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 Fuchsia magellanica shoots with
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About 100; see text |
Fuchsia is a genus of flowering plants, mostly shrubs and can grow long shoots, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late 17th century, and named by Plumier in 1703 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566). Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The Myrtales are an order of Flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of Dicotyledons (not a member of eurosids I or eurosids II The Onagraceae, also known as the Willowherb family or Evening Primose family, is a family of Flowering plants The family includes about Charles Plumier ( April 20, 1646 - November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria, or A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree Charles Plumier ( April 20, 1646 - November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria, or Charles Plumier ( April 20, 1646 - November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria, or Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Leonhart Fuchs ( 17 January 1501 &ndash 10 May 1566) sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs, was a German Physician [1] The English vernacular name Fuchsia is the same as the scientific name.
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Description
There are about 100–110 species of Fuchsia. The great majority are native to South America, but with a few occurring north through Central America to Mexico, and also several from New Zealand, and Tahiti. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Tahiti is the largest Island in the Windward group of French Polynesia, located in the Archipelago of Society Islands in the One species, Fuchsia magellanica, extends as far as the southern tip of South America occurring on Tierra del Fuego in the cool temperate zone, but the majority are tropical or subtropical. Tierra del Fuego ( Spanish for " Land of Fire " in English tiˈɛərə dɛl ˈfweɪgoʊ] Spanish ˈtjerað̞elˈfweɰo is an Archipelago The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Most fuchsias are shrubs from 0. 2–4 m (8 in-13 ft) tall, but one New Zealand species, Kotukutuku (Fuchsia excorticata), is unusual in the genus in being a tree, growing up to 12–15 m (39-49 ft) tall. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Fuchsia excorticata, the New Zealand Fuchsia also known as Kotukutuku, is a New Zealand native tree belonging to the family A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or
Fuchsia leaves are opposite or in whorls of 3–5, simple lanceolate and usually have serrated margins (entire in some species), 1–25 cm long, and can be either deciduous or evergreen depending on the species. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round The flowers are very decorative pendulous "eardrop" shape, borne in profusion throughout the summer and autumn, and all year in tropical species. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also They have four long, slender, sepals and four shorter, broader, petals; in many species the sepals are bright red and the petals purple (colours that attract the hummingbirds that pollinate them), but the colours can vary from white to dark red, purple-blue, and orange. Hummingbirds are Birds in the family Trochilidae, and are endemic to the Americas. A few have yellowish tones, and recent hybrids have added the color white in various combinations. The ovary is inferior and the fruit is a small (5–25 mm) dark reddish green, deep red, or deep purple, edible epigynous berry containing numerous very small seeds. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. An epigynous berry or false berry is an Accessory fruit found in certain Plant species with an inferior ovary, distinguishing it from Many people describe the fruit as having a subtle grape flavor spiced with black pepper. For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Black pepper ( Piper nigrum) is a flowering Vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its Fruit, which is usually dried
Species
Felix Munz in his The Genus Fuchsia classified the genus into seven sections of 100 species. The majority of species, 94 of them, originate in Central and South America, West Indies, Haiti and Cuba. The other 6 species were found in New Zealand and Tahiti.
The vast majority of garden hybrids have descended from a few parent species. [2]
Section 1: Quelusia
.jpg/180px-Fuchsia_regia_-_blossom_(aka).jpg)
Species in this section have the nectary fused to the base of the hypanthium (tube). The hypanthium is cylinder shaped and is generally no longer than the sepals. The stamens are long and extend beyond the corolla (petals) (exserted).
- Fuchsia alpestris
- Fuchsia bracelinae
- Fuchsia brevilobis
- Fuchsia campos-portoi
- Fuchsia coccinea
- Fuchsia glazioviana
- Fuchsia hatschbachii
- Fuchsia magellanica
- Fuchsia regia
Section 2: Eufuchsia
Eufuchsia is the largest section of fuchsias. Fuchsia is a Genus of flowering Plants mostly Shrubs and can grow long shoots which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late-17th Flowers are perfect with convolute petals erect stamens that may or may not project beyond the corolla, the stamens opposite the petals are shorter. The fruit has many seeds.
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Section 2a: Ellobium
This section contains three species. Fuchsia boliviana is native to southern Peru, Bolivia and northern Argentina and is a medium evergreen shrub with large hairy mid-green UserPolbot. --> Fuchsia hypoleuca is a species of Plant in the Onagraceae family UserPolbot. --> Fuchsia loxensis is a species of Plant in the Onagraceae family UserPolbot. --> Fuchsia sylvatica is a species of Plant in the Onagraceae family
- Fuchsia decidua
- Fuchsia fulgens
- Fuchsia splendens
Section 3: Kierschlegeria
This section possesses a single species. This species has pedicels which are in the axils and are pendulous. The leaves are sparse and the sepals are reflexed and slightly shorter than the tube.
- Fuchsia lycioides
Section 4: Skinnera
The main characteristics of this section include a floral tube that is swollen above the ovary (future fruit). The sepals curve back on themselves and the petals are small or near absent.
- Fuchsia colensoi
- Fuchsia cyrtandroides
- Fuchsia excorticata
- Fuchsia perscandens
- Fuchsia procumbens
Section 5: Hemsleyella
The species in this section are characterised by a nectary that is fused with the base of the flower tube with petals that are partly or completely lacking. Fuchsia excorticata, the New Zealand Fuchsia also known as Kotukutuku, is a New Zealand native tree belonging to the family
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Section 6: Schufia
Plants in this section have flowers that are erect on the plant in a corymb like panicle. UserPolbot. --> Fuchsia pilaloensis is a species of Plant in the Onagraceae family A panicle is a compound Raceme, a loose much-branched indeterminate Inflorescence with pedicellate Flowers (and Fruit A panicle is a compound Raceme, a loose much-branched indeterminate Inflorescence with pedicellate Flowers (and Fruit
- Fuchsia arborescens
- Fuchsia paniculata
Section 6a: Jimenezia
- Fuchsia jimenezia
Section 7: Encliandra
Flowers on species in this section have flat petals, short stamens and are reflexed into the tube. Fruits contain few seeds.
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Cultivation
Fuchsias are popular garden shrubs, and once planted will give years of pleasure for minimal amount of care. The British Fuchsia Society maintain a list of "hardy" fuchsias that have been proven to survive a number of winters throughout Britain and to be back in flower each year by July. Enthusiasts report that hundreds and even thousands of hybrids survive and prosper throughout the British Isles.
Fuchsias from sections Quelusia (F. magellanica and variants, F. regia, etc), encliandra (some encliandra hybrids flower continuously), Skinnera (F. excorticata, F. perscandens) and Procumbentes (F. procumbens is suitable as a groundcover) are proven to be hardy in widespread areas of Britain. Some temperate species will survive outdoors in the temperate areas, though may not always flower in the average British summer.
Pests and diseases
Fuchsias are eaten by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, such as the Elephant Hawk-moth. This article is a list of diseases of Fuchsias ( Fuchsia × hybrida) Caterpillars are the Larval form of a member of the order Lepidoptera (the Insect order comprising butterflies and Moths Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The Elephant Hawk-moth ( Deilephila elpenor) is a large Moth of the Sphingidae family
Pronunciation
While the original pronunciation from the word's German origin is "fook-sya" /ˈfʊksja/, most English speakers tend to say "fyew'sha" /ˈfjuːʃə/. As a result, the word is often subjected to misspellings such as "fushcia" or "fuschia". In English, the other accepted pronunciation is "fyewk'see-ah", which is somewhat truer to the word's origin.
Among horticultural writers the fuchsia is jocularly referred to as "the world's most carefully spelled flower," a label which was apparently first given to it by Jimmy Barnes. Jimmy Barnes is a popular Australian rock singer He was born James Dixon Swan on April 28, 1956 in Glasgow, Scotland
History
Leonhart Fuchs was born in 1501. Leonhart Fuchs ( 17 January 1501 &ndash 10 May 1566) sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs, was a German Physician Leonhart Fuchs ( 17 January 1501 &ndash 10 May 1566) sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs, was a German Physician He occupied the chair of Medicine at the Tübingen University from the age of 34 until his death, on the 10th May 1566. Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen ( German: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the "Eberhardina Carolina" is a public university Besides his medical knowledge, according to his record of activities which was extensive for the time, he studied plants. This was natural, for most of the remedies of the time were herbal and the two subjects were often inseparable. A herbal is a book often illustrated that describes the appearance Medicinal properties, and other characteristics of Plants used in Herbal medicine.
In the course of his career Fuchs wrote De Historia Stirpium, which was published in 1542. In honour of Fuchs' work the fuchsia received its name shortly before 1703 by Charles Plumier. Charles Plumier ( April 20, 1646 - November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria, or It was Plumier who compiled his Nova Plantarum Americanum, which was published in Paris in 1703, based on the results of his plant-finding trip to America in search of new genera. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic
The fuchsia was in England in the 18th century when Plumier took some seeds there after his expedition. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored The species he took was Fuchsia triphylla flore coccinea where specimens appeared in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This may account for its reference under the name of "Thiles" in the Journal des Observations Botaniquesin 1725. Thiles was the name by which the plant was known in southern Chile where Plumier discovered it. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the
Professor Philip Munz, in his A Revision of the Genus Fuchsia, 1793 says, however, that the fuchsia was first introduced into England by a sailor who grew it in a window where it was observed by a nurseryman from Hammersmith, a Mr. Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in West London, approximately 5 miles (8km west of Charing Cross on Lee, who succeeded in buying it and propagating it for the trade. This was one of the short tubed species such as magellanica or coccinea.
This report is further embellished in various publications where Captain Firth, a sailor, brought the plant back to England from one of his trips to his home in Hammersmith where he gave it to his wife. Later on James Lee of St. James Lee is the name of James Lee (Canadian politician, Prince Edward Island politician James Lee (cricketer born 1838, Yorkshire cricketer Johns Wood, nurseryman and an astute businessman, heard of the plant and purchased it for £80. He then propagated as many as possible and sold them to the trade for prices ranging from £10 to £20 each.
In the Floricultural Cabinet, 1855, there is a report which varies slightly from the above. Here it says that F. coccinea was given to Kew Garden in 1788 by Captain Firth and that Lee acquired it from Kew. Kew is a place in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in South West London.
By this time plant-collecting fever had spread and many species of numerous genera were introduced to England, some living plants, others as seed. The following plants were recorded at Kew: F. lycioides, 1796; F. arborescens, 1824; F. microphylla, 1827; F. fulgens, 1830; F. corymbiflora, 1840; and F. apetala, F. decussata, F. dependens and F. serratifolia in 1843 and 1844, the last four species attributable to Messrs. Veitch of Exeter.
With the increasing numbers of differing species in England plant breeders began to immediately develop hybrids to develop more desirable garden plants. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. The first recorded experiments date to 1825 as F. arborescens Χ F. macrostemma and F. arborescens X F. coccinea where the quality of the resultant plants was unrecorded.
Between 1835 and 1850 there was a tremendous influx to England of both hybrids and varieties, the majority of which have been lost.
In 1848 Monsieur Felix Porcher published the second edition of his book Le Fuchsia son Histoire et sa Culture. This described 520 species. In 1871 in later editions of M. Porchers book reference is made to James Lye who was to become famous as a breeder of fuchsias in England. In 1883 the first book of English fuchsias was published.
Between 1900 and 1914 many of the famous varieties were produced which were grown extensively for Covent Garden market by many growers just outside London. Covent Garden (Pronunciation kɒvʌnt is a district in London, England, located on the easternmost parts of the City of Westminster and the southwest London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. During the period between the world wars, fuchsia-growing slowed down as efforts were made toward crop production until after 1949, where plant and hybrid production resumed on a large scale. [3]
Further information
There are many national societies and even more local societies throughout the world whose purpose is to encourage the cultivation and hybridisation of the genus Fuchsia.
Gallery
 Fuchsia paniculata |
 Fuchsia x hybrida, grafted standard specimen |
 Fuchsia x hybrida, flowers |
 Fuchsia sp. , flower |
 Fuchsia sp. Flowers, double (more petals than species specimen) |
.JPG/120px-25-05-06_(55).JPG) Fuchsia x hybrida, flower |
 Fuchsia x hybrida flower, grown in Canada |
 Fuchsia "Moonglow", flowers, grown in California, 2004. |
 Blue Eyes Fuchsia flower and buds, grown in a flower pot during the summer of 2007 in Michigan. |
 Foliage with Impatiens necrotic spot virus |
References
- ^ (1910. Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bunyaviridae. ) The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, 11th Edition: Volume XI, Franciscans to Gibbons The Encyclopedia Brittanica Company: New York, page 272. Retrieved on 2007-09-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France
- ^ Puttock, A. G. , Lovely Fuchsias, Gifford, London, 1959
- ^ Puttock, A. G. , Lovely Fuchsias, Gifford, London, 1959
External links
- Some fuchsia societies
- Other selected fuchsia sites
- Pictures of Fuchsia lycioides and Fuchsia magellanica in Chile.
- Find That Fuchsia
- In Ground Fuchsia Group In Ground Fuchsias in Australia.
Dictionary
fuchsia
-noun
- A popular garden plant, of the genus Fuchsia, of the Onagraceae family, shrubs with red, pink or purple flowers.
- (color) a purplish-red colour, the color of fuchsin, an aniline dye.
-adjective
- (colour) having a purplish-red colour.
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