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This article is about the city in Fujian province. For the city in Jiangxi province, see Fuzhou, Jiangxi. Not to be confused with Fuzhou ( Fujian province Administration Fuzhou has direct jurisdiction over one County-level city
Fuzhou
福州
Foochow, Fuchow or Fuh-chau
Location of Fuzhou Prefecture within Fujian
Location of Fuzhou Prefecture within Fujian
Fuzhou (China)
Fuzhou
Fuzhou
Location within China
Coordinates: 26°16′N 119°13′E / 26.267, 119.217
Country China
Province Fujian
County-level divisions 13
Area
 - Total 12,000 km² (4,633. This article is about the People's Republic of China province Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES This article is about the People's Republic of China province See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 2 sq mi)
Population
 - Total 6,608,000
Time zone China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Postal code 350000
Area code(s) 591
License plate prefixes 闽A
GDP (2007) CNY 279. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. China standard time or Beijing time is the Time zone observed in the People's Republic of China ( PRC) UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours The Postal code for the People's Republic of China uses a numeric six-digit System for the whole country A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The Chinese Telephone Code Plan is the way to group telephone numbers in the mainland of the People's Republic of China. The People's Republic of China issues vehicles Licence plates at its Vehicle Management Offices under the administration of the Ministry of Public Security Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 5 billion
 - per capita CNY 31,582
Website: www.fuzhou.gov.cn (Chinese)

Fuzhou (help·info) (Chinese: 福州; pinyin: Fúzhōu; Wade-Giles: Fu-chou; Foochow Romanized: Hók-ciŭ; EFEO: Fou-Tcheou; also seen as Foochow, Fuchow or Fuh-chau in earlier Western documents) is the capital and the largest prefecture-level city of Fujian (福建) province, People's Republic of China. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Foochow Romanized, aka Bàng-uâ-cê ( BUC for short Chinese characters: 平話字 or The École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO is a French institute dedicated to the study of Asian societies A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and This article is about the People's Republic of China province A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES It is also referred to as Rongcheng (榕城) which means "city of banyan trees. A banyan is a fig that starts its life as an Epiphyte when its Seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host Tree (or on structures like "

It is the capital of the province, and is situated on the north bank of the estuary of Fujian's largest river, the Min River, which gives access to the interior and to the neighboring provinces of Jiangxi and Zhejiang. The Min River ( is a 577km-long River in Fujian province China. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

Contents

History

The exact foundation date of this city is not known. When Yue to the north of Fujian was annexed by Chu in 306 BC, a branch of the royal family of the defeated Yue fled Fujian and became the Minyue (闽越) tribe. Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and Events By place Cyprus Menelaus brother of Egypt's ruler Ptolemy I Soter, is defeated and captured by Demetrius Poliorcetes Minyue ( was an ancient kingdom located what is now the province of Fujian in Southern China

The first city wall of Fuzhou was built in 202 BC when Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, gave permission to Wuzhu (无诸), the king of Minyue, to set up his capital in Fuzhou. Events By place Carthage Accused of treason by the Carthaginians after being defeated by the Romans at the Battle of the Early life Liú Bāng was born into a lower class farming family in Pei (present Pei County in Jiangsu Province) The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The city was named Ye (冶), meaning "The Beautiful". The name has changed many times, but the city has been continuously occupied since 202 BC and has never suffered major destruction by wars or natural disasters.

The Minyue was annexed by Han in 110 BC and became a part of China, and Fuzhou became Ye County. During the Jin Dynasty, West Lake, East Lake (now silted up) and numerous canals in the city were constructed (282 AD). The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Probus is slain in a battle against the usurper Carus, an Illyrian and Praetorian

When the Jin Dynasty collapsed, the first wave of immigrants of the gentile class arrived in Fujian (308 AD). Events By Place Roman Empire November 11 — The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire the During the Tang Dynasty (725 AD), it started to be called Fuzhou. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Events By Place Europe Bede publishes On the reckoning of time ( De temporum ratione) calculating dates

More immigrants arrived from the north starting from 892 as the Tang Dynasty was collapsing. Events By Place Europe Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia, is deposed by the German Carolingian king After the Tang Dynasty fell in 907, the Wang family managed to establish a kingdom called Min (909 – 945) with its capital in Fuzhou, then known as Changle. Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Min 閩 was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. Events By Place Africa The Aghlabid dynasty in North Africa is overthrown by the Fatimids. Events By Place Asia The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad (it does not supplant the local caliphate) Min is still used as another name for the province of Fujian, in names of region such as minnan, and the river that runs through Fuzhou is called Min Jiang. This article is about the People's Republic of China province The Southern Min language or Min Nan ( POJ: Bân-lâm-gú or "Southern Fujian" language refers to a family of Chinese languages Dialects

New city walls were built in 282 AD, 901 AD, 905 AD, and 974 AD, so the city had many layers of walls — more than the Chinese capital. Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Probus is slain in a battle against the usurper Carus, an Illyrian and Praetorian Events By Place Americas The Mesoamerican ballgame court is dedicated at Uxmal. This article is about the year AD 905 For other uses of the term see 905 (disambiguation. Events By Place Africa The Carmathians are defeated in Egypt by Jawhar as-Siqilli; Fatimid rule is consolidated

Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty (宋) ordered destruction of all the walls in Fuzhou in 978 AD but new walls were rebuilt later. Emperor Taizong ( November 20, 939 &ndash May 8, 997) born Zhao Kuangyi, was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa Margravine of Tuscany The latest was built in 1371 AD.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Fuzhou became more prosperous; many scholars came here to live and work. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Among them were Zhu Xi (朱熹), the most celebrated Chinese philosopher after Confucius, and Xin Qiji (辛弃疾), the greatest composer of ci (a specialized form of poem). Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (朱熹 born October 18, 1130, Yuxi, Fujian province China &ndash died April 23, 1200 Confucius ( lit " Master Kung " September 28, 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher See also List of Chinese authors Zh-classical辛棄疾 After them came Marco Polo, who transcribed the placename in Italian as Fugiu according to Mandarin Chinese. Marco Polo ( September 15 1254 – January 9 1324 at earliest but no later than June 1325 was a Venetian trader and explorer Transcription is the conversion into written typewritten or printed form of a Spoken language source such as the proceedings of a court hearing Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

Hualin Temple in the original Ye city, which has been declared a national heritage site, was built in 964 AD according to documentation, but was carbon-dated to the 4th or 5th century AD. 964 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Asia Nicephorus II begins a campaign to recapture Radiocarbon dating is a Radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring Radioisotope Carbon-14 (14C to determine the age of It is probably the oldest existing wooden structure in China.

Between 1405 and 1433 AD, the Chinese (Ming) navy fleet, led by Zheng He, sailed from Fuzhou to the Indian Ocean seven times; on three occasions the fleet landed on the east coast of Africa. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Zheng He ( Birth name 馬三寶 / 马三宝; Arabic / Persian name حجّي محمود شمس Hajji Mahmud Shams) (1371&ndash1433 was a Hui The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface Before the last sailing, Zheng erected a stele dedicated to the goddess Tian-Fei (Matsu) near the seaport. A stele (from Greek:, stēlē, ˈstiːli plural stelae,, stēlai, ˈstiːlaɪ also found Latinised singular stela Tin Hau redirects here For other meanings of Tin Hau see Tin Hau (disambiguation Mazu ( also spelt Matsu, is the Taoist ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo

In the 19th century, Lin Zexu, a native of Fuzhou, led an unsuccessful attempt to resist the British fleet at Canton Bay, and Lin was exiled to the Russian border. Lin Zexu ( Styled: Yuanfu (元抚 ( August 30, 1785 &ndash November 22, 1850) was a Chinese scholar and official during Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending At the end of the First Opium War, Fuzhou became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened by the Treaty of Nanjing (signed in 1842). The First Opium War or the First Anglo-Chinese War was fought between the British East India Company and the Qing Dynasty in China from 1839 This article refers to ports in East Asia For the Anglo-Irish Treaty ports see Treaty Ports (Ireland. The Treaty of Nanking (Treaty of Nanjing signed 29 August, 1842, was the unequal treaty which marked the end of the First Opium War between Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Lin Zexu died on November 22, 1850 at age of 66. Lin Zexu ( Styled: Yuanfu (元抚 ( August 30, 1785 &ndash November 22, 1850) was a Chinese scholar and official during

On November 8, 1911, revolutionaries staged an uprising in Fuzhou. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year After an overnight street battle, the Qing (Manchu) army surrendered. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China On November 22, 1933, the leaders of the 19th Army set up a short-lived Republic of China (中華共和國) in Fuzhou (compare the name to Chiang’s “Republic of China” (中華民國), which literally means “People’s State of China”); it collapsed in two months. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China ( also known as the Fujian People's Government (Chinese 福建人民革命政府 pinyin Fújiàn Rénmín Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

Around 1940, the Japanese army decided to invade Fuzhou. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku Surrounded by hills on 3 sides, the Japanese army quickly bombed and invaded the city. Japanese planes quickly bombed the only escape route for Chinese civilians- the bridges across the neighbouring river, leaving many civilians dangerously crossing the river on foot. The Japanese soon took the city and held it until Japan's surrender in 1945.

See also: Battle of Foochow

On December 13, 1993, a raging fire swept through a textile factory in Fuzhou and claimed the lives of 60 workers. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. [1]

On October 2, 2005, floodwaters from Typhoon Longwang swept away a military school, killing at least 80 paramilitary officers. Typhoon Longwang ( Traditional Chinese: 龍王 Simplified Chinese: 龙王 international designation 0519, JTWC designation 19W A military academy or service academy (American English is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the Army the Navy Air Force A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status [2]

Districts and counties

The administrative divisions of Fuzhou have changed frequently in history. In 1983, Fuzhou administered 5 districts and 8 counties, whose territory has not changed since then. In 1990 and 1994, Fuqing (Hók-chiăng) and Changle (Diòng-lŏ̤h) counties were promoted to county-level cities. Despite this change, the old statement of "5 districts and 8 counties" is still popular among the local people.

Economy and transportation

The seal of Fuzhou: 3 hills and a river.
The seal of Fuzhou: 3 hills and a river.

Main airport: Fuzhou Changle International Airport

In 1867 the port was the site of one of China's first major experiments with Western technology, when the Fuzhou Navy Yard was established; a shipyard and an arsenal were built under French guidance, and a naval school was opened. Fuzhou Changle International Airport is an airport in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. The Foochow Arsenal was one of several shipyards in China built under orders of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang, leaders of the Qing government's Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military An arsenal is an establishment for the construction repair storage and issue of Weapons and Ammunition. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A naval academy was also established at the shipyard, and it became a center for the study of European languages and technical sciences. A Naval Academy is a national institution that provides undergraduate level education for prospective Naval officers Many nations support naval academies some of which are The academy, which offered courses in English, French, engineering, and navigation, produced a generation of Western-trained officers, including the famous scholar-reformer Yan Fu (1854–1921). Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another Yan Fu ( January 8 1854 — October 27 1921) Courtesy name Ji Dao (幾道 was a Chinese scholar and translator

The yard was established as part of a program to strengthen China in the wake of the country's disastrous defeat in the trading conflict known as the second Opium War (1856–60). The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war of the United Kingdom But most talented students continued to pursue a traditional Confucian education, and by the mid-1870s the government began to lose interest in the shipyard; it had trouble securing funds and declined in importance. Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Fuzhou remained essentially a commercial center and a port until World War II; it had relatively little industry. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The port was occupied by the Japanese during 1940–45. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

Since 1949, Fuzhou has grown considerably; its communications have been improved by the clearing of the Min River for navigation by medium-sized craft upstream to Nanping. The Min River ( is a 577km-long River in Fujian province China. This article is about the city in Fujian Province China For the Ten Kingdoms -era kingdom also known as Nanping see Jingnan Administration In 1956 the railway linking Fuzhou with the interior of the province and with the main Chinese railway system was opened. The port, too, has been improved; Fuzhou itself is no longer accessible to seagoing ships, but Luoxingta anchorage and another outer harbor at Guantou on the coast of the East China Sea have been modernized and improved. An anchor is an object often made out of metal that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a body of water at a specific point The East China Sea is a Marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1249000 km² The chief exports are timber, fruits, paper, and foodstuffs.

Industry is supplied with power by a grid running from the Gutian hydroelectric scheme in the mountains to the northwest. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water The city is a center for industrial chemicals and has food-processing, timber-working, engineering, papermaking, printing, and textile industries. The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw Ingredients into Food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or A small iron and steel plant was built in 1958. In 1984 Fuzhou was designated one of China's "open" cities in the new open-door policy inviting foreign investments. The Open Door Policy is a concept in foreign affairs As a theory the Open Door Policy originates with British commercial practice as was reflected in treaties concluded with Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country Handicrafts remain important in the rural areas, and the city is famous for its lacquer and wood products. Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply Craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools In a general sense lacquer is a clear or coloured Varnish, that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard durable finish in any

Its GDP was ¥31582 (ca. US$3800) per capita in 2003, ranked no. This list hopes to rank cities of the People's Republic of China by GDP Per capita in Renminbi ( 人[[wikt 民|民]] 币) aka yuan 21 among 659 Chinese cities.

Culture

The main hall of Hualinsi Temple, Fuzhou
The main hall of Hualinsi Temple, Fuzhou

Fuzhou, also known as the City of Banyan after the many Banyan trees that dot the city landscape, may not be as rich in history as some other ancient Chinese cities but still boasts a fair number of historical sights.

Colleges and universities

Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed. Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Probus is slain in a battle against the usurper Carus, an Illyrian and Praetorian For the political lobbying groups see 527 groups Events By Place Byzantine Empire April 1 — Byzantine Events By Place Byzantine Empire September — Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Events By Topic Religion 29 November — Pope Leo III, aided by Charles the Great, returns to Rome. Events By Place Asia King Taejo of Goryeo (Wanggeon defeats Hubaekje. This article is about the year AD 905 For other uses of the term see 905 (disambiguation. Events By Place Europe Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League defeats the Saracens Fuzhou University FSU ( Chinese: 福州大学 Pinyin Fú zhōu dà xué is a university located in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (福建农林大学 is a public university in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Fujian Medical University (福建医科大学 is a university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (福建中医学院 is a university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Minjiang University (闽江学院 is a public university located in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Fujian University of Technology ( Chinese:福建工程学院 Pinyin:Fújiàn Gōngchéng Xuéyuàn) is a public university located in Fuzhou, Fujian

Sister cities

See also

References

  1. ^ Major Events Across The Taiwan Straits
  2. ^ Major Events Across The Taiwan Straits

External links

( is the Capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. For the village in Chiapas, Mexico, see Naha Chiapas. For the airport in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, see Sangir Island Gunsan is a city in North Jeolla Province South Korea. It is located on the south bank of the Geum River just upstream from its exit into the George is a city in South Africa 's Western Cape Province. It has a population of approximately 104700 and is the administrative and commercial hub of the Garden Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Campinas (kɐ̃ːˈpinɐs is a city and county ( município) located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Sibu is a town and the capital of Sibu District (2298 square kilometers in Sibu Division For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Ayer Tawar (Chinese 爱大华 Pinyin Àidàhuá is a small town of 30000 people in the district of Manjung, state of Perak, Malaysia. Sitiawan (alternate spelling Setiawan; origin from Malay, a portmanteau of Setia Kawan, meaning "Loyal Friend" is a Perak is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is the second largest state in Peninsular Malaysia bordering Kedah and Yala Province of For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Eastern Min language or Min Dong ( Foochow Romanized: Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ is the language mainly spoken in the eastern part of Fujian Province This list ranks cities in the People's Republic of China (PRC by Population.

Dictionary

Fuzhou

-noun

  1. A prefecture-level city in southeastern China; capital of Fujian Province.
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