A funicular, also known as a funicular railway, incline, inclined railway, inclined plane, or cliff railway, is a type of self-contained cable railway in which a cable attached to a pair of tram-like vehicles on rails moves them up and down a very steep slope, the ascending and descending vehicles counterbalancing each other. A cable railway (also known as an Incline or Inclined plane) is a steeply graded Railway that uses a cable or Wire rope consists of several strands laid (or 'twisted' together like a helix A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Slope is used to describe the steepness incline gradient or grade of a straight line.

The word is from the Latin funiculus, a diminutive of funis, "rope". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Operation

Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U. The Duquesne Incline is a Funicular, or Inclined plane railroad, located near Pittsburgh 's South Side neighborhood and scaling Mt The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern S. with full length parallel tracks

Passing track at Cape Point, South Africa

The passing track configuration of the Mount Lowe Railway as devised by Prof. Cape Point is a Promontory at the south-east corner of the Cape Peninsula, which is a mountainous and very scenic landform that runs north-south for about thirty kilometres The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Thaddeus Lowe.

The basic principle of funicular operation is that two cars are attached to each other by a cable, which runs through a pulley at the top of the incline. A pulley (also called a sheave or block) is a Wheel with a groove between two Flanges around its Circumference Counterbalancing of the two cars, with one ascending and one descending the slope — especially when transporting similar loads, such as passengers — minimizes the energy needed to lift the ascending car.

The usual engineering practice is to splice the cable ends together thereby creating a continuous cable loop. The cars are attached equidistantly on the cable loop. The cable is driven by any means of winching at one end of the run, and held taut by a tensioning wheel at the other. Other sheave wheels are employed to guide the cable to and from the drive mechanism and the incline cars. Locomotion is created by alternately reversing the direction of the drive mechanism so that the cars switch positions on the incline, that is, one up and one down.

In many cases, such as on the Duquesne Incline in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and most cliff railways in the UK, two parallel straight tracks are used. The Duquesne Incline is a Funicular, or Inclined plane railroad, located near Pittsburgh 's South Side neighborhood and scaling Mt Separate platforms are provided for each vehicle, and there is sufficient space for the two cars to pass at the mid-point. The wheels of the cars are usually single-flanged, resembling those on standard railway vehicles.

Up until the 1890s, this four-railed parallel-track funicular was the normal configuration. The originator of the passing track was Prof. Thaddeus Lowe with his Mount Lowe Railway in Altadena, California (1893-1938). Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe ( August 20, 1831 - January 16, 1913) also known as Professor T Physical Description The railway terminal called Mountain Junction was located at the corner of Lake Avenue and Calaveras Street in the unincorporated community In an attempt to negotiate the steep climb of Mount Echo, Lowe was informed by his chief engineer David Macpherson that the grading required to accommodate the usual four rails would be extensive and costly. David Macpherson may refer to David Macpherson (engineer (1854&ndash1927 Canadian-born American railroad engineer David Macpherson (tennis Most of the concern was caused by a large granite chasm that would require extensive backfilling and shoring. Overnight, Lowe came up with a configuration that employed three rails (now often just two), with four rails only at the dead center or passing section of the funicular.

Angels Flight, Los Angeles, California, USA three-rail configuration with passing track. Angels Flight is a landmark Funicular railway in the Bunker Hill district of downtown Los Angeles California, which claims to be the "shortest Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Cars used with a two- or three-rail configuration have flanges on both sides of the outboard wheels, which keeps them aligned with the outer rail, thus holding each car in position. The inboard wheels are unflanged and ride on top of the opposite rail, thereby easily crossing over the rails at the passing track, and avoiding the need for switches and crossings.

The Angels Flight funicular in Los Angeles employs the three-rail configuration. Angels Flight is a landmark Funicular railway in the Bunker Hill district of downtown Los Angeles California, which claims to be the "shortest Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Angels Flight uses separate cables for each car powered from a geared mechanism, rather than using a single cable attached at each end to the cars.

The Wellington Cable Car in New Zealand (which is a funicular) uses the two-rail configuration. The Wellington Cable Car is a funicular railway in Wellington, New Zealand. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Originally the system had two separate parallel tracks.

Some funiculars have four rails, with the upper and lower sections interlaced and a passing section in the middle. These usually have a single platform at each station. The Hill Train at Legoland, Windsor is an example of this configuration. Legoland Windsor is a child-oriented Theme park in Windsor Berkshire in England, themed around the Lego toy system

History

The Great Incline funicular of the Mount Lowe Railway (1893 - 1938). Arrow denotes location of ascending car on the Macpherson Trestle. Grade: 62%.

The earliest such railways were water-driven, allowing barge traffic of canals to ascend and descend steep hills. Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways An early example were the three inclined planes on the Tyrone Canal in County Tyrone that was in use as early as 1777. An inclined plane is a system used on some Canals for raising boats between different water levels Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common They were used primarily in the early 19th century, especially during the height of the canal-building era in the 1830s in the United States. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Events and trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Such railways operated by allowing water in feeder canals at the top of the plane to drive a turbine, raising or lowering a canal barge along a steep slope. A turbine is a rotary Engine that extracts Energy from a Fluid flow Along level sections, the railroads essentially operated as standard towpath canals, with the barges typically drawn by horse or mule. A towpath is a Road or Trail on the bank of a River, Canal, or other inland waterway

Examples of hydropower inclined plane railroads in the United States included the Allegheny Portage Railroad, part of the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, built in 1834 with ten planes as the first railroad across the Allegheny Mountains of Pennsylvania. Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may The Allegheny Portage Railroad was the first railroad constructed through the Allegheny Mountains in central Pennsylvania, United States. The Main Line of Public Works was a railroad and canal system built by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the 19th century Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Allegheny Mountain Range (also spelled Alleghany and Allegany) &mdash informally the Alleghenies &mdash is part of the vast Appalachian The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Similarly, the Morris Canal in New Jersey connected the Delaware River with the Passaic River using 23 planes, as well as a series of locks along the gentler gradients. The Morris Canal was an Anthracite -carrying Canal that incorporated a series of water-driven inclined planes in its course across northern New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The Passaic River is a Tributary of Newark Bay, approximately 80 mi (129 km long in northern New Jersey in the United States. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal Waterways.

One of the most famous funiculars of its time was the Great Incline of the Mount Lowe Railway in Altadena, California, designed by Andrew Smith Hallidie of San Francisco cable car fame. Physical Description The railway terminal called Mountain Junction was located at the corner of Lake Avenue and Calaveras Street in the unincorporated community Physical Description The railway terminal called Mountain Junction was located at the corner of Lake Avenue and Calaveras Street in the unincorporated community Altadena is an unincorporated Census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California approx Andrew Smith Hallidie ( 16 March 1836 &ndash 24 April 1900) was the promoter of the Clay Street Hill Railroad in San Francisco The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last permanently operational manually-operated cable car system and is an icon of San Francisco, California The Mount Lowe Railway combined its funicular, for raising passengers 2,800 feet (859 m) up the steep side of Mount Echo (elevation 3500 ft or 1067 m), with electric narrow-gauge trolley systems at each end. The Incline had three grade changes, starting with the lower end at 62% and easing to a 48% grade at the top. The cars were designed to adjust to the grade changes for the comfort of their passengers. A particular feature of the Great Incline was the use of only the three rails borne out of the need to reduce the width of the grading on the incline. An added advantage was the reduction of materials even though a complicated cable routing system was needed at the passing track. ^[1]

The funicular on Mount Vesuvius inspired the song Funiculì Funiculà written in 1880. Mount Vesuvius (in Italian Monte Vesuvio and in Latin Mons Vesuvius) is an active Stratovolcano east of Naples " Funiculì Funiculà " is a famous song written by Italian journalist Peppino Turco and set to music by Italian composer Luigi Denza That funicular was wrecked repeatedly by volcanic eruptions and finally abandoned after the eruption of 1944. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

World

The Uspinjača funicular in Zagreb

Main article: List of funicular railways

The city of Valparaiso, Chile, uses them as an integral part of the urban transport service. This is a list of funicular railways, organised place within country and continent Valparaíso (literally in Spanish: Valle Paraíso (Paradise Valley and also called "Valpo" locally is a major city in Chile There are more than 15, the oldest dating from 1883. Some of them are inside the historic quarter declared World Heritage by Unesco.

The Great Incline of the Mount Lowe Railway (above right) had multiple grades with cars that adjusted to the variations. Physical Description The railway terminal called Mountain Junction was located at the corner of Lake Avenue and Calaveras Street in the unincorporated community Physical Description The railway terminal called Mountain Junction was located at the corner of Lake Avenue and Calaveras Street in the unincorporated community The gentlest grade was 48%. The grade (or gradient or pitch or slope) of any physical feature such as a Hill, Stream, Roof, railroad, or The steepest was 62%.

The Niesenbahn in the Swiss Kandertal is the longest continuous-cable funicular in Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

Water-powered funiculars include the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway in North Devon, England; the CAT Funicular at the Centre for Alternative Technology in Gwynedd, Wales; the Nerobergbahn in Wiesbaden, Germany; and Bom Jesus funicular in Braga, Portugal (the oldest, still working, in the world). The Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway is a water-powered Funicular railway joining the twin towns of Lynton and Lynmouth on the rugged coast of North Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT (Canolfan Dechnoleg Amgen is an eco -centre in Powys, mid- Wales, dedicated to demonstrating and teaching History Gwynedd was an independent kingdom from the end of the Roman period until the 13th Century when it was conquered and subjugated by England The Nerobergbahn is a funicular railway in the city of Wiesbaden, Germany. Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Bom Jesus funicular (Elevador do Bom Jesus is a Funicular located in Bom Jesus do Monte, city of Braga, Portugal. Braga (ˈBrag-uh a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the district of Braga, the oldest archdiocese Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has two funiculars that travel between the top of the Mount Washington hillside to Station Square at the base of the mountain along the Monongahela River. Mount Washington may refer to Mountains and summits Canada Mount Washington (British Columbia United States Station Square is a 52 acre indoor and outdoor shopping dining and entertainment complex located in the South Shore neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The Monongahela River (məˌnɒŋɡəˈheɪlə also known locally as the Mon /ˈmɒn/ is a River on the Allegheny Plateau in North-Central It serves as a tourist attraction and mass transit system.

Naples, (Italy), is served by four funiculars. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Chiaia Funicular was built in 1889, then followed within two years by the Funicolare of Montesanto (Montesanto Funicular), and after some years by Central Funicular and Mergellina. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common But the most famous funicular in Naples was the Mount Vesuvius Funicular (1880-1944), the first railway track in the world built on an active volcano and destroyed various times by Vesuvius eruptions. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Mount Vesuvius (in Italian Monte Vesuvio and in Latin Mons Vesuvius) is an active Stratovolcano east of Naples Later partially modified to became rack railway in its last tract, it was definitively destroyed by eruption in 1944 and never built again. A cog railway, rack-and-pinion railway or rack railway is a Railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. It is worldwide famous due to the fact that neapolitan sing Funiculì Funiculà was dedicated to it. " Funiculì Funiculà " is a famous song written by Italian journalist Peppino Turco and set to music by Italian composer Luigi Denza

The Johnstown Inclined Plane (built 1890), located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania in the United States, claims to be the world's steepest passenger funicular. Chattanooga, Tennessee is home to the funicular Lookout Mountain Incline Railway (built 1895) that travels from the base to the top of Lookout Mountain, which also claims to be the steepest funicular in the world also with a maximum grade of 72 degrees. The Lookout Mountain Incline Railway is an Inclined plane railway located along the side of Lookout Mountain in Chattanooga Tennessee, in the Lookout Mountain, actually a Plateau, is located at the northwest corner of Georgia, the northeast corner of Alabama, and along the southern border

There is one in Katoomba in Australia. Its center supports multiple tourist attractions such as the sky rail and cable car. The railway is on the old mining track and is 52% at its steepest point.

Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California has a funicular which takes guests up the Mountain from an area near the park entrance to a station near the Ninja coaster entrance. Six Flags Inc (commonly Six Flags) is one of the world's largest chains of Amusement parks and Theme parks, based on quantity of properties It was simply called "Funicular" for many years, introducing thousands of people to the peculiar word, but is now known as the "Orient Express" to fit in with the Far Eastern theming at the top of the Mountain.

Niagara Falls, Canada also makes use of funiculars that enable easy access to hotels above the falls. The Niagara Falls are massive Waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian province of Ontario Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page It is known as the Falls Incline Railway, originally known as the Horseshoe Falls Incline. The Falls Incline Railway, originally known as the Horseshoe Falls Incline, is a funicular railway in the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario,

Private funiculars

Private funiculars are installed on steep sections for easier access from the street to a house than by steep paths or steps. They are common in hilly cities like Wellington, New Zealand. Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island They are often called cable cars or even lifts (elevators), but have a small car for 2 to 4 people permanently attached to a cable from a winch, hence fall under the definition of funicular. The car runs on an inclined pair of rails (beams) or a single rail, at a slow speed (0. 3 to 1. 0 metres/second). Larger and faster models may give access to commercial buildings. Examples are: USA, NZ.

Gallery

Monongahela Incline in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Duquesne Incline in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Dockside funicular at Chongqing, China	Also at Chongqing, these adjust for varying water levels. Chongqing ( Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
Castle Hill Funicular Budapest, Hungary	Cars passing on the funicular railway on Cairn Gorm, Scotland	Funicular in the island of Capri, Italy	The mis-titled Wellington Cable Car, Wellington
Funicular cars passing midway on Kintetsu Ikoma Cable Line of Mount Ikoma, Japan. The Budapest Castle Hill Funicular or Budavári Sikló is a funicular railway in the city of Budapest, in Hungary. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Cairn Gorm, also commonly referred to as Cairngorm ( Gaelic: An Càrn Gorm, meaning Blue Hill) is a Mountain in the Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Wellington Cable Car is a funicular railway in Wellington, New Zealand. Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the named Kinki Nippon Railway Co Ltd in English (a full translation of its Japanese name until June 27, 2003, is a Japanese rail transit corporation Basic data Lines and distances Hōzanji Line Toriimae - Hōzanji 0 is a mountain on the border of Nara Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.	The Fourth Street Elevator in Dubuque, Iowa	Note the angled floor and two levels - Fribourg, Switzerland	A car on the Carmelit subway in Haifa, Israel
The upper section of Penang Hill funicular	Peak Tram of Hong Kong, China	Johnstown Inclined Plane in Pennsylvania	View from the top of the Old Quebec Funicular in Quebec City
Montmartre funicular in Paris	Ljubljana Castle funicular, Ljubljana, Slovenia	Guindais funicular in Porto, Portugal	Ascensor Artillería Valparaiso, Chile
Fløibanen in Bergen, Norway	Funicular in Saltburn, UK	Funicular in Åre, Sweden	Funicular at Cape Point, South Africa
Funicular Train in Montecatini Alto, Italy	Funicular at Monserrate Hill in Bogotá, Colombia	Former Mount Royal Funicular Railway, Montreal, circa 1900

See also

Notes

1. ^ The Mount Lowe Railway was opened on July 4, 1893. The Fourth Street Elevator is a funicular railway located in Dubuque Iowa. Dubuque is a city in the US State of Iowa, located along the Mississippi River. Fribourg ( French) (Freiburg or de Freiburg im [[Üechtland]], often Fribourg) is the capital of the Swiss canton of The Carmelit is an underground funicular railway in Haifa, Israel. Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Penang Hill is a Hill resort comprising a group of peaks the major hill system of Penang, Malaysia. The Peak Tramway ( is a Funicular railway in Hong Kong, which carries both tourists and residents to the upper levels of Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Johnstown Inclined Plane, located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania in the United States, is the world's steepest vehicular inclined plane. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Old Quebec Funicular (Funiculaire du Vieux-Québec is a funicular railway in the Old Quebec neighbourhood of the city of Quebec in Canada Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province The Montmartre funicular is a Funicular railway serving the Montmartre neighborhood of Paris, France, in the Eighteenth arrondissement Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Ljubljana ( is the largest and Capital city of Slovenia. It is located in the center of the country and is a mid-sized city of some 270000 inhabitants Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Valparaíso (literally in Spanish: Valle Paraíso (Paradise Valley and also called "Valpo" locally is a major city in Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Fløibanen is a Funicular in Bergen Norway which runs up the mountain of Fløyen. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Saltburn-by-the-Sea is a Seaside resort in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England Åre (pronounced ore-eh) is a skiing resort (pop 1300 in Åre Municipality, Jämtland County, Sweden. Cape Point is a Promontory at the south-east corner of the Cape Peninsula, which is a mountainous and very scenic landform that runs north-south for about thirty kilometres The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Monserrate is a mountain that dominates the city centre of Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia. Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec An aerial tramway is a type of Aerial lift in which a cabin is suspended from a cable and is pulled by another cable A cable car is any of a variety of transportation systems relying on cables to pull vehicles along or lower them at a steady rate or a vehicle on these systems A cable car or cable railway is a Mass transit system using rail cars that are propelled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed A cable ferry or chain ferry is a means of water transportation by which a Ferry or other boat is guided and in many cases propelled across a river or other larger An inclined plane is a system used on some Canals for raising boats between different water levels An elevator or lift is a Transport device used to move people or goods vertically from one floor to another A Gravity railroad ( US) or Gravity railway ( UK) is a Railroad on a slope that allow cars carrying minerals or passengers to coast The Kaprun disaster was a Fire that occurred in an ascending railway car in the Tunnel of the Gletscherbahn 2 railway in Kaprun, Austria This is a list of funicular railways, organised place within country and continent A mountain railway is a Railway that ascends and descends a Mountain slope that has a steep grade. A cog railway, rack-and-pinion railway or rack railway is a Railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. A reaction ferry is a ferry that uses the current of the river to propel the vessel across the river Snow skiing is a group of sports utilizing Skis as primary equipment Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common By 1902 it was operated by Pacific Electric Railway. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Pacific Electric Railway, also known as the Red Car system was a Mass transit system in Southern California using Streetcars, It ran along tracks built around the edges of the foothills arriving at a final destination Ye Alpine Tavern, only 1,100 ft (335 m) from the Mount Lowe summit. Mount Lowe is a mountain on the southern fold of the San Gabriel Mountains. In 1936 the last of the standing buildings, the Tavern, was burned down, but the railway line was not abandoned until after the Los Angeles deluge of March 1938.

External links

• New York Times article on Pennsylvania funiculars
• Funimag, the first web magazine about funiculars
• Urban Mountain Railways and People Movers
• Video of Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway in action