Citizendia

Fryslân
Fraschlönj
Freesklöön
Freeskluin
Fresklun
Friislön
Fräislound
Freesland
Fraislaand
Friesland
Frisland
Frisia
Location of Frisia
Frisian settlement area (Frisian Coast)
Official languagesFrisian (Frysk, Frasch/Fresk/Freesk/Friisk, Saterland Frisian), Low German ((West Low German) East Frisian, Gronings), Dutch, German, Danish

Frisia (West Frisian: Fryslân; North Frisian: Fraschlönj, Freesklöön, Freeskluin, Fresklun, and Friislön’; Saterfrisian (East Frisian): Fräislound; East Frisian Low Saxon: Freesland; Gronings: Fraislaand; German and Dutch: Friesland; Danish: Frisland) is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory The Frisian languages are a closely related group of Germanic languages, spoken by about 500000 members of Frisian Ethnic groups who live on the southern West Frisian ( Frysk) is a Language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland ( Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands. Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian or Saterlandic ( Seeltersk) is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts West Low German (also known as Low Saxon) is a group of Low German dialects spoken in western portions of the German state of Lower Saxony East Frisian Low Saxon is a West Low German Dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the West Frisian ( Frysk) is a Language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland ( Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands. Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian or Saterlandic ( Seeltersk) is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language East Frisian Low Saxon is a West Low German Dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. e. the German Bight. German Bight (Deutsche Bucht Tyske Bugt Duitse Bocht Dútske bocht is the south-eastern bight of the North Sea bounded by the Netherlands and Germany Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language. A homeland (rel Country of origin and native land) is the concept of the territory ( Cultural geography) to which an Ethnic group The Frisians are an ethnic group of Germanic people living in coastal parts of The Netherlands and Germany. The Frisian languages are a closely related group of Germanic languages, spoken by about 500000 members of Frisian Ethnic groups who live on the southern English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Frisia extends from the northwestern Netherlands across northwestern Germany to the border of Denmark (Vidå). The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Vidå ( German: Wiedau, North Frisian Widuu) is a river in Jutland, Denmark.

Contents

Divisions

Frisia is commonly divided into three sections:

  1. Province Friesland in the Netherlands (West Frisia)
  2. East Frisia in Lower Saxony
  3. North Frisia in Schleswig-Holstein

The three groups of the Frisian Islands (the West, East and North Frisian Islands) stretch more or less correspondingly along these three sections of the German Bight coast. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known East Frisia or Eastern Friesland ( Low Saxon: Oostfreesland, German Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second North Frisia or Northern Friesland (Nordfriesland is the northernmost portion of Frisia, located primarily in Germany between the rivers Eider is the northernmost of the 16 ''Bundesländer'' in Germany. The former English name was Sleswick-Holsatia the Danish name is ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}The Frisian Islands, also known as the Wadden Islands or Wadden Sea Islands, form an Archipelago at the eastern edge of The West Frisian Islands ( Waddeneilanden) are a chain of Islands in the North Sea off the Dutch coast The East Frisian Islands (German Ostfriesische Inseln) are a chain of islands in the North Sea, off the coast of Lower Saxony, Germany. The North Frisian Islands are a group of islands in the Wadden Sea, a part of the North Sea, off the western coast of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany German Bight (Deutsche Bucht Tyske Bugt Duitse Bocht Dútske bocht is the south-eastern bight of the North Sea bounded by the Netherlands and Germany

West Frisia corresponds roughly to the Dutch province of Friesland, the northern part of North Holland province (the historical region of West Friesland, the westernmost portion of the traditional region of West Frisia), and also modern Groningen province, though the Western Frisian language is only spoken in Friesland proper. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known North Holland ( Dutch: Noord-Holland,, West Frisian: Noôrd-Holland) is a province situated on the North Sea in the West Friesland (also West Frisia; Dutch: West-Friesland; West Frisian language: West-Fryslân) is a historical region in the West Friesland (also West Frisia; Dutch: West-Friesland; West Frisian language: West-Fryslân) is a historical region in the Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. Dialects with strong Frisian substrates, including (Low German and Low Franconian, are also spoken in West Frisia. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of In Contact linguistics, a substratum ( lat sub: under + stratum: layer → lower layer) is a Language Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Low Franconian, or Low Frankish, is a group of several West Germanic Languages spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium ( In the northern province of Groningen, people speak Gronings, a Low Saxon dialect with a strong Frisian substrate. Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts

East Frisia includes areas located in the northwest of the German state of Lower Saxony, including the districts of Aurich, Leer, Wittmund and Friesland, as well as the urban districts of Emden and Wilhelmshaven, the Saterland, the Land Wursten a former Rüstringen (Butjadingen). Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second Aurich is a district ( Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise the North Sea, the districts Leer is a district ( Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise the City of Emden, the Wittmund is a Landkreis (district in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. Friesland is a district ( Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. Emden is a City and Seaport in the northwest of Germany, on River Ems. Wilhelmshaven (vɪlhɛlmsˈhaːfən is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Saterland ( Saterland Frisian: Seelterlound) is a Municipality in the district of Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany Land Wursten is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality" in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Butjadingen is a Peninsula and Municipality in the Wesermarsch districts in Lower Saxony, Germany. East Frisia is also the name of a historical county in that area. East Frisia or Eastern Friesland ( Low Saxon: Oostfreesland, German Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the The German name "Ostfriesland" distinguishes the former county from "Ost-Friesland", which means the whole eastern Frisian area.

The portions of North Frisia within the German state of Schleswig-Holstein are part of the district of Nordfriesland and stretch along the coast, including the coastal islands from the Eider River to the border of Denmark in the north. is the northernmost of the 16 ''Bundesländer'' in Germany. The former English name was Sleswick-Holsatia the Danish name is Nordfriesland, English " Northern Friesland " or " North Frisia " is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Eider ( German: Eider; Danish: Ejderen; Latin: Egdor or Egdore) is the longest river of the German The North Sea island of Heligoland, while not part of Nordfriesland district, is also part of traditional North Frisia. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. Heligoland (Helgoland Heligolandic: deät Lun) is a small German Archipelago in the North Sea.

A half-million Frisians in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands speak West Frisian. West Frisian ( Frysk) is a Language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland ( Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands. Several thousand people in Nordfriesland and Heligoland in Germany speak a collection of North Frisian dialects that are often unintelligible to each other. A small number Saterland Frisian language speakers live in four villages in Lower Saxony, in the Saterland region of Cloppenburg county, just beyond the boundaries of traditional East Frisia. Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian or Saterlandic ( Seeltersk) is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second Saterland ( Saterland Frisian: Seelterlound) is a Municipality in the district of Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany Cloppenburg is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, capital of Cloppenburg District. East Frisia or Eastern Friesland ( Low Saxon: Oostfreesland, German Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the Many Frisians speak Low Saxon dialects, especially in East Frisia, but also in West and North Frisia.

History

Frisia has changed dramatically over time, both through floods and through a change in identity.

Roman times

The Frisians began settling in Frisia around 500 BC. According to Pliny the Younger, in Roman times, the Frisians (or, as it may be, their close neighbours, the Chauci) lived on terps, man-made hills. Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61/63 - ca The Chauci were a populous Germanic tribe that inhabited the extreme northwestern shore of Germany between Frisia in the west and the Elbe estuary An artificial dwelling hill (known as Terp, Wierde, Woerd, Warf, Warft, Werf, Wurt and Værft) is According to other sources, the Frisians lived along a broader expanse of the North Sea (or "Frisian Sea") coast.

Frisia at this time comprised the present provinces of Friesland and North Holland. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known North Holland ( Dutch: Noord-Holland,, West Frisian: Noôrd-Holland) is a province situated on the North Sea in the

Kingdom of Frisia

The Frisian Realm during its great expansion
The Frisian Realm during its great expansion

East Anglian sources called the inhabitants of 'Frisia' Warnii instead of Frisians. In the 7th and 8th centuries, the Frankish chronologies mention this area as the kingdom of the Frisians. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group However, these were probably not the Frisians of Roman times. This kingdom comprised the coastal provinces of the Netherlands and the German North Sea coast. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. During this time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast and, today, this region is sometimes referred to as Greater Frisia or Frisia Magna. The 7th-century Frisian realm (650-734) under the kings Aldegisel and Redbad, had its centre of power in the city Utrecht. Events By Place Asia The first Chinese Paper money is issued yet these banknotes will not become government-issued Events Births Deaths Bilge Khan, Göktürk emperor Map-bms734 Zh-yue734年 Aldegisel, Aldegisl, Aldgillis, Aldgisl, Aldgils or Eadgils (fl Radbod or Redbad (died 719 was the duke (or king of Frisia from c Its end came in 734 at the Battle of the Boarn, when the Frisians were defeated by the Franks, who then conquered the western part up to the Lauwers. The Battle of the Boarn (Dutch Slag aan de Boorne Frisian Slach oan de Boarn was an eighth century battle between the Franks and the Frisians near the mouth The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Lauwers is a River in the Netherlands. It forms part of the border between the provinces of Friesland and Groningen. They conquered the area east of the Lauwers in 785, when Charlemagne defeated Widukind. Events By Place Europe Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Blessed Widukind or Wittekind (c 730&ndash808 was a Saxon leader Duke of Saxony (corresponding to modern-day Westphalia and the chief antagonist This Frisia Magna was partly occupied by Vikings in the 840s, until they were expelled between 885 and 920. It has also been suggested that the Vikings did not conquer Frisia, but settled in certain parts (such as the island of Wieringen), where they built simple forts and cooperated and traded with the native Frisians. One of their leaders was Rorik of Dorestad. Rorik or Hrørek was a Jutish Viking, who ruled over different parts of Friesland between 841 and 873

Loss of territory

Frisians made polders in West Friesland, which became more and more separated from Friesland due to floods. A polder is a low-lying tract of land enclosed by embankments known as dikes, that forms an artificial hydrological entity meaning it has no connection with West Friesland (also West Frisia; Dutch: West-Friesland; West Frisian language: West-Fryslân) is a historical region in the Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known The western part of Frisia became the county of Holland in 1101, after a few centuries of a diverging history than the other parts. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of Frisia began to identify itself as a country with free folk in the Middle Ages. The bishopric of Utrecht no longer belonged to Frisia. The Archbishopric of Utrecht is the Archbishopric based in the Dutch city of Utrecht. There were many floods in the 11th and 12th centuries, which led to the deaths of many and eventually formed the Zuider Zee. The Zuiderzee (ˌzaɪdɚ ˈzeɪ] Dutch: Zuiderzee, ˈzœydərzeː was a shallow Inlet of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands The largest flood occurred in 1322.

Opstalboom League

The free Frisians (actually petty noblemen) and the city of Groningen founded the Opstalboom League to counter feudalism. Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. The league consisted of modern Friesland, Groningen, East Frisia and the German North Sea coast, and parts of the Danish North Sea coast (Schleswig). Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. East Frisia or Eastern Friesland ( Low Saxon: Oostfreesland, German Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. But the Opstalboom league did not consist only of Frisians, as the area of Zevenwouden and the city of Groningen were Saxon. Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Some Frisians lived under the rule of the counts of Holland in West Friesland. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of West Friesland (also West Frisia; Dutch: West-Friesland; West Frisian language: West-Fryslân) is a historical region in the The Opstalboom League was short-lived; it collapsed after a few years because of continual internal strife.

15th century

The 15th century saw the end of the free Frisians. The city of Groningen started to dominate Groningen. Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. A petty nobleman in East Frisia managed to defeat the other petty noblemen and became count of East Frisia. East Frisia or Eastern Friesland ( Low Saxon: Oostfreesland, German Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the The Archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg and the king of Denmark conquered large areas of Frisia. The Archdiocese of Bremen is a historical Roman Catholic diocese and a former eccesiastical state in the Holy Roman Empire. This is a list of Danish Monarchs, that is the Kings and Queens regnant of Denmark. Only Friesland remained for the Frisian Freedom. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known Friesland was conquered in the 1490s by Duke Albert of Saxony-Meissen. Albert (Albrecht 27 January, 1443 &ndash 12 September, 1500) was a Duke of Saxony. Later, the giant Pier Gerlofs Donia (Grutte Pier) would fight for his country's freedom, wielding a 2,15 meter (7-foot) sword. Pier Gerlofs Donia of Kimswerd (c1480 &ndash 1520 was a Frisian Warrior, Pirate, Freedom fighter, Folk hero, Knight He had many successes, but ultimately failed to secure Frisia's independence. He nonetheless bestowed himself the title King of the Frisians. the first historically verifiable rulers of Frisia, whether they are called Dukes or kings the last royal Dynasty below is established by the He died a poor farmer in 1520.

Frisian territories

Flag

Groep fan Auwerk's flag for Greater Frisia
Groep fan Auwerk's flag for Greater Frisia

Although the Frisian regions have their own separate flags, Frisia did not have a flag of its own until September 2006. The Groep fan Auwerk is an organisation that struggles for an independent Greater Frisia. The flag for united Frisia was made by the Groep fan Auwerk, which supports a united Frisia as an official country. The Groep fan Auwerk is an organisation that struggles for an independent Greater Frisia.

The flag, similar to the Norse and Icelandic flags, is inspired by the Nordic Cross Flag. Nordic Cross Flag Nordic Cross Scandinavian Cross is a pattern of flags usually associated with the Flags of the Scandinavian countries of which it originated The four pompeblêden (water lily leaves) refer to the seven pompeblêden on the (West) Friesland flag, but the number represents the three separate Frisian regions plus Groningen (Eastlauwersk Fryslân). Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known The flag was not accepted by the Interfrisian Council and is just in use by the Groep[1].

See also

Literature

References

  1. ^ Press release from the Interfrisian Council
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic