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Fritz Strassmann
Fritz Strassmann
Fritz Strassmann
Born February 22, 1902
Boppard
Died April 22, 1980
Mainz
Nationality Germany
Fields Physicist, Chemist
Known for Nuclear fission

Friedrich Wilhelm "Fritz" Strassman (February 22, 1902 - April 22, 1980) was a German chemist who, with Otto Hahn in 1938, identified barium in the residue after bombarding uranium with neutrons, which led to the interpretation of their results as being from nuclear fission. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Boppard (Latin Baudobriga) is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into parts (lighter nuclei) often producing Free neutrons and other smaller nuclei which may Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 &ndash 28 July 1968 was a German Chemist who received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering Nuclear fission Strassman was recognized by Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial as Righteous Among the Nations. Yad Vashem (יד ושם also spelled Yad VaShem; "Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority" is Israel 's official memorial to the Jewish Righteous among the Nations (חסידי אומות העולם Chassidey Umot HaOlam) which may at times refer to the B'nei Noah or Noahides as well is a term used

Contents

Life and Career

Born in Boppard, he began his chemistry studies in 1920 at the Technical University of Hannover and earned his Ph.D. in 1929. Boppard (Latin Baudobriga) is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He did his Ph. D. work about the solubility of iodine gaseous carbonic acid. Strassman started an academic career because the employment situation in the chemical industry was much worse than at the universities at that time.

Strassman worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin-Dahlem, from 1929. The Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft is a German entity formally known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

In 1933 he resigned from the Society of German Chemists when it became part of a Nazi controlled public corporation. He was blacklisted. Hahn and Meitner found an assistantship for him at half pay. Strassmann considered himself fortunate, for "despite my affinity for chemistry, I value my personal freedom so highly that to preserve it I would break stones for a living. " During the war he and his wife Maria Heckter Strassmann concealed a Jewish friend in their apartment for months, putting themselves and their three year old son at risk.

Strassmann’s expertise in analytical chemistry was employed by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner in their investigations of the products of uranium bombarded by neutrons. Analytical chemistry is the study of the Chemical composition of natural and artificial Materials. Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 &ndash 28 July 1968 was a German Chemist who received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering Nuclear fission Lise Meitner (7 or 17 November 1878 &ndash 27 October 1968 was an Austrian born later Swedish physicist who studied Radioactivity and Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. In December 1938, Hahn and Strassmann sent a manuscript to Naturwissenschaften reporting they had detected the element barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons;[1] simultaneously, they communicated these results to Meitner, who had escaped out of Germany earlier that year and was then in Sweden. Die Naturwissenschaften ( The Natural Sciences) is a weekly publication of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Barium (ˈbɛəriəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol Ba, and Atomic number 56 Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. [2] Meitner, and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch, correctly interpreted these results as being nuclear fission. Otto Robert Frisch ( 1 October 1904 &ndash 22 September 1979) Austrian British Physicist. Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into parts (lighter nuclei) often producing Free neutrons and other smaller nuclei which may [3] Frisch confirmed this experimentally on 13 January 1939. [4] In 1944, Hahn received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the discovery of nuclear fission. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. Some historians have documented the history of the discovery of nuclear fission and believe Meitner should have been awarded the Nobel Prize with Hahn. [5] [6] [7]

In 1946 he became professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of Mainz and 1948 director of the newly established Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Inorganic chemistry is the branch of Chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of Inorganic compounds This field covers all Chemical compounds The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz is a University in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Max Planck Institut für Chemie - Otto Hahn Institut is a scientific research institute under the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. He later founded the Institute for Nuclear Chemistry.

In 1957 he was one of the Göttinger 18, who protested against the idea of the Adenauer government to force the Western German army with tactical nuclear weapons. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The Göttingen Eighteen (Göttinger Achtzehn was a group of eighteen leading nuclear researchers of the newly-founded Federal Republic of Germany who wrote a Manifesto Konrad Hermann Josef Adenauer ( 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967 was a German Statesman.

President Johnson honored Hahn, Meitner and Sraßmann 1966 with the Enrico Fermi Award. The Enrico Fermi Award is a US government "Presidential" award honoring scientists of international stature for their lifetime achievement in the development use or production The International Astronomical Union named an asteroid after him: 19136 Strassmann. 19136 Strassmann (1989 AZ6 is a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on January 10, 1989 by F

On April 22, 1980, Strassman passed away in Mainz. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Internal Report

The following was published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), an internal publication of the German Uranverein. Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte ( Research Reports in Nuclear Physics) was an internal publication of the German Uranverein, which was initiated The German nuclear energy project in Nazi Germany was informally known as the Uranverein (Uranium Club and it began in April 1939 just months Reports in this publication were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. Operation Alsos was an effort at the end of World War II by the Allies (principally Britain and the United States) branched off from the The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (literally Karlsruhe Research Centre the Helmholtz Association) is a research institution based in Karlsruhe The American Institute of Physics (AIP is an international body representing Physicists and publishing physics related journals [8] [9]

Bibliography

External links

Notes

  1. ^ O. Hahn and F. Strassmann Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle (On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons), Naturwissenschaften Volume 27, Number 1, 11-15 (1939). The authors were identified as being at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem. Received 22 December 1938.
  2. ^ Ruth Lewin Sime Lise Meitner’s Escape from Germany, American Journal of Physics Volume 58, Number 3, 263- 267 (1990).
  3. ^ Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction, Nature, Volume 143, Number 3615, 239-240 (11 February 1939). The paper is dated 16 January 1939. Meitner is identified as being at the Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Frisch is identified as being at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen.
  4. ^ O. R. Frisch Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment, Nature, Volume 143, Number 3616, 276-276 (18 February 1939). The paper is dated 17 January 1939. [The experiment for this letter to the editor was conducted on 13 January 1939; see Richard Rhodes The Making of the Atomic Bomb 263 and 268 (Simon and Schuster, 1986). ]
  5. ^ Ruth Lewin Sime From Exceptional Prominence to Prominent Exception: Lise Meitner at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry Ergebnisse 24 Forschungsprogramm Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus (2005).
  6. ^ Ruth Lewin Sime Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics (University of California, 1997).
  7. ^ Elisabeth Crawford, Ruth Lewin Sime, and Mark Walker A Nobel Tale of Postwar Injustice, Physics Today Volume 50, Issue 9, 26-32 (1997).
  8. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte.
  9. ^ Walker, 1993, 268-274.
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