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Full rigged sailing ship Christian Radich
Full rigged sailing ship Christian Radich

A full rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel with three or more masts, all of them square rigged. Christian Radich is a Norwegian Full rigged ship, named after a Norwegian shipowner Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal Spars which are perpendicular or square A full rigged ship is said to have a ship rig.

Sometimes such a vessel will merely be called a ship, particularly in 18th to early 19th century and earlier usage, to distinguish it from other vessels such as schooners, barques, barquentines, brigs, et cetera. A schooner (ˈskuːnɚ is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts Schooners were first used by the A barque, barc, or bark is a type of sailing vessel History of the term The word barc appears to have come from Celtic languages Description A barquentine (also spelled barkentine) is a Sailing vessel with three or more masts; with a Square rigged In nautical terms, a brig is a vessel with two square-rigged masts Also a full rigged ship may be referred to by its function instead, as in collier or frigate, rather than being called a ship. Collier is an historical term used to describe a Bulk cargo Ship designed to carry Coal. For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship In many languages the word frigate or frigate rig refers to a full-rigged ship. For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship

Contents

Masts

A French ship-rigged frigate of the late 18th century
A French ship-rigged frigate of the late 18th century

The masts of a full rigged ship, from bow to stern, are:

There is no recognised name for a fifth mast on a ship-rigged vessel (though this may be called the spanker mast on a barque, schooner or barquentine). Only one 5-masted full rigged ship (the Flying P-Liner Preussen, her masts: fore, main, middle, LAEISZ (else: aft-mast), mizzen) had ever been built until recent years when a few modern 5-masted cruise sailing ships have been launched. The Flying P-Liner s were the sailing ships of the German shipping company F Even a fourth mast is relatively rare for full rigged ships. Ships with five and more masts are not normally fully rigged and their masts may be numbered rather than named in extreme cases.

If the masts are of wood, each mast is in three or more pieces. The lowest piece is the mast itself, or may be called the lower. Above it, the pieces in order are:

On steel-masted vessels, the corresponding sections of the mast are named after the traditional wooden sections.

Sails on a mast

The lowest and normally largest sail on a mast is the course sail of that mast, and is referred to simply by the mast name: Foresail, mainsail, mizzen sail, jigger sail. In Sailing, a course sail is the principal sail on a mast This term is used predominantly on Square rigged vessels referring to the largest and lowest sail on

Above the course sail, in order, are:

The division of a sail into upper and lower sails, was a matter of practicality with regard to paying a crew big enough to handle the undivided sail of a big ship. In extreme cases, such an undivided sail in a big, late-nineteenth or twentieth century vessel would have been impossible to handle.

There is some variation possible here, for example some ships have only one sail set on the topmast, in which case it is simply called the (fore, main, mizzen or jigger) topsail and even more often on the topgallant mast, in which case it is simply called the (fore, main, mizzen or jigger) topgallant. If all seven sails are present on the foremast, the fourth sail from the deck on the foremast would (just as an example) be called the fore lower topgallant sail.

Jibs are carried from the foremast, and have varying naming conventions. A jib (also spelled jibb) is a triangular Staysail set ahead of the foremost mast of a sailing boat

Staysails may be carried between any other mast and the one in front of it or from the foremast to the bowsprit. A staysail is a fore-and-aft rigged Sail whose luff can be affixed to a stay running forward (and most often but not always downwards from a They are named after the mast from which the are hoisted, so for example a staysail hoisted to the top of the mizzen topgallant on a stay running to the top of the main topmast would be called the mizzen topgallant staysail.

In light winds studding sails (pronounced "stunsls") may be carried on either side of any or all of the square rigged sails except royals and skysails. A studding sail or studsail is a Sail used to increase the sail area of a Square rigged vessel in light winds They are named after the adjacent sail and the side of the vessel on which they are set, for example main topgallant starboard stu'nsail.

One or two spankers are carried aft of the aftmost mast, if two they are called the upper spanker and lower spanker. A spanker is either of two kinds of Sail. On a Square rigged ship the spanker is a Gaff rigged fore-and-aft sail set from and aft A fore-and-aft topsail may be carried above the upper or only spanker, and is called the gaff sail. A topsail is a Sail set above another sail on square-rigged vessels further sails may be set above topsails

See also

External links

Rigging (from Anglo-Saxon wrigan or wringing, "to clothe" is on Sailboats and Sailing ships the collection of A sail-plan is a set of drawings usually prepared by a naval architect. A sail is any type of surface intended to generate Thrust by being placed in a Wind &mdashin essence a vertically-oriented Wing.
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