Since the development of the internal combustion engine, people have looked for ways to increase its efficiency, in order to increase the fuel economy of the automobile. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense is the same as Thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance.
Although many technologies have had a beneficial effect on vehicles' fuel economies, claims as to the efficacy of some devices have clearly been bogus or misleading. Technology is a broad concept that deals with a Species ' usage and knowledge of Tools and Crafts and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense is the same as Thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier A right is a legal or moral Entitlement or Permission. Rights are of vital importance in theories of Justice and deontological ethics Efficacy is the capacity to produce a desired size of an effect under Ideal or Optimal conditions Deception (also called beguilement or subterfuge) is the act of convincing another to believe Information that is not true or not the whole truth as in
An early example of a "fuel saving gadget" sold with claims that were difficult to justify is the 200 mpg carburettor designed by Canadian inventor Charles Nelson Pogue. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means
A good thing to keep in mind when examining fuel saving devices is that most of these claim major increases in combustion efficiency, something that sounds attractive when you consider the average gasoline engine rarely exceeds 35% efficiency. However, the weak point of the engine is not converting the fuel into heat, but the heat into mechanical energy, hence the reason why many fuel saving devices don't work as claimed. On modern engines there is relatively little scope for improving combustion efficiency. Most of what can be legitimately achieved is done by reducing parasitic losses of accessories e. g. fans, water pump, and pumping losses by taller vehicle gearing.
One reason that ineffective fuel saving gadgets have had some success in the marketplace is that it is surprisingly difficult to measure the fuel economy of a vehicle. A marketplace is the space actual or metaphorical in which a Market operates Measurement is the process of estimating the magnitude of some attribute of an object such as its length or weight relative to some standard ( unit of measurement) such as Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance. This is because of the high level of variance in the fuel economy of a vehicle under normal driving conditions. In Probability theory and Statistics, the variance of a Random variable, Probability distribution, or sample is one measure of Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance. Consequently, it is extremely difficult to measure small changes to fuel economy. Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance.
The large degree of fuel economy variance means that due to psychological factors of selective perception, consumers can be mislead as to the effectiveness of a device. Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance. Selective perception may refer to any number of Cognitive biases in Psychology related to the way expectations affect Perception.
For this reason, regulatory bodies have developed standardised drive cycles that are useful for statistically significant comparisons of fuel economy. A driving cycle is a series of Data points representing the Speed of a Vehicle versus Time. In Statistics, a result is called statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by Chance. Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance.
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Vehicle Design Technologies
It is both easier and far more cost effective to design a vehicle to be fuel efficient than to modify an existing vehicle to improve its fuel economy. Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance.
Some effective technologies that can improve the fuel economy of an internal combustion engine vehicle include Fuel injection, Continuously variable transmission, Electrical motor assistance (known as hybrid vehicles), variable displacement, technologies to reduce vehicle weight, various friction reducing measures, and vehicle shell designs that reduce aerodynamic resistance (this doesn't improve engine efficiency, but reduces engine power needed to overcome drag, and consequently fuel consumption). Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an Internal combustion engine. A continuously variable transmission ( CVT) is a transmission which can change steplessly through an infinite number of effective gear ratios between maximum A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to propel the vehicle Variable displacement is an Automobile engine technology that allows the Engine displacement to change by deactivating cylinders, for improved Fuel Friction is the Force resisting the relative motion of two Surfaces in contact or a surface in contact with a fluid (e
A more comprehensive list can be found in the category Engine technology.
Retrofit devices
There are many devices currently being sold as "fuel saving devices" that have negligible or even harmful effects on fuel economy. An aftermarket fuel economy device is a device sold on the aftermarket that claims to improve the fuel economy and possibly the fuel emissions of a vehicle Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance. The US environmental protection agency has issued reports on a number of aftermarket devices that claim to improve fuel economy. Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance.
Some of these devices include:
Fuel additives
Materials which are added to the fuel include tin, magnesium and platinum compounds. Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Platinum (ˈplætɪnəm is a Chemical element with the Atomic symbol Pt and an Atomic number of 78 A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. The claimed purpose of these devices is generally to improve the energy density of the fuel by virtue of the materials added. Energy density is the amount of Energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit Volume, or per unit Mass, depending on the context although Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy Acetone is another additive, but may dissolve plastic parts in the fuel system. Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is a colorless mobile flammable
These should not be confused with fuel system and valve cleaner additives which remove contaminants from the fuel system and/or remove deposits on intake valves.
Magnets attached to fuel lines have been claimed to improve fuel economy by aligning fuel molecules. A magnet (from Greek grc μαγνήτης λίθος " Magnesian stone" is a material or object that produces a Magnetic field.
MythBusters
The popular U. S. television show MythBusters investigated the concept of fuel line magnets under very controlled conditions and found that they made no difference in the rate of fuel consumption. MythBusters is a Popular science Television program produced by Australian firm Beyond Television Productions originally for the They also tested the idea that adding a small amount of acetone to gasoline increases fuel efficiency (presumably without damaging the plastic parts of the fuel system. ) However, the result was that alhough there was no apparent damage the fuel system, the efficiency of the fuel actually decreased.
The show also noted that out of 104 fuel efficiency devices tested by the EPA, only seven showed any improvement in efficiency, and even then, the improvement was never more than six percent. [1]
Vapour transfer devices
Various devices claim to improve fuel efficiency by changing the way that liquid fuel converts to fuel vapour. Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense is the same as Thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy A vapor or vapour (see Spelling differences) is a substance in the Gas phase at a Temperature lower than its Critical temperature These include "Swirlers" to increase turbulence in the intake manifold and heaters. In Fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a fluid regime characterized by chaotic Stochastic property changes In Automotive engineering, an intake manifold or inlet manifold is the part of an Engine that supplies the Fuel / Air mixture to
Friction reducing measures
Reducing friction is undoubtedly a powerful tool in reducing fuel consumption. Hardened silica tyres have lower rolling resistance than standard rubber tyres. The Chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica or silox (from the Latin " Silex " is an Oxide This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction or rolling drag, is the resistance that occurs when a round object such as a ball or Tire This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires.
The typical lubricating oil used in engines has decreased in viscosity over the years. Lubrication is the process or technique employed to reduce wear of one or both surfaces in close proximity and moving relative to each another by interposing a substance called An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. However, using a lubricant with lower viscosity than the lubricant specified by a vehicle manufacturer may damage an engine. A lubricant (sometimes referred to as a "Lube" is a substance (often a liquid introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the Friction between them improving Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. A lubricant (sometimes referred to as a "Lube" is a substance (often a liquid introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the Friction between them improving Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input
Trip Computers
Many people use devices to monitor their fuel economy. Some vehicles have built in trip computers but many vehicles are not equipped with them. A trip computer is an onboard Computer device fitted to Cars which can generally record distance travelled average speed average fuel consumption and display Devices such as the ScanGauge can be used to monitor trip data along with other variables in order to save fuel.
See also
- history of perpetual motion machines
- Corporate Average Fuel Economy
- Emission standard
- EPA 2004 fuel economy report appendix M2
External links
- US EPA's report on fuel saving devices
- Tony's Guide to Fuel Saving Gadgets including a case study on Vaporate
- FCIC warning on fuel saving devices
- Better Business Bureau list of ineffective retrofit devices and glossary of terms. The history of perpetual motion machines dates back to the Middle Ages. Emission standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount of Pollutants that can be released into the environment
- Monitor Driving Habits shows how to use a trip computer to save fuel. A trip computer is an onboard Computer device fitted to Cars which can generally record distance travelled average speed average fuel consumption and display
- Reduced Fuel Consumption Device - How it works.
References
- ^ Episode 53: Exploding Trousers, Great Gas Conspiracy. Unofficial MythBusters: Episode guides (2006-05-28). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
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