Funk
Stylistic origins	Soul music with a more pronounced beat and influences from Rhythm and Blues, Jazz and Psychedelic rock
Cultural origins	mid to late 1960s US
Typical instruments	Guitar - prominent Bass - Drums - Horns - Keyboards (Hammond organ, Clavinet, Synthesizer)
Mainstream popularity	High in the 1970s, later revival of funk beats in metal and hip hop beginning in the mid 1980s
Subgenres
Go-go - P-Funk - Deep Funk
Fusion genres
Afrobeat - Funk metal - Funk rock - Funkcore - G-Funk - Punk funk - Jam bands - Jazz Funk - Acid Jazz
Other topics
Musicians

Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended soul music, soul jazz and R&B into a rhythmic, danceable new form of music. Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells In a Symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn a brass instrument descended The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company A Clavinet is an electrophonic Keyboard instrument manufactured by the Hohner company The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Go-go is a subgenre of funk that originated in the Washington D P-Funk (also spelled P Funk or P Funk) is a shorthand term for the repertoire and performers associated with George Clinton and the Parliament-Funkadelic Deep Funk is a genre of Funk music which unlike traditional mainstream funk has a more soulful rawer grittier and "heavier" sound Afrobeat is a combination of Yoruba music, Jazz, Highlife, and Funk Rhythms fused with percussion and Vocal Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements G-funk, or Gangsta Funk, is a type of Hip hop music that emerged from West Coast Gangsta rap in the early 1990s Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements Jam bands (or jambands) are musical groups whose albums and live performances relate to a fan culture which originated with the 1960s group Grateful Dead and continued Jazz-funk is a sub-genre of Jazz music characterized by a strong Back beat ( Groove) electrified sounds and often the presence of the first electronic Acid jazz (also known as groove jazz in USA is a Musical genre that combines elements of Jazz, Funk and Hip-hop Most This is a list of Funk music artists This includes artists who have either been very important to the genre or have had a considerable amount of exposure (such The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Soul jazz was a development of Hard bop which incorporated strong influences from Blues, Gospel and Rhythm and blues in music for small Rhythmic contemporary, also known as rhythmic top 40, rhythmic contemporary hit radio or rhythmic crossover, is a music Radio format that Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Funk de-emphasizes melody and harmony, and brings a strong rhythmic groove of electric bass and drums to the foreground. In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of Unlike R&B and soul songs, which had many chord changes, funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord. In Jazz, gospel, soul, and Musical theater, a vamp is a repeating Musical figure or Accompaniment. A chord progression (also chord sequence and harmonic progression or sequence) is a series of chords played in order

Like much of African inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments such as electric guitar, electric bass, Hammond organ, and drums playing interlocking rhythms. Groove is the sense of propulsive Rhythmic "feel" or sense of " Swing " created by the interaction of the music played by a band's Rhythm section An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells Funk bands also usually have a horn section of several saxophones, trumpets, and in some cases, a trombone, which plays rhythmic "hits". In a Symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn a brass instrument descended The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s

Influential African American funk performers include James Brown, Sly and the Family Stone, George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, Curtis Mayfield, The Meters, The Funk Brothers, Bootsy Collins, and Prince. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Sly & the Family Stone is an American funk, soul and rock band from San Francisco California. The bands Parliament and Funkadelic cannot be easily separated Curtis Lee Mayfield ( June 3, 1942 – December 26, 1999) was an American soul, R&B, and Funk The Meters were an American Funk band based in New Orleans Louisiana. The Funk Brothers was the nickname of Detroit Michigan, Session musicians who performed the backing to most Motown Records recordings from 1959 until 1972 William "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a Funk Bassist, Singer Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician Notable 1970s funk bands included Earth, Wind & Fire, Tower of Power, The Commodores, and Kool & the Gang though many of these most famous bands in the genre also played disco and soul extensively. Earth Wind & Fire is an African - American Funk band led by Maurice White that achieved worldwide success in the 1970s Tower of Power is a 10-member horn-based soul band from Oakland, California. The Commodores were a highly successful Funk / soul band of the 1970s and 1980s Kool & the Gang are a highly successful American Jazz / R&B / soul / Funk / Disco group Funk music was a major influence on the development of 1970s disco music and funk samples are used in most styles of house music and hip hop music, and it's also the main influence of Go-Go. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Go-go is a subgenre of funk that originated in the Washington D Funk even left its mark on New Wave, and its pulse was evident in post punk as well. New Wave is a Rock music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the 1980s Post-punk was a popular musical movement in the mid to late 1970s following on the heels of the initial Punk rock explosion of the early 1970s

Contents 1 Characteristics 2 History 2.1 Origin of funk 2.2 James Brown and funk as a genre 2.3 1970s and P-Funk 2.4 1980s and stripped-down funk 2.5 Recent developments 3 Funk rock 3.1 Characteristics 3.2 History 3.3 Subgenres 3.3.1 Funkcore 3.3.2 Punk-funk 3.3.3 Funk metal 4 See also 5 External links 6 Notes 7 References

Characteristics

Funk creates an intense groove by using strong bass guitar riffs and bass lines. Groove is the sense of propulsive Rhythmic "feel" or sense of " Swing " created by the interaction of the music played by a band's Rhythm section The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the Funk was built on Motown recordings, which put bassists such as James Jamerson to the forefront. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. James Lee Jamerson ( January 29, 1936 - August 2, 1983) was an American bassist Like Motown recordings, funk songs used bass lines as the centerpiece of songs. Notable funk bassists include Bootsy Collins, Bernard Edwards, George Porter, Jr., Louis Johnson and Larry Graham of Sly & the Family Stone. William "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a Funk Bassist, Singer Bernard Edwards ( October 31 1952 – April 18 1996) born in Greenville North Carolina, was a Bass guitar player and George Porter Jr (born December 26, 1947 in New Orleans Louisiana) is a bassist and singer in New Orleans most famous for playing with The Meters Louis Johnson (born April 13, 1955, in Los Angeles California, United States) is an American musician regarded as one of the best Larry Graham Jr (born August 14, 1946 in Beaumont Texas) is an American Baritone Singer, Musician, Songwriter Sly & the Family Stone is an American funk, soul and rock band from San Francisco California. Graham is generally credited with inventing the percussive "slap bass technique. In Music, the term slapping is often used to refer to two different playing techniques used on the Double bass and on the (electric Bass guitar. " Slap bass' mixture of thumb-slapped low notes and finger "popped" high notes allowed the bass to have a drum-like rhythmic role, which became a distinctive element of funk. Some of the best known and most skillful soloists in funk have jazz backgrounds. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Trombonist Fred Wesley and saxophonist Maceo Parker are among the most notable musicians in the funk music genre, with both of them working with James Brown, George Clinton and Prince. Fred Wesley (born July 4, 1943) is an American Jazz and Funk Trombonist, best known for his work with James Brown Maceo (pronounced 'may-see-oh Parker (born February 14, 1943) is a noted American Funk and Soul jazz Saxophonist, James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician Sometimes 1970s funk bands are divided to "hardcore funk" and "sophisticated funk", former concept referring to earthy sound in a vein of James Brown or Funkadelic while "sophisticated funk" refers to artists such as Earth, Wind & Fire or Brothers Johnson who use softer sounds and fill their albums with soul ballads.

Funk utilized the same extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody However, unlike bebop jazz, with its dizzying and complex rapid-fire chord changes, funk virtually abandoned chord changes, creating static single chord vamps with little harmonic movement, but with a complex and driving rhythmic feel. The VaMP Driverless car was one of the first truly autonomous cars along with its twin vehicle the VITA-2.

The chords used in funk songs typically imply a dorian or mixolydian mode as opposed to the major or natural minor tonalities of most popular music. Due to historical confusion Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to two very different Musical modes or Diatonic scales Greek The Mixolydian mode is a Musical mode or Diatonic scale. It has the same series of tones and semitones as the Major scale, except In Music, a scale is an ordered series of Musical intervals which along with the key or tonic, define the pitches However mode Melodic content was derived by mixing these modes with the blues scale. The term blues scale is used describe a few scales with differing number of pitches and related characteristics In the 1970s, jazz music drew upon funk to create a new subgenre of jazz-funk, which can be heard in 1970s recordings by Miles Davis and Herbie Hancock. Jazz-funk is a sub-genre of Jazz music characterized by a strong Back beat ( Groove) electrified sounds and often the presence of the first electronic Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer.

In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a percussive style, often using the wah-wah sound effect and muting the notes in their riffs to create a percussive sound. A wah-wah pedal (or just wah pedal) is a type of Guitar Effects pedal that alters the tone of the signal to create a distinctive effect intended to mimic Guitarist Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic were influenced by Jimi Hendrix's improvised solos. Ernest Isley (b March 7 1952, Cincinnati Ohio) is a member of the influential family music band The Isley Brothers. The Isley Brothers (ˈaɪzliː are a Grammy-winning American R&B / soul group Edward Earl "Eddie" Hazel ( April 10, 1950 – December 23, 1992) was a pioneering and influential guitarist in early Funk Funkadelic was an African American music band most prominent during the 1970s James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Eddie Hazel, who worked with George Clinton, is one of the most notable guitar soloists in funk. Ernie Isley was tutored at an early age by Jimi Hendrix himself, when he was a part of The Isley Brothers backing band and lived in the attic temporarily at the Isleys' household. Jimmy Nolen and Phelps Collins are famous funk rhythm guitarists who both worked with James Brown. Jimmy Nolen ( April 3, 1934 – December 18, 1983) was an American guitarist known for his distinctive "chicken scratch" Phelps "Catfish" Collins (born in 1944 Cincinnati Ohio ? --> is a Rhythm guitarist known mostly for his work in the P-Funk collective

History

Origin of funk

The word "funk", once defined in dictionaries as body odor or the smell of sexual intercourse, commonly was regarded as coarse or indecent. African-American musicians originally applied "funk" to music with a slow, mellow groove, then later with a hard-driving, insistent rhythm because of the word's association with sexual intercourse. This early form of the music set the pattern for later musicians. ^[1]

The music was slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented and danceable. In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm Funky typically described these qualities. In jam sessions, musicians would encourage one another to "get down" by telling one another, "Now, put some stank ("stink"/funk) on it!" At least as early as 1907, jazz songs carried titles such as Buddy Bolden's "Funky Butt. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Charles "Buddy" Bolden ( September 6, 1877 &ndash November 4, 1931) was an African American Cornetist and is regarded " As late as the 1950s and early 1960s, when "funk" and "funky" were used increasingly in the context of soul music, the terms still were considered indelicate and inappropriate for use in polite company.

The distinctive characteristics of African-American musical expression are rooted in West African musical traditions, and find their earliest expression in spirituals, work chants/songs, praise shouts, gospel and blues. West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. In more contemporary music, gospel, blues and blues extensions and jazz often flow together seamlessly. Funky music is an amalgam of soul music, soul jazz and R&B. Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Soul jazz was a development of Hard bop which incorporated strong influences from Blues, Gospel and Rhythm and blues in music for small

James Brown and funk as a genre

By mid-1960s, James Brown had developed his signature groove that emphasized the downbeat – with heavy emphasis "on the one" (the first beat of every measure) – to etch his distinctive sound, rather than the backbeat that was familiar to many R&B and soul musicians. James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The In Music performance and Music theory, the downbeat is the first beat of a measure in Music, the impulse that occurs at the In Music, back beat (also backbeat) is a term applied both to a specific style of Rhythmic Accentuation with accent on even ^[2] Brown often cued his band with the command "On the one!," changing the percussion emphasis/accent from the one-two-three-four backbeat of traditional soul music to the one-two-three-four downbeat – but with an even-note syncopated guitar rhythm (on quarter notes two and four) featuring a hard-driving, repetitive brassy swing. In Music, syncopation includes a variety of Rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced This one-three beat launched the shift in Brown's signature funk music style, starting with his 1964 hit single, "Out of Sight" and his 1965 hit, "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag. For the 1999 song see Guitars (Mike Oldfield album. " Out of Sight " is an R&B Song recorded by James Brown " Papa's Got a Brand New Bag " is a song written and recorded by James Brown. "

Brown's innovations pushed the funk music style further to the forefront with releases such as "Cold Sweat" (1967), "Mother Popcorn" (1969) and "Get Up (I Feel Like Being A) Sex Machine" (1970), discarding even the twelve bar blues featured in his earlier music. For the 1970 film starring Charles Bronson see Cold Sweat (1970 film " Cold Sweat " is a Song performed by James Brown " Mother Popcorn " (sometimes subtitled " (You Got to Have a Mother for Me " is a Song recorded by James Brown and released " Get Up (I Feel Like Being a Sex Machine " (usually known as just " Sex Machine " is a song recorded by James Brown in 1970 and released as Instead, Brown's music was overlaid with "catchy, anthemic vocals" based on "extensive vamps" in which he also used his voice as "a percussive instrument with frequent rhythmic grunts and with rhythm-section patterns . . . [resembling] West African polyrhythms. "^[3] Throughout his career, Brown's frenzied vocals, frequently punctuated with screams and grunts, channeled the "ecstatic ambiance of the black church" in a secular context. ^[3] Although "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and "Cold Sweat" were widely credited as the prototype songs that launched the funk genre, "Out of Sight" was the breakthrough hit that signaled the shift in Brown's sound to establish funk as a distinct genre. ^[4]

In a 1990 interview, Brown offered his reason for switching the rhythm of his music: "I changed from the upbeat to the downbeat . . . Simple as that, really. "^[5] According to Maceo Parker, Brown's former saxophonist, playing on the downbeat was at first hard for him and took some getting used to. Maceo (pronounced 'may-see-oh Parker (born February 14, 1943) is a noted American Funk and Soul jazz Saxophonist, Reflecting back to his early days with Brown's band, Parker reported that he had difficulty playing "on the one" during solo performances, since he was used to hearing and playing with the accent on the second beat. ^[6]

Other musical groups picked up on the riffs, rhythms, and vocal style developed by James Brown and his band, and the style began to grow. In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm Dyke & the Blazers based in Phoenix, Arizona, released "Funky Broadway" in 1967, perhaps the first record of the soul/rock n' roll era to have "funky" in the title. Dyke & the Blazers is a former American Funk band. The Buffalo band Dyke & the Blazers picked up on the Rhythms bass Phoenix (ˈfiːˌnɪks O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, Meanwhile, on the West Coast, Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band were releasing funk tracks beginning with their first album in 1967, culminating in their classic single "Express Yourself" in 1970. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band is a pioneering American soul and funk band.

The Meters defined funk in New Orleans, starting with their Top Ten R&B hits "Sophisticated Cissy" and "Cissy Strut" in 1969. The Meters were an American Funk band based in New Orleans Louisiana. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Another group who would define funk in the decade to come were The Isley Brothers, whose funky 1969 #1 R&B hit, "It's Your Thing", signaled a breakthrough in African-American music, bridging the gaps of the rock of Jimi Hendrix and the upbeat soul of Sly & the Family Stone and Mother's Finest. The Isley Brothers (ˈaɪzliː are a Grammy-winning American R&B / soul group " It's Your Thing " is an influential Funk single by the Isley Brothers. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Sly & the Family Stone is an American funk, soul and rock band from San Francisco California. Mother's Finest is a Funk rock band founded in Atlanta Georgia by Joyce Kennedy and Glenn Murdock in the early 1970s

1970s and P-Funk

In the 1970s, a new group of musicians further developed the "funk rock" approach innovated by George Clinton, with his main bands Parliament and, later, Funkadelic. Parliament was an African American music band most prominent during the 1970s Funkadelic was an African American music band most prominent during the 1970s Together, they produced a new kind of funk sound heavily influenced by jazz and psychedelic rock. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. The two groups had members in common and often are referred to singly as "Parliament-Funkadelic. " The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic gave rise to the term "P-Funk," which referred to the music by George Clinton's bands, and defined a new subgenre. P-Funk (also spelled P Funk or P Funk) is a shorthand term for the repertoire and performers associated with George Clinton and the Parliament-Funkadelic

"P-funk" also came to mean something in its quintessence, of superior quality, or sui generis, as in the lyrics from "P-Funk (Wants to Get Funked Up)" a hit single from Parliament's album "Mothership Connection":

I want the bomb. " P-Funk (Wants to Get Funked Up " is a Funk Song by Parliament. Mothership Connection is the fourth album by American Funk band Parliament, released in 1975 (see 1975 in music) I want the P-Funk. I want my funk uncut.

The 1970s was probably the era of highest mainstream visibility for funk music. Other prominent funk bands of the period included Stevie Wonder, The Brothers Johnson, Earth, Wind & Fire, Bootsy's Rubber Band, The Meters, Tower of Power, Ohio Players, The Commodores, War, Kool & the Gang, Confunkshun, Slave, Cameo, the Bar-Kays, Zapp, and many more. Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins on May 13 1950 name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris) is an The Brothers Johnson is a band consisting of American Musicians and brothers George ('Lightnin' Licks' and Louis Johnson ('Thunder Thumbs' Earth Wind & Fire is an African - American Funk band led by Maurice White that achieved worldwide success in the 1970s Bootsy's Rubber Band was a P-Funk band led by pioneering bassist Bootsy Collins. The Meters were an American Funk band based in New Orleans Louisiana. Tower of Power is a 10-member horn-based soul band from Oakland, California. The Ohio Players are a funk /soul band best known for their 1970's hits " Fire " and " Love Rollercoaster. The Commodores were a highly successful Funk / soul band of the 1970s and 1980s War is an American Funk band from California, known for the hit songs " Low Rider " " Spill the Wine " and " Kool & the Gang are a highly successful American Jazz / R&B / soul / Funk / Disco group Con Funk Shun is a former American R&B and Funk band popular in the 1970s and 1980s Slave was an Ohio funk band popular in the 1970s and early 1980s Cameo is a Funk -influenced R&B group that was formed in the early 1970's The Bar-Kays are a popular soul, R&B, and Funk group which began performing in 1966 and continue to perform today although with only one Zapp (also known as the Zapp Band or Zapp and Roger) was a soul and Funk band formed in 1978 by brothers Roger Troutman George Clinton also played a masterminding role in Bootsy's Rubber Band and several other bands he put together, including Parlet, the Horny Horns, and the Brides of Funkenstein, all part of the P-Funk conglomerate. Parlet was a female spinoff group from P-Funk formed by veteran background vocalists Mallia Franklin, Jeanette Washington and Debbie Wright

Already, in late 1960s, many jazz musicians — among them Horace Silver, Herbie Hancock (with his Headhunters band), Grover Washington, Jr., and Cannonball Adderley, Les McCann and Eddie Harris — had begun to combine jazz and funk. Horace Silver (born September 2, 1928) born Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silva in Norwalk Connecticut, is an American Jazz pianist Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer. The Headhunters are a popular Jazz-funk fusion band, best known for their albums they recorded as a backing band of Jazz keyboard Grover Washington Jr (December 12 1943 &ndash December 17 1999 was an American Jazz-funk / Soul-jazz Saxophonist. Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley ( September 15 1928 – August 8 1975) was a Jazz alto saxophonist of Les McCann (born September 23, 1935, Lexington Kentucky) is a Soul jazz Piano player and vocalist whose biggest successes came as Eddie Harris (b Chicago, October 20 1934; died November 5, 1996) was best known for playing Tenor saxophone, though Sometimes this approach is called "jazz-funk". Jazz-funk is a sub-genre of Jazz music characterized by a strong Back beat ( Groove) electrified sounds and often the presence of the first electronic Additionally, in the late 1960s work of Miles Davis (with girlfriend/wife Betty Davis) and Tony Williams helped to create Jazz fusion and influenced funk. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Betty Davis (née Betty Mabry) is an American Funk and soul singer Anthony Tillmon "Tony" Williams ( December 12, 1945 &ndash February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly

Funk music was exported to Africa in the late 1960s, and melded with African singing and rhythms to form Afrobeat. Afrobeat is a combination of Yoruba music, Jazz, Highlife, and Funk Rhythms fused with percussion and Vocal Fela Kuti was a Nigerian musician who is credited with creating the music and terming it "Afrobeat". Fela Anikulapo Kuti (born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, October 15 1938 – August 2 1997) or simply Fela, was

In the early 1970’s, when funk was becoming more mainstreamed, artists like Parliament Funkadelic, the Isley Brothers, Sly and the Family Stone, Ohio Players, Confunkshun, among others, were successful and getting radio play but according to Billboard Magazine, only Sly & the Family Stone had singles which made it to #1. In 1970 ‘Thank You Falletinme Be Mice Elf Agin’ hit # 1 as did ‘Family Affair’ in 1971 affording Sly and Funk crossover success and greater recognition unlike some of their equally talented but moderately popular peers before the onslaught of Disco around the middle of that decade which remained hugely popular thru the early 80's.

Disco music owed a great deal to funk. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Many early disco songs and performers came directly from funk-oriented backgrounds. Some disco music hits, for example "Le Freak" by Chic, included riffs or rhythms very similar to funk music.

1980s and stripped-down funk

In the 1980s, many of the core elements that formed the foundation of the P-Funk formula began to be usurped by electronic machines and synthesizers. Horn sections of saxophones and trumpets were replaced by synth keyboards, and the horns that remained were given simplified lines, and few horn solos. The classic keyboards of funk, like the Hammond B3 organ and the Fender Rhodes piano began to be replaced by the new digital synthesizers such as the Yamaha DX7. The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company A Rhodes piano is an electromechanical Musical instrument, a brand of Electric piano. The Yamaha DX7 was a Synthesizer manufactured by the Yamaha Corporation from 1983 to 1986, based on FM synthesis developed by Electronic drum machines began to replace the "funky drummers" of the past, and the slap and pop style of bass playing were often replaced by synth keyboard bass lines. For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an " Funky Drummer " (also known as " The Funky Drummer " is a Funk song recorded by James Brown and his band In Music, the term slapping is often used to refer to two different playing techniques used on the Double bass and on the (electric Bass guitar. As well, the lyrics of funk songs began to change from suggestive double entendres to more graphic and sexually explicit content. Not to be confused with Puns which employ multiple phrases A double entendre is a Figure of speech similar to the Pun, in

Rick James was the first funk musician of the 1980s to assume the funk mantle dominated by P-Funk in the 1970s. Rick James (born James Ambrose Johnson Jr) ( February 1 1948 &ndash August 6 2004) was an American musician His 1981 album Street Songs with the singles "Give It To Me Baby" and "Super Freak" resulted in James becoming a bit of a rock star, and paved the way for the future direction of explicitness in funk. Street Songs is a 1981 Rick James Concept album. Most of the songs on the record deal with Prostitution. " Super Freak " is a 1981 hit single produced and performed by Rick James for the Motown label

Prince used a stripped-down instrumentation similar to Rick James, and went on to have as much of an impact on the sound of funk as any one artist since James Brown. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician Rick James (born James Ambrose Johnson Jr) ( February 1 1948 &ndash August 6 2004) was an American musician James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Prince combined eroticism, technology, an increasing musical complexity, and an outrageous image and stage show to ultimately create a musical world as ambitious and imaginative as P-Funk or The Beatles. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 The Time, originally conceived as an opening act for Prince and based on his "Minneapolis sound", hybrid mixture of funk, rock, pop, R&B & new wave. The Time is a Funk and Dance-pop ensemble formed in 1981 They are close Prince Associates and arguably the most successful Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician The Minneapolis sound is a hybrid mixture of Funk, rock, pop, R&B & new wave that was masterminded by Prince in the Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure New Wave is a Rock music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the 1980s They went on to define their own style of stripped-down funk based on tight musicianship and sexual themes.

Bands that began during the 1970s P-Funk era incorporated some of the uninhibited sexuality of Prince and state-of-the-art technological developments to continue to craft funk hits. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician Cameo, Zapp, The Gap Band, The Bar-Kays, and The Dazz Band all found their biggest hits in the 80s, but by the latter half of the 80s, funk had lost its commercial impact. Cameo is a Funk -influenced R&B group that was formed in the early 1970's Zapp (also known as the Zapp Band or Zapp and Roger) was a soul and Funk band formed in 1978 by brothers Roger Troutman The Gap Band are a US R&B, Funk and Soul music group who rose to fame during the 1970s and 1980s with their heavily-charged dance anthems The Bar-Kays are a popular soul, R&B, and Funk group which began performing in 1966 and continue to perform today although with only one The Dazz Band is a former American Funk music band that was most popular in the early 1980s

Afrika Bambaataa, influenced by Kraftwerk, created "Electro Funk", a minimalist machine-driven style of funk with his single "Planet Rock" in 1982. Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957) is an American DJ from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the Kraftwerk (ˈkʁaftvɛɐk German for " power plant " or " Power station " is an influential Electronic music band from Electro ( electro-boogie, electro-funk) is a Genre of Electronic music directly influenced by the use of TR-808 and Funk " Planet Rock " is a 1982 song by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force. Also known simply as Electro, this style of funk was driven by synthesizers and the electronic rhythm of the TR-808 drum machine. Electro ( electro-boogie, electro-funk) is a Genre of Electronic music directly influenced by the use of TR-808 and Funk The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer was one of the first programmable Drum machines ("TR" serving as an Initialism for Transistor Rhythm The single "Renegades of Funk" followed in 1983.

Recent developments

While funk was all but driven from the radio by slick commercial R&B and New Jack Swing, its influence continued to spread. New jack swing, or "swingbeat" is a hybrid style popular from the late-1980s into the mid-1990s which fuses the Rhythms samples and production Rock bands began adding elements of Funk to their sound, creating new combinations of "funk rock" and funk metal. Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements Red Hot Chili Peppers, Living Colour, Jane's Addiction, Prince, Primus, Fishbone, Faith No More, Incubus and Rage Against the Machine spread the approach and styles garnered from funk pioneers to new audiences in the mid-to-late 1980s and the 1990s. Red Hot Chili Peppers are Living Colour is an American Funk metal band from New York City, formed in 1983 Jane's Addiction is an American Alternative rock band formed in Los Angeles California in 1985 Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician Primus is an American rock band currently composed of singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde, and Fishbone is an Alternative rock band that plays a fusion of Ska, Punk rock, Reggae, Funk, heavy metal and more Faith No More was an American Alternative metal band that formed in San Francisco, California from 1982 to 1998 Incubus is a Grammy -nominated Alternative rock band based out of Calabasas, California. Rage Against the Machine (sometimes shortened to RATM or Rage) is These bands later inspired the underground mid-1990s funkcore movement and current funk-inspired artists like Outkast, The Black Eyed Peas, and Van Hunt. Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements Outkast (typeset as OutKast) is a Grammy Award -winning American hip hop duo based out of East Point Georgia, a city The Black Eyed Peas is an American hip hop group from Los Angeles. Van Hunt (born March 8, 1977) is an American Singer, Songwriter, Multi-instrumentalist and Record producer.

In the 1990s, artists like Me'shell Ndegeocello and the (predominantly UK-based) Acid jazz movement including artists and bands such The Brand New Heavies, Incognito, Galliano, Omar and Jamiroquai carried on with strong elements of funk. Michelle Lynn Johnson (born August 29, 1968, in Berlin, Germany) better known as Meshell Ndegeocello, is an American Acid jazz (also known as groove jazz in USA is a Musical genre that combines elements of Jazz, Funk and Hip-hop Most The Brand New Heavies are an Acid jazz and Funk group formed in 1985 in Ealing, a Suburb of London, England. Incognito are a British band, widely regarded as one of the key members of the English Acid jazz movement Galliano was a London based Acid jazz group which started up in 1988 Omar Lye-Fook (born October 14 1968 in London) also known as Omar, is an internationally acclaimed British soul singer songwriter Jamiroquai is a Grammy Award -winning English Acid jazz / Funk / soul band However, they never came close to reaching the commercial success of funk in its heyday, with the exception of Jamiroquai whose album Travelling without Moving sold about 11. Jamiroquai is a Grammy Award -winning English Acid jazz / Funk / soul band Travelling Without Moving is the third album by Jamiroquai. Released in 1996 the album features the international hit single " Virtual Insanity 5 million units worldwide. Meanwhile in Australia and New Zealand, bands playing the pub circuit, such as Supergroove, Skunkhour and The Truth, preserved a more instrumental form of funk. Supergroove are a formerly defunct now re-grouped New Zealand funk band formed New Year's Eve 1989/1990 formerly named the Low-Down Dirty Blues Band Skunkhour was a Sydney-based Australian band that was active in the 1990s before disbanding in 2001 The Truth were a funk band from Melbourne, Australia active from 1993 to 1997.

Since the middle of the 80s hip hop artists regularly sample old funk tunes. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording James Brown is said to be the most sampled artist in the history of hip hop. James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The while P-Funk is the second most sampled artist; samples of old Parliament and Funkadelic songs formed the basis of West Coast G Funk. Parliament was an African American music band most prominent during the 1970s Funkadelic was an African American music band most prominent during the 1970s West Coast hip hop is a style of Hip hop music that originated in California in the early 1980s G-funk, or Gangsta Funk, is a type of Hip hop music that emerged from West Coast Gangsta rap in the early 1990s

Original beats that feature funk-styled bass or rhythm guitar riffs are also not uncommon. Dr. Dre (considered the progenitor of the G-Funk genre) has freely acknowledged to being heavily influenced by George Clinton's psychedelic funk: "Back in the 70s that's all people were doing: getting high, wearing Afros, bell-bottoms and listening to Parliament-Funkadelic. Andre Romelle Young (born February 18 1965 primarily known by his stage name Dr G-funk, or Gangsta Funk, is a type of Hip hop music that emerged from West Coast Gangsta rap in the early 1990s That's why I called my album The Chronic and based my music and the concepts like I did: because his shit was a big influence on my music. The Chronic is the Debut album of Hip hop producer and rapper Dr Very big". [2] Digital Underground was a large contributor to the rebirth of funk in the 1990s by educating their listeners with knowledge about the history of funk and its artists. Digital Underground is an alternative rap group from Oakland California. George Clinton branded Digital Underground as "Sons of the P", as their second full length release is also titled. Sons of the P is the third album from rap group Digital Underground. DU's first release, Sex Packets, was full of funk samples, with the most widely known "The Humpty Dance" sampling Parliament's "Let's Play House". Sex Packets is the debut album from the early 1990s rap group Digital Underground and is a Concept album about a drug that causes its taker to Sex Packets is the debut album from the early 1990s rap group Digital Underground and is a Concept album about a drug that causes its taker to A very strong funk album of DU's was their 1996 release Future Rhythm. Future Rhythm is the fifth album from rap group Digital Underground. Much of contemporary club dance music, drum and bass in particular has heavily sampled funk drum breaks.

Funk is a major element of certain artists identified with the Jam band scene of the late 1990s and 2000s. Jam bands (or jambands) are musical groups whose albums and live performances relate to a fan culture which originated with the 1960s group Grateful Dead and continued Phish began playing funkier jams in their sets around 1996, and 1998's The Story of the Ghost was heavily influenced by funk. Phish is an American Jam band noted for their Musical improvisation, extended Jam sessions and cult following The Story of the Ghost is the ninth studio album by the Jam band Phish. Medeski Martin & Wood, Robert Randolph & The Family Band, Galactic, Soulive, and Karl Denson's Tiny Universe all drawing heavily from the funk tradition. Medeski Martin & Wood (or MMW) is an American Jazz trio formed in 1991 consisting of John Medeski on keyboards and Piano Robert Randolph & The Family Band is a Multicultural American Funk and soul band composed of Robert Randolph Marcus Randolph (drums Galactic is a Funk and Jazz group from New Orleans, Louisiana, United States Soulive is a Funk / Jazz trio that originated in Woodstock New York, and is known for its solos and catchy upbeat songs Karl Denson is a Funk and Jazz saxophonist flutist and vocalist from San Diego California

Since the mid 1990s the nu-funk scene, centered around the Deep Funk collectors scene, is producing new material influenced by the sounds of rare funk 45's. Nu funk is a contemporary form of the 1970s musical genre Funk. Deep Funk is a genre of Funk music which unlike traditional mainstream funk has a more soulful rawer grittier and "heavier" sound Labels include Desco, Soul Fire, Daptone, Timmion, Neapolitan, Kay-Dee, and Tramp. Daptone Records is a Funk and Soul Independent record label formed by Gabriel Roth and Neal Sugarman and based in Brooklyn New York. Bands include Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, The Soul Destroyers, The Grits, Chris Joss, Speedometer, The Poets of Rhythm, The Neapolitans, Quantic Soul Orchestra, The New Mastersounds and Lefties Soul Connection. Sharon Jones & the Dap-Kings are a Funk / soul band They are signed to Daptone Records, where the Dap-Kings are the house band Frenchman Chris Joss is completely self-taught multi-instrumentalist and autonomous studio producer The New Mastersounds are a four-piece Funk band based in Leeds, England. These labels often release on 45 rpm records. Although specializing in music for rare funk DJ's, there has been some crossover into the mainstream music industry, such as Sharon Jones' 2005 appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Late Night with Conan O'Brien is an Emmy Award -winning American late-night Talk show hosted by Conan O'Brien on NBC

In the early 2000s, some punk funk bands such as Out Hud perform in the indie music scene. Dance-punk (also known as disco-punk, punk-funk and indie-dance) is a Music Out Hud was an electronic band formed in 1996 in the Bay Area of California and later based in New York City. In Popular music, independent music, often abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous Prince, with his recent albums has given a rebirth to the funk sound with songs like "The Everlasting Now", "Musicology" and "Black Sweat". " Musicology " is a song by Prince, and title track from his 2004 album Musicology. " Black Sweat " is a song by Prince that was released as the second single from his 2006 album 3121.

Funk has also been incorporated into modern Urban Pop & R&B music by many female singers such as Beyoncé Knowles with her 2003 hit Crazy In Love, Jennifer Lopez in 2005 with Get Right which samples James Brown's Soul Power '74 horn sound, and also Amerie with her song 1 Thing. Contemporary R&B (also known as R&B, urban) is a Music genre of western Popular music (predominantly American and Canadian Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4 1981 commonly known as Beyoncé (biːˈɑn " Crazy in Love " is a song by American R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles, featuring American Hip hop singer Jay-Z. Jennifer Lynn Lopez (born July " Get Right " is the Lead single from Jennifer Lopez 's fourth studio album Rebirth (2005 James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Soul Power is also the name of a fictional fighting style used by Street Fighter character Rose, and a super hero from the cartoon Static Shock (see Soul Amerie Mi Marie Rogers (born January 12 1978) better known as Amerie, is a grammy nominated multiracial ( African-American & Korean " 1 Thing " is an R&B song written by American singer-songwriter Amerie and Rich Harrison for Amerie's second studio album

Funk rock

Funk rock (also written as funk-rock or funk/rock) fuses funk and rock elements. A fusion genre is a music genre which combines two or more genres Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. ^[7] Its earliest incarnation was heard in the late '60s through the mid-'70's by musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Gary Wright, David Bowie, as well as Mother's Finest, Faith No More, and The Doors with Soul Kitchen, released on their self-titled debut album. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Gary Wright (born 26 April 1943, Cresskill, New Jersey, US) is an American Musician, most famous for his David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Mother's Finest is a Funk rock band founded in Atlanta Georgia by Joyce Kennedy and Glenn Murdock in the early 1970s Faith No More was an American Alternative metal band that formed in San Francisco, California from 1982 to 1998 This article is about the band For their self-titled debut album see The Doors (album; for the Oliver Stone film see The Doors (film; for Doors in computing

Characteristics

Funk rock is a fusion of funk and rock. Many instruments may be incorporated into the music, but the overall sound is defined by a definitive bass or drum beat and electric guitars. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The bass and drum rhythms are influenced by funk music but with more intensity, while the guitar can be funk-or-rock-influenced, usually with distortion.

History

Jimi Hendrix was the first well-known recording artist to combine the rhythms and riffs of early funk to his psychedelic rock sound. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Perhaps the earliest example is his song "Little Miss Lover" (1967). His live album Band of Gypsys features funky riffs and rhythms throughout (especially the song "Power of Soul") and his unfinished album also included a couple of funk-rock songs such as "Freedom", "Izabella", "Straight Ahead", and "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)", which many consider to have the funkiest opening riff of its era. Band of Gypsys is a Live album and a project by Jimi Hendrix, backed by Billy Cox and Buddy Miles, that followed Hendrix's First Rays of the New Rising Sun is an approximation of Jimi Hendrix 's projected next album based on recordings in the last months of his life mostly in 1970

Other pioneers of funk-rock evolved in the 1970s in the music of the British rock-band Trapeze, The Rolling Stones ( Miss You & Hot Stuff ), Led Zeppelin (The Crunge) & singer David Bowie with his hit song "Fame". This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Trapeze were an English rock band formed in March 1969 by vocalist John Jones and guitarist/keyboardist Terry Rowley (who named the band with guitarist Mel Led Zeppelin were " The Crunge " is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin from their 1973 album Houses of the Holy. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. " Fame " is a song recorded by David Bowie, initially released in 1974 and in remixed versions in 1990 The Mark III & IV lineups of Deep Purple (with Glenn Hughes of Trapeze, David Coverdale of Whitesnake and Tommy Bolin of The James Gang) featured mature elements of funk in such songs as "Sail Away (Tomorrow)" and "Coronarias Redig", enough of which was believed to prompt the exit of guitarist Ritchie Blackmore. Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertfordshire in 1968 Glenn Hughes (born in Cannock, Staffordshire, England on August 21, 1951) is a Bassist and Vocalist David Coverdale (born September 22 1951 in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, North Yorkshire) is an English rock vocalist most famous for Whitesnake are an English Hard rock band founded in 1977 by David Coverdale (formerly of Deep Purple) Thomas Richard 'Tommy' Bolin ( August 1, 1951, Sioux City Iowa - December 4, 1976) was an American-born Guitarist best James Gang was a rock band formed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1966 Though the band wasn't a huge commercial success the fame garnered by guitarist Joe For the rugby league footballer of the same name see Richie Blackmore (rugby league Richard Hugh "Ritchie" Blackmore (born American artists Frank Zappa and Gary Wright (My Love is Alive, good example of early Synth-funk as well), along with bands like Graham Central Station, Rufus, Mother's Finest, Funkadelic & the Isley Brothers (The Heat Is On & 3 + 3 albums ) all experimented with the blending of Funk & Rock rhythms. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director Gary Wright (born 26 April 1943, Cresskill, New Jersey, US) is an American Musician, most famous for his Graham Central Station was a funk band named after founder Larry Graham (formerly of Sly & the Family Stone) and is a pun on New York City Mother's Finest is a Funk rock band founded in Atlanta Georgia by Joyce Kennedy and Glenn Murdock in the early 1970s Funkadelic was an African American music band most prominent during the 1970s The Isley Brothers (ˈaɪzliː are a Grammy-winning American R&B / soul group 3 + 3 is a 1973 album released by The Isley Brothers for the Epic label under their T-Neck imprint

The Big Boys, Xavion(An Afro-American group whose Asylum/Mirage LP in '84 pre-dated Living Colour) & Rick James along with New Wave mainstays Blondie & the Talking Heads created their own sound mix of Punk Funk in the early 1980s. The Big Boys were a pioneering band who are credited with helping introduce the new style of Hardcore punk that became popular in the 1980s Living Colour is an American Funk metal band from New York City, formed in 1983 Rick James (born James Ambrose Johnson Jr) ( February 1 1948 &ndash August 6 2004) was an American musician Blondie is an American rock band that first gained fame in the late 1970s and has so far sold over 60 million records Talking head Talking Heads was an American New Wave band formed in 1974 in New York City and active until 1991 One famous funk rock song of the period was Another One Bites the Dust by British Rock icons Queen. " Another One Bites the Dust " is a 1980 Funk-rock song from the English rock band Queen. Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist

The genre's representatives from the late 1980s to present day include the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, Fishbone, Primus, Living Colour, Spin Doctors, as well as Prince & spinoffs The Time & one hit wonders Mazarati, who all have created, expanded and defined the Funk Rock style. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Red Hot Chili Peppers are Jane's Addiction is an American Alternative rock band formed in Los Angeles California in 1985 Fishbone is an Alternative rock band that plays a fusion of Ska, Punk rock, Reggae, Funk, heavy metal and more Primus is an American rock band currently composed of singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde, and Living Colour is an American Funk metal band from New York City, formed in 1983 Spin Doctors are an American Jam band / Alternative rock group formed in New York City, best known for their 1993 hits " Two Princes " Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician Mazarati was an American R&B band formed in the mid-1980s by former Prince and The Revolution bassist Brown Mark.

In the early 1990s, several bands combined funky rhythms with Heavy Metal guitar sounds, resulting in "Funk metal", where the emphasis is in using much Heavier distorted guitar sounds in the mix. Funk rock (also typed as funk-rock) is a music genre that fuses Funk and rock elements Funk Rock employs more of a lighter (crunch) distorted Guitar sound, and the musical emphasis tends to be more Beat driven with prominent Bass lines, more rhythmic in the R&B sense. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the

Subgenres

Funkcore

Funkcore is a fusion of hardcore punk and funk created in the 1980s. A Fusion genre is a music genre that fuses two or more other musical genres Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Hard, loud and fast guitars are featured, but unlike in most rock music, it does not overpower the bass, which is heavy and driving. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the Drums are often funk-influenced, but with intense hardcore-styled pounding. A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Synthesizers or horn sections sometimes make an appearance, although they are not integral. In a Symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn a brass instrument descended Examples of funkcore bands are Jungle Fever, Adequate Seven, and Big Boys. Jungle Fever is a 1991 Drama film directed by Spike Lee, starring Wesley Snipes and Annabella Sciorra. Adequate Seven were a seven piece punk funk band from the UK which blends music styles such as hip hop, hardcore, punk, The Big Boys were a pioneering band who are credited with helping introduce the new style of Hardcore punk that became popular in the 1980s

Punk-funk

Punk-funk (or funk-punk) is a mix of punk or post-punk songs with funk elements, very similar to dance-punk. Post-punk was a popular musical movement in the mid to late 1970s following on the heels of the initial Punk rock explosion of the early 1970s Dance-punk (also known as disco-punk, punk-funk and indie-dance) is a Music Some times, the punk influence is replaced by an alternative rock influence. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of The first appearance of this subgenre was in 1979, when Gang Of Four released their debut album, Entertainment!. Gang of Four are an English Post-punk group from Leeds. Original personnel were singer Jon King, guitarist Andy Gill, bass guitarist Entertainment! is the 1979 debut album by English Post-punk band Gang of Four. In the 1980s, bands such as Talking Heads, Blondie, Loose Ends, E. Talking head Talking Heads was an American New Wave band formed in 1974 in New York City and active until 1991 Blondie is an American rock band that first gained fame in the late 1970s and has so far sold over 60 million records S. G, Rick James, and The Clash made punk-funk become more famous. Rick James (born James Ambrose Johnson Jr) ( February 1 1948 &ndash August 6 2004) was an American musician For the debut album by The Clash see The Clash (album The Clash were The style was revitalized by "The New New York Underground Scene", such as The Rapture, Radio 4, Liars, !!!, Out Hud and LCD Soundsystem starting to mix their usual punk-funk with house, dub and hip-hop. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Underground music refers to a variety of post-1960s rock pop or dance subgenres that developed a Cult following despite their lack of Mainstream appeal visibility The Rapture is a prophesied event in Christian eschatology, in which Christians will be gathered together at the return of Christ; even Christians who have died Radio 4 is a band from Brooklyn who formed in 1999 They claim that their sound which has been described as " danceable punk," is "made in New Out Hud was an electronic band formed in 1996 in the Bay Area of California and later based in New York City. LCD Soundsystem is the musical project of producer James Murphy, co-founder of Dance-punk label DFA Records. House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino Dub is a form of music which evolved from Reggae in the late 1960s Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos.

Funk metal

Funk metal (sometimes typeset differently such as funk-metal) is a fusion genre of music which emerged in the 1980s. A Fusion genre is a music genre that fuses two or more other musical genres Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. ^[8] It typically incorporates elements of funk and heavy metal. It features hard-driving heavy metal guitar riffs, the pounding bass rhythms characteristic of funk, and sometimes hip hop-style rhymes into an alternative rock approach to songwriting. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with This article is about the poetic technique For the form of ice see Rime ice. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Faith No More, Living Colour, Rage Against the Machine, and 24-7 Spyz are such bands, as is Infectious Grooves or Suicidal Tendencies (Robert Trujillo's bass work)

See also

• List of funk musicians
• African American music

External links

• Soul Bible - Looking back at some of the best funk singles of the 1980s
• Global Funk Radio- live funk station
• NewFunkRadio Interntet Radio with lots of Funk 45s and a request function

Notes

References

• Vincent, Rickey (1996). Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-13499-1.  
• Thompson, Dave (2001). Funk. Backbeat Books. ISBN 0-87930-629-7.  
• Wermelinger, Peter (2005). Funky & Groovy Music Records Lexicon. -. ISBN 3-9522773-1-2.  

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic