charged Lyrics, criticism The Native Tongues is a collective of late 1980s and early 1990s hip-hop artists known for their positive-minded good-naturedly Afrocentric lyrics and for pioneering W. A, had helped bring to the mainstream in the late 1980s. This led to some criticism from hip hop purists, who accused these rappers of "dumbing down" rap. In 1994, Chicago rapper Common released the song "I Used to Love H.E.R." on his album Resurrection; the track essentially summed up the sentiments of hip-hop purists, and received notable attention in the underground. Lonnie Rashid Lynn Jr (born March 13 1972) better known by his Stage name Common (and previously known as Common Sense) is an " I Used to Love HER " is a hip hop song by the Chicago -born rapper Common. This article concerns itself with Jesus Christ Christian, Islamic and other religious interpretations of resurrection in general It was this disillusionment with mainstream hip hop that led certain hip hop critics to enthusiastically embrace East Coast albums such as Black Moon's Enta Da Stage, The Wu-Tang Clan's Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) (see 1993 in music), and Nas's and The Notorious B.I.G.'s respective debut:Ready to Die and Nas's debut Illmatic (see 1994 in music). East Coast hip hop is the original style of Hip hop music that originated in New York City, USA, during the early-1970s Black Moon is an american hip hop group consisting of members Buckshot, 5ft and DJ Evil Dee (of Da Beatminerz) Enta da Stage is the debut album of American East Coast hip hop group Black Moon, released on October 19 1993 through Nervous Records Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers is the Debut album of American East Coast hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, released November This is a summary of significant events in music in 1993. Events January Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again Ready to Die is the Grammy Nominated and Billboard Award Winning debut Studio album by East Coast Rapper The Notorious B This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1994. These successive releases were hailed as the beginning of an East Coast hip hop renaissance, that later included albums such as Only Built 4 Cuban Linx, The Infamous, Doe Or Die, It Was Written, and Reasonable Doubt. East Coast hip hop is the original style of Hip hop music that originated in New York City, USA, during the early-1970s The Infamous is the second album by Queensbridge hip hop duo Mobb Deep. Doe or Die is the debut album by New York emcee AZ. Released in 1995 (see 1995 in music) AZ was introduced to the world on Nas 's It Was Written is the second Studio album by rapper Nas, released July 2, 1996 in the United States, Canada Reasonable Doubt is the debut album of East Coast Rapper Jay-Z, released June 25 1996 on Roc-A-Fella Records in the United States Ready to Die, in particular, established Bad Boy Records as a significant competitor against the West Coast hip hop scene led by Death Row Records. Bad Boy Records (originally Bad Boy Entertainment) is an East Coast Hip-Hop / R&B Record label founded by producer/rapper Sean Death Row Records was a Record label that was founded in 1991 by Dr

Despite such criticism and mounting pressure from censorship groups (most notably C. Delores Tucker) opposed to gangsta rap, The Chronic and Doggystyle, were both critically-acclaimed as well as commercially successful. According to the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index the United States is currently ranked 48th in the world in terms of press freedom C DeLores Tucker (née Cynthia DeLores Nottage) ( October 4, 1927 - October 12, 2005) was a U Doggystyle is the 1993 debut album by American West Coast hip hop artist Snoop Doggy Dogg, released by Death Row Records. The singles "Nuthin' But a "G" Thang" (The Chronic) and "Gin and Juice" (Doggystyle) became the most famous examples of G-funk in this era. " Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang " is a 1993 hit song by American Gangsta rapper Dr " Gin and Juice " is the second single by rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg, from his Debut album Doggystyle. The G-funk sound could also be heard in rapper Tupac Shakur's most popular releases, including Me Against the World - "Heavy in the Game" and most notably the song "Cant C Me" (produced by Dr Dre) featured on All Eyez on Me, the latter of which was released on the Death Row label. Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16 1971 &mdash September 13 1996 also known by his Stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper Me Against the World is the third hip hop album by 2Pac, released on March 14 1995. All Eyez on Me is the fifth studio album and a Double album by U

Future of the G-funk era

In late 1995 and 1996, following Dr. Dre's departure from Death Row Records, Eazy E's death, Brotha Lynch Hung's label legality issues, various legal proceedings against numerous West Coast G-Funk rappers, Tupac Shakur's murder, and Suge Knight's imprisonment for racketeering, the G-funk era effectively came to an end. Eric Lynn Wright (September 7 1963 – March 26 1995 better known by the stage name Eazy-E, was an American rapper, producer, and Record executive Kevin Mann, better known by his Stage name Brotha Lynch Hung, is an American Rapper from Sacramento California. Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16 1971 &mdash September 13 1996 also known by his Stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper Marion Hugh Knight Jr, better known as Suge Knight, is an Entrepreneur in the Hip hop music industry and co-founder and CEO of Death Through this disarray many artists and producers if still active fell through the cracks into obscurity as the era collapsed. Dr. Dre attempted to update and expand on the sound with his late 1996 release Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath as well as 1997's Nas, Foxy Brown, AZ, and Nature Present The Firm: The Album, the latter of which he partially produced. Dr Dre Presents the Aftermath is a Compilation album by Dr Dre. While both albums went platinum, they were unsuccessful by Dre's standards, and had little impact on the hip-hop scene.

However, the G-funk sound has had a lasting impact on hip hop, and its influence can be heard in albums such as Dre's successful 1999 comeback 2001, which features a significantly different production style from The Chronic but has its roots in the G-funk sound he helped pioneer. 2001, sometimes referred to by fans as The Chronic 2001, Dr Dre 2001 and The Chronic 2, is the second album by Hip hop producer

The sound has continued to utilized by a number of rap artists and producers including Kokane who in 2006 released three separate albums, "Kokane presents the Hood Mob", "Back 2 tha Clap, and "Pain killer'z". Two well established G-Funk artists DJ Quik and Warren G released albums in 2005 and were both commercially and critically solid indie albums. David Martin Blake (born January 18, 1970 in Compton, California) better known by his Stage name DJ Quik, is a Rapper Warren Griffin III (born November 10, 1970 in Long Beach California) better known by his Stage name Warren G, is an American Two less commercially established but regionally popular acts, Foesum and Suga Free released an albums in 2006 using the sound template. Dejuan Rice, known by Stage name Suga Free, is an American Rapper from Pomona California. In 2007, the Dogg Pound released Dogg Chit, produced almost entirely by Daz Dillinger, which featured a classic G-Funk sound throughout the album. Tha Dogg Pound, also known as DPG (Dogg Pound Gangstaz is a rap group made up of Kurupt and Daz Dillinger. Dogg Chit is an album by Tha Dogg Pound. Guests include Too Short, Snoop Dogg, BG Knocc Out, Dresta, RBX Delmar Drew Arnaud (born on May 25 1973 in Long Beach California) better known by his Stage name Daz Dillinger (and formerly Dat

External Websites

• [1]
• G-Funk News

References

1. ^ Brown, Ethan (22). "Straight Outta Hollis", Queens Reigns Supreme: Fat Cat, 50 Cent, and the Rise of the Hip Hop Hustler. Anchor. ISBN 1-4000-9523-9.  “[Unlike] popular hip-hop producers like the Bomb Squad, Dre instead utilized a single sample to drive a song. ”