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Friedrich Arnold Bopp (1909 – 1987) was a German theoretical physicist who contributed to nuclear physics and quantum field theory. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Theoretical physics employs Mathematical models and Abstractions of Physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of Atomic nuclei. In quantum field theory (QFT the forces between particles are mediated by other particles He worked at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik and with the Uranverein. The German nuclear energy project in Nazi Germany was informally known as the Uranverein (Uranium Club and it began in April 1939 just months He was a professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and a President of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft ( DPG, German Physical Society is the world's largest organization of physicists He signed the Göttinger Manifest. The Göttinger Manifest was a declaration of 18 leading nuclear scientists of West Germany against arming the West German army with tactical nuclear weapons in the 1950s

Contents

Education

From 1929 to 1934, Bopp studied physics at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and the Georg-August University of Göttingen. The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (also known as Frankfurt University) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens' University which means that while it was The University of Göttingen ( German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) is a University in the city of Göttingen, Germany. He completed his master’s thesis in 1933 under the mathematician Hermann Weyl. Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl ( 9 November 1885 – 8 December 1955) was a German Mathematician. In 1934, he became an Assistent (Assistant) at Göttingen. In 1937, Bopp completed his doctorate on the subject of Compton scattering under the physicist Fritz Sauter. The Compton shift formula Klein-Nishina formulaCompton used a combination of three fundamental formulas representing the various aspects of classical and modern physics combining Fritz Eduard Josef Maria Sauter (1906 &ndash 1983 was an Austrian-German physicist who worked mostly in Quantum electrodynamics and Solid-state physics. From 1936 to 1941, he was a teaching assistant at Breslau Univeristy. The University of Wrocław (Uniwersytet Wrocławski Universität Breslau Universitas Wratislaviensis is one of nine universities in Wrocław, Poland In 1941, Bopp completed his Habilitationsschrift under Erwin Fues on the subject of a consistent field theory of the electron. Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a person can achieve by their own pursuit in certain European and Asian countries Erwin Richard Fues ( January 17, 1893 in Stuttgart, Germany &ndash 1970 in Germany) was a German theoretical Physicist In quantum field theory (QFT the forces between particles are mediated by other particles The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J [1]

Career

From 1941 to 1947, Bopp was a staff scientist at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik (KWIP, after World War II reorganized and renamed the Max Planck Institute for Physics), located in Berlin-Dahlem. Max Planck Institute for Physics is a Physics institute in Munich, Germany which specialises in High This article refers to the neighborhood in Berlin For other places with the same name please see Dahlem (disambiguation. He worked on the German nuclear energy project; collaborators on aspects of this project were for a time known collectively as the Uranverein (Uranium Club). The German nuclear energy project in Nazi Germany was informally known as the Uranverein (Uranium Club and it began in April 1939 just months In 1944, when most of the KWIP was evacuated to Hechingen in Southern Germany due to air raids on Berlin, he went there too, and he was the Institute’s Deputy Director there. Hechingen is a Town in the Zollernalbkreis of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. When the American Alsos Mission evacuated Hechingen and Haigerloch, near the end of World War II, French armed forces occupied Hechingen. Operation Alsos was an effort at the end of World War II by the Allies (principally Britain and the United States) branched off from the Haigerloch is a town in the north-western part of the Swabian Alb in Germany. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Bopp did not get along with them and described the initial French policy objectives towards the KWIP as exploitation, forced evacuation to France, and seizure of documents and equipment. [2] In order to put pressure on Bopp to evacuate the KWIP to France, the French Naval Commission imprisoned him for five days and threatened him with further imprisonment if he did not cooperate in the evacuation. During his imprisonment, the spectroscopist Hermann Schüler, who had a better relationship with the French, persuaded the French to appoint him as Deputy Director of the KWIP. Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ This incident caused tension between the physicists and spectroscopists at the KWIP and within its umbrella organization the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft (Kaiser Wilhelm Society). The Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft is a German entity formally known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e [3] [4] [5]

From 1946 to 1947, Bopp was also a teaching assistant at the University of Tübingen. Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen ( German: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the "Eberhardina Carolina" is a public university [6]

From 1947 to 1950, Bopp was an extraordinarius professor and in 1950 an ordinarius professor of theoretical physics at the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more His main area of interest was quantum field theory. In quantum field theory (QFT the forces between particles are mediated by other particles In 1954, he was a member of the board of trustees of the Institute. [7]

From 1964 to 1965, Bopp was the President of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft ( DPG, German Physical Society is the world's largest organization of physicists [8] [9]

Bopp was one of the 18 signers of the Göttinger Manifest in 1957, which was opposed to the rearming of Germany with nuclear weapons. The Göttinger Manifest was a declaration of 18 leading nuclear scientists of West Germany against arming the West German army with tactical nuclear weapons in the 1950s [10]

The great theoretical physicist, Arnold Sommerfeld, who educated and nurtured a new generation of physicists in the 1920s and 1930s, expanded his lecture notes into the six-volume Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik (Lectures on Theoretical Physics). Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (5 December 1868 &ndash 26 April 1951 was a German theoretical Physicist who pioneered developments in atomic Sommerfeld died in 1951 as the result of a traffic accident while walking with his grandchildren. He had published all but Volume 5 of his lectures. Bopp and Josef Meixner edited and completed this volume and put it into publication. Josef Meixner (1908 &ndash March 19, 1994 in Aachen, Germany) was a German theoretical physicist known for his work on the physics of deformable Bopp and Meixner also edited and supplemented other volumes in the series and published new editions of volumes within the series.

Internal Reports

The following reports were published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), an internal publication of the German Uranverein. Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte ( Research Reports in Nuclear Physics) was an internal publication of the German Uranverein, which was initiated The German nuclear energy project in Nazi Germany was informally known as the Uranverein (Uranium Club and it began in April 1939 just months The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. Operation Alsos was an effort at the end of World War II by the Allies (principally Britain and the United States) branched off from the The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (literally Karlsruhe Research Centre the Helmholtz Association) is a research institution based in Karlsruhe The American Institute of Physics (AIP is an international body representing Physicists and publishing physics related journals [11] [12]

Books

Edited and Supplemented Books

Selected literature

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Bopp.
  2. ^ The French occupation policy was not qualitatively different from that of the American and Russian occupation forces, it was just carried out on a smaller scale. See, for example: Operation Paperclip; Norman M. Naimark The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949 (Belknap, 1995); John Gimbel Science, Technology, and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany (Stanford University Press, 1990); and John Gimbel U. Operation Paperclip (also Project Paperclip) was the code name for the O Norman Naimark, is a historian and acclaimed author specialising in modern East European history Genocide and Ethnic cleansing. S. Policy and German Scientists: The Early Cold War, Political Science Quarterly Volume 101, Number 3, 433-451 (1986).
  3. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Bopp.
  4. ^ Walker, 1993, 186-187.
  5. ^ Bernstein, 2001, 212 and footnote #5 on p. 212.
  6. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Bopp.
  7. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Bopp.
  8. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Bopp.
  9. ^ DPG – Presidents.
  10. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Bopp.
  11. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte.
  12. ^ Walker, 1993, 268-274.
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