Honda Tadakatsu, a famous fudai daimyo of the early Edo period

Fudai daimyo (譜代大名, Fudai daimyo^?) was a class of daimyo who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa in Edo period Japan. ( 1548 – December 3[[ 610]] also called Honda Heihachirō (本多平八郎 was a Japanese General (and later a Daimyo) of the The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. It was primarily the fudai who filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration.

Origins

Many of the families who formed the ranks of the fudai daimyo were families which had served the Tokugawa clan since before its rise to national primacy. Some of these include the Honda, Sakai, Sakakibara, Ii, Itakura, and Mizuno clans. The is a Japanese family claiming descent from the medieval court noble Fujiwara no Kanemichi. The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Nitta branch of the Minamoto clan, who were in turn descendants of Emperor Seiwa. The Sakakibara family (榊原氏 Sakakibara-shi) was a Samurai (warrior nobility family which held a number of feudal domains over the course of Japanese The is a Japanese clan which originates in Tōtōmi Province. The is a Japanese clan which came to prominence during the Sengoku period. The was a Japanese clan which claimed descent from the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamoto clan. Tokugawa Ieyasu's "Four Great Generals"- Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, Sakai Tadatsugu, and Ii Naomasa, were all pre-Edo era fudai, and went on to become fudai daimyo. The were four famous Japanese Samurai generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Sengoku Period through early Edo period: The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 In addition, some branches of the Matsudaira clan (from which the Tokugawa clan originated), while allowed to retain the Matsudaira surname, were fudai. The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan.

In the Edo period

As Tokugawa Ieyasu rose to power in the 16th century, his domains increased, and as his domains increased, he began to hand out landholdings to his vassals, so that one by one, many of them became daimyo.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings This was the birth of the fudai daimyo class. In contrast to the tozama, the fudai typically ruled small fiefs, many in strategic locations along the principal roads or in the Kantō region near the headquarters of the shogunate at Edo. A was a Daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. The, or domains, were the Fiefs of Feudal Lords of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their The is a Geographical area of Honshū, the largest Island of Japan. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the ^[1] High posts in the shogunate, such as Rōjū and wakadoshiyori, normally went to fudai. The, usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa Japan. The, or "Junior Elders" were high government officials in 17th century Tokugawa Japan. In addition, the post of Kyoto Shoshidai almost always went to a fudai daimyo. The was an important administrative and political office in the early modern government of Japan

Other clans which were not pre-Azuchi-Momoyama era retainers of the Tokugawa also came to be counted as fudai: the Ogasawara and Doi are among them. The came at the end of the Warring States Period in Japan, when the political unification that preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate took place The was a Japanese Samurai clan descended from the Seiwa Genji.

Occasionally, a family could be raised to or from fudai status. For instance, the Matsudaira clan to which Matsudaira Sadanobu belonged went from being a fudai^[2] house to being a recognized relative of the Tokugawa family. The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. ( January 15, 1759 - June 14, 1829) Japanese Daimyo of the mid-Edo period famous for his financial reforms which saved the is a Japanese term which denotes the status of a domain 's ruler as a recognized kinsman of the Tokugawa shogun. ^[3] Also, a hatamoto who had an increase in income which raised his income level over 10,000 koku became a fudai daimyo. A was a Samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. KOKU (1003 FM, "Hit Radio 100" is a Radio station in the United States territory of Guam.

Bakumatsu and beyond

Hayashi Tadataka, a famous fudai daimyo of the Bakumatsu period

Many fudai daimyo were involved in the vigorous political activity of the Bakumatsu, as well as the renewed military activities which occurred in that period. ( August 26, 1848 - January 22, 1941) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Jōzai Domain. Two such men of fudai daimyo background were Ogasawara Nagamichi^[4] and Itakura Katsukiyo^[5], who were two of the last rōjū, and actively worked for reform and strengthening of the ailing shogunate. ( June 29, 1822 - January 25, 1891, also known as "Tosho-no-kami" (by 1862 and "Iki-no-kami (by 1865 was a Japanese Samurai ( February 14, 1823 - April 6, 1889) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period. The, usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa Japan. Others, such as Matsudaira Munehide, were involved in diplomacy and foreign affairs. also known as, ( October 21, 1809 - December 20, 1873) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period who

In the Boshin War of 1868-69, some fudai houses such as the Toda of Ogaki and the Tōdō of Tsu sided with the Shogunate during the first battle at Toba-Fushimi. The was a Civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the The was a Japanese domain during the Edo period, located in Mino Province (modern-day Ōgaki, Gifu Prefecture) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period ruled by the Tozama Tōdō clan. However, after the shogunate's loss there, many fudai houses did not side with the shogunate or with the shogun's former army which moved northward and eventually set up the Ezo Republic. Background After the defeat of the forces of the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Boshin War (1868&ndash1869 of the Meiji Restoration, a part of the ^[6] Some remained neutral, while others (like the lords of Ogaki and Tsu) switched allegiances and openly supported the Imperial Japanese Army. The was a Japanese domain during the Edo period, located in Mino Province (modern-day Ōgaki, Gifu Prefecture) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period ruled by the Tozama Tōdō clan. The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Ogasawara Nagamichi and Itakura Katsukiyo led small groups of their retainers during the fight against the imperial forces. However, their domains had already been occupied by the imperial army, and were forced to participate in the war on the imperial army's behalf. ^[7] Only one fudai daimyo, Hayashi Tadataka of the Jōzai Domain, willingly left his domain early in 1868, and led most of his retainer force on behalf of the armies of the former shogun, in the fight against the imperial army. ( August 26, 1848 - January 22, 1941) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Jōzai Domain. was a domain of Edo period Japan located at a Jin'ya in Kazusa Province (modern-day Kisarazu, in Chiba Prefecture) ^[8] Also, a handful of fudai in the far north formed part of the Northern Alliance, fighting for the Alliance but not for the now-retired shogun. The Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei or was a Japanese military-political coalition established and disestablished over the course of several months in early to mid-1868 during the Boshin War

Most of the fudai in the country entered the Meiji era peacefully, and ruled their domains until the domains' dissolution in 1871. The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July The was an act in 1871 of the new Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to replace the traditional feudal domain ( han) system and to introduce After this, the former families of fudai daimyo became peers in the new Japanese nobility system. The was the hereditary Peerage of the Empire of Japan that existed between 1869 and 1947

References

• Bolitho, Harold (1974). Treasures among Men. New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Ooms, Herman (1975). Charismatic Bureaucrat. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• (Japanese) "Karatsu-han" (14 March 2008)
• Yamakawa Kenjiro (1933). (1854-1931 was a Japanese Samurai of the late Edo period who went on to become a noted physicist university president and author of several histories of the Aizu Boshin Senshi. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai.
• (Japanese) "Takada-han" on Edo 300 HTML (14 March 2008)
• (Japanese) "Shirakawa-han" on Edo 300 HTML (14 March 2008)