| Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve | |
 Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (1793-1864) | |
| Born | April 15, 1793 Altona |
|---|---|
| Died | November 23, 1864 |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Fields | astronomy |
| Alma mater | University of Tartu |
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Russian: Vasily Yakovlevich Struve) (April 15, 1793 – November 23, 1864 (Julian calendar: November 11)) was a Baltic-German astronomer from a famous dynasty of astronomers. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Altona (ˈaltona is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Tartu (Tartu Ülikool Тартуский университет Universität Dorpat is a classical University in the city of Tartu, Estonia Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare The Baltic Germans (Deutschbalten or Baltendeutsche) were mostly ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today Historically Astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky while Astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena
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Life
He was born at Altona then part of Denmark, in what is now Germany, the son of Jacob Struve (1755–1841), and was the second of an entire family of astronomers through five generations. Altona (ˈaltona is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He was the great-grandfather of Otto Struve and the father of Otto Wilhelm von Struve. Not to be confused with his grandfather Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819 &ndash 1905 ---- Otto Struve ( August 12 1897 – Not to be confused with his grandson Otto Struve (1897&ndash1963 Otto Wilhelm von Struve ( May 7 1819 ( Julian He was also the grandfather of Hermann Struve, who was Otto Struve's uncle. Karl Hermann Struve ( October 3 1854 – August 12 1920) was a Baltic German Astronomer born in Saint Peterburg Struve's father Jacob moved the family from French-occupied Germany to Livonia in Imperial Russia to avoid military service. The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya
In 1808 he entered the University of Tartu in Estonia, where he first studied philology, but soon turned his attention to astronomy. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The University of Tartu (Tartu Ülikool Тартуский университет Universität Dorpat is a classical University in the city of Tartu, Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study From 1813 to 1820 he taught at the university and observed at Dorpat Observatory in Tartu, and in 1820 became a full professor and director of the observatory. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Tartu Observatory is the largest astronomical Observatory in Estonia. Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve remained at Tartu, occupied with research on double stars and geodesy until 1839, when he founded and became director of the new Pulkovo Observatory near St Petersburg. Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual Double Star is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, first serialized in Astounding Science Fiction Geodesy (dʒiːˈɒdɪsi also called geodetics, a branch of Earth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory (Пу́лковская Астрономи́ческая обсервато́рия the principal Astronomical observatory of the Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Among other honors, he won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1826. The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display He retired in 1862 due to failing health. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday
The asteroid 768 Struveana was named jointly in his honour and that of Otto Wilhelm von Struve and Karl Hermann Struve. Asteroids, sometimes called Minor planets or planetoids', are bodies—primarily of the inner Solar System —that are smaller than planets but 768 Struveana Not to be confused with his grandson Otto Struve (1897&ndash1963 Otto Wilhelm von Struve ( May 7 1819 ( Julian Karl Hermann Struve ( October 3 1854 – August 12 1920) was a Baltic German Astronomer born in Saint Peterburg
Works
Struve's name is best known for his observations of double stars, which he carried on for many years. Double Star is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, first serialized in Astounding Science Fiction Although double stars had been studied earlier by William Herschel and John Herschel and Sir James South, Struve outdid any previous efforts. Sir Frederick William Herschel FRS KH ( 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German -born British Sir John Frederick William Herschel 1st Baronet KH, FRS ( March 7, 1792 &ndash May 11, 1871)was an Sir James South (October 1785 &ndash October 19 1867) was a British Astronomer. He discovered a very large number of double stars and in 1827 published his double star catalogue Catalogus novus stellarum duplicium. Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
Since most double stars are true binary stars rather than mere optical doubles (as William Herschel had been the first to discover), they orbit around one another's barycenter and slowly change position over the years. Double Star is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, first serialized in Astounding Science Fiction A binary star is a Star system consisting of two Stars orbiting around their Center of mass. Double Star is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, first serialized in Astounding Science Fiction Thus Struve made micrometric measurements of 2714 double stars from 1824 to 1837 and published these in his work Stellarum duplicium et multiplicium mensurae micrometricae.
Struve carefully measured the "constant of aberration" in 1843. The aberration of light (also referred to as astronomical aberration or stellar aberration) is an astronomical phenomenon which produces an Apparent motion Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common He was also the first to measure the parallax of Vega, although Friedrich Bessel had been the first to measure the parallax of a star (61 Cygni). Parallax is an apparent displacement or difference of orientation of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between Vega (α Lyr / α Lyrae / Alpha Lyrae ( or) is the brightest Star in the Constellation Lyra, the fifth brightest star in the night Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (22 July 1784 &ndash 17 March 1846 was a German Mathematician, Astronomer, and systematizer of the Bessel functions Not be confused with 16 Cygni, a more distant system containing two G-type stars harboring the Gas giant planet 16 Cygni Bb.
In an 1847 work, Etudes d'Astronomie Stellaire: Sur la voie lactee et sur la distance des etoiles fixes, Struve was one of the first astronomers to identify the effects of interstellar extinction (though he provided no mechanism to explain the effect). Extinction is a term used in Astronomy to describe the absorption and Scattering of Electromagnetic radiation emitted by Astronomical objects His estimate of the average rate of visual extinction, 1 mag per kpc, is remarkably close to modern estimates (0. 7-1. 0 mag per kpc).
He was also interested in geodetic surveying, and in 1831 published Beschreibung der Breitengradmessung in den Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. Geodesy (dʒiːˈɒdɪsi also called geodetics, a branch of Earth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a He initiated the Struve Geodetic Arc, which was a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over 2,820km. The Struve Geodetic Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The UNESCO has the chain on its List of World Heritage Sites in Europe. This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries
Family
In 1815 he married Emilie Wall (1796 – 1834) in Altona, who bore 12 children, 8 of which survived early childhood. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In addition to Otto Wilhelm von Struve, other children were Heinrich or Genrikh Vasilyevich Struve (1822 – 1908), a prominent chemist, and Bernhard Vasilyevich Struve (1827 – 1889), who served as a government official in Siberia and later as governor of Astrakhan and Perm. Not to be confused with his grandson Otto Struve (1897&ndash1963 Otto Wilhelm von Struve ( May 7 1819 ( Julian Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Astrakhan (А́страхань Ästerxan Persian: حاجیترخان Haji-Tarkhan) is a major city in southern European Russia and Perm (Пермь pʲɛrmʲ is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia.
After his first wife died, he remarried to Johanna Henriette Francisca Bartels (1807 – 1867), who bore him six more children. Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The most well-known was Karl Struve (1835 – 1907), who served successively as Russian ambassador to Japan, the United States, and the Netherlands. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
Bernhard's son Pyotr Berngardovich Struve (1870-1944) is probably the best known member of the family in Russia. Peter (or Pyotr) Berngardovich Struve ( January 26, 1870, Perm - February 22, 1944, Paris) was a He was one of the first Russian marxists and penned the Manifesto of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party upon its creation in 1898. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For the Roxy Music album see Manifesto (album. A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions often The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP ( Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́чая Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Even before the party split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, Struve left it for the Constitutional Democratic party, which promoted ideas of liberalism. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The Mensheviks (Minority (Меньшевик) were a faction of the Russian Revolutionary movement that emerged in 1903 after a dispute between Vladimir The Constitutional Democratic Party ( Constitutional Democrats, formally Party of Popular Freedom, informally Kadets) was a liberal Political Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal He represented this party at all the pre-revolutionary State Dumas. The State Duma (Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma common abbreviation Госдума (Gosduma in the Russian Federation is the After the Russian Revolution, he published several striking articles on its causes and joined the White movement. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard In the governments of Pyotr Wrangel and Denikin he was one of the ministers. Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel (Пётр Николаевич Врангель (Peter von Wrangel ( August 15, 1878, Zarasai, Lithuania (then Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин ( December 16, 1872 – August 8, 1947) was Lieutenant General During the following three decades, he lived in Paris, while his children were prominent in the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (Ру́сская Правосла́вная Це́рковь Заграни́цей ru Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov' Zagranitsey
External links
- (Russian) Struve dynasty (PDF)
- (Russian) Genealogy
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