| Frizzled/Smoothened family membrane region | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Frizzled |
| Pfam | PF01534 |
| InterPro | IPR000539 |
| PROSITE | PDOC50038 |
Frizzled is a family of G protein-coupled receptor proteins[1] that serve as receptors in the Wnt signaling pathway and other signaling pathways. Pfam is a large collection of Multiple sequence alignment and Hidden Markov models covering many common protein domains and families InterPro is a database of protein families domains and functional sites in which identifiable features found in known proteins can be applied to new protein sequences PROSITE is a database of Protein families and domains. It consists of entries describing the domains families and functional sites as well as amino acid G protein-coupled receptors ( GPCRs) also known as seven transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, and The Wnt '''signaling pathway''' describes a complex network of Proteins most well known for their roles in Embryogenesis and Cancer When activated, Frizzled leads to activation of Dishevelled in the cytosol. Frizzled proteins and the genes that encode them have been identified in an array of animals, from sponges to humans. Frizzled proteins also play key roles in governing cell polarity, embryonic development, formation of neural synapses, cell proliferation, and many other processes in developing and adult organisms. Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which Neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in Muscles or Glands [2] Mutations in the human frizzled-4 receptor have been linked to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, a rare disease affecting the retina at the back of the eye, and the vitreous, the clear fluid inside the eye.
The frizzled (fz) locus of Drosophila coordinates the cytoskeletons of epidermal cells, producing a parallel array of cuticular hairs and bristles[3][4]. In fz mutants, the orientation of individual hairs with respect both to their neighbours and to the organism as a whole is altered. In the wild-type wing, all hairs point towards the distal tip[4].
In the developing wing, Fz has 2 functions: it is required for the proximal-distal transmission of an intracellular polarity signal; and it is required for cells to respond to the polarity signal. Fz produces an mRNA that encodes an integral membrane protein with 7 putative transmembrane (TM) domains. This protein should contain both extracellular and cytoplasmic domains, which could function in the transmission and interpretation of polarity information[4]. This signature is usually found downstream of the Fz domain (IPR000024)
Contents |
Group members
The following is a list of the ten known human frizzled receptors:
- FZD1 (FZD1)
- FZD2 (FZD2)
- FZD3 (FZD3)
- FZD4 (FZD4)
- FZD5 (FZD5)
- FZD6 (FZD6)
- FZD7 (FZD7)
- FZD8 (FZD8)
- FZD9 (FZD9)
- FZD10 (FZD10)
See also
External links
References
- ^ Malbon CC (2004). Frizzled homolog 1 (Drosophila, also known as FZD1, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 2 (Drosophila, also known as FZD2, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 3 (Drosophila, also known as FZD3, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 4 (Drosophila, also known as FZD4, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 5 (Drosophila, also known as FZD5, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 6 (Drosophila, also known as FZD6, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 7 (Drosophila, also known as FZD7, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 8 (Drosophila, also known as FZD8, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 9 (Drosophila, also known as FZD9, is a human Gene. Frizzled homolog 10 (Drosophila, also known as FZD10, is a human Gene. Smoothened is a G protein-coupled receptor protein encoded by the gene of the hedgehog pathway conserved from flies to humans Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books "Frizzleds: new members of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors". Front. Biosci. 9: 1048–58. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 14977528.
- ^ Huang HC, Klein PS (2004). "The Frizzled family: receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways". Genome Biol. 5 (7): 234. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15239825.
- ^ Adler PN, Vinson C, Park WJ, Conover S, Klein L (1990). "Molecular structure of frizzled, a Drosophila tissue polarity gene". Genetics 126 (2): 401–416. PMID 2174014.
- ^ a b c Adler PN, Conover S, Vinson CR (1989). "A Drosophila tissue polarity locus encodes a protein containing seven potential transmembrane domains". Nature 338 (6212): 263–264. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 2493583.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic