Friday the 13th is considered a day of bad luck in English-, French- and Portuguese-speaking countries around the world, as well as in Austria, Germany, Estonia, Finland, The Netherlands, Belgium, Republic of Ireland, Poland, Bulgaria, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, and the Philippines. Luck (also called fortunity) is a chance happening, or that which happens beyond a person's control. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP
Similar superstitions exist in some other traditions. Superstition ( Latin superstitio, literally "standing over" derived perhaps from standing in awe used in Latin as a unreasonable or excessive belief In Greece, Romania and Spanish-speaking countries, for example, it is Tuesday the 13th that is considered unlucky. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania In Italy, it is Friday the 17th. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Friday (pronunciation ˈfraɪdeɪ ˈfraɪdi is the day of the Week falling between Thursday and Saturday.
The fear of Friday the 13th is called paraskavedekatriaphobia,[1], a word derived from the concatenation of the Greek words Paraskeví (Παρασκευή) (meaning Friday), and dekatreís (δεκατρείς) (meaning thirteen), attached to phobía (φοβία) (meaning fear). The term is a specialized form of triskaidekaphobia, a simple phobia (fear) of the number thirteen appearing in any case. Triskaidekaphobia (from Greek tris=three kai=and deka=ten is an irrational fear of the number 13; it is a Superstition and related to a specific fear Phobias Phobias (in the clinical meaning of the term are the most common form of Anxiety disorders An American study by the National Institute of Mental Health
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History
Both the number thirteen and Friday have been considered unlucky:
- In numerology, the number twelve is considered the number of completeness, as reflected in the twelve months of the year, twelve recognized signs of the zodiac, the twelve tribes of Israel, the twelve Apostles of Jesus, etc. Numerology is any of many Systems Traditions or Beliefs in a mystical or Esoteric relationship between Numbers and physical , whereas the number thirteen was considered irregular, transgressing this completeness. [2] There is also a superstition, thought by some to derive from the Last Supper, that having thirteen people seated at a table will result in the death of one of the diners. In 1880s The Thirteen Club was created to debunk the Superstition of '13 at a table' being unlucky In the Christian Gospels the Last Supper (also called the Lord's Supper or Mystical Supper) was the last meal Jesus shared with his
- Friday, as the day on which Jesus Christ was crucified, has been viewed both positively and negatively among Christians. Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from The actual day of Crucifixion was the 14th day of Nissan in the Hebrew Lunar calendar which does not correspond to "Friday" in the solar calendar of Rome. The 15th day of Nissan (beginning at Sundown) is celebration of Passover.
Despite the onus on the two separated elements, there is no evidence for a link between the two before the 19th century. The earliest known reference in English occurs in a 1869 biography of Gioachino Rossini:
- [Rossini] was surrounded to the last by admiring and affectionate friends; and if it be true that, like so many other Italians, he regarded Friday as an unlucky day, and thirteen as an unlucky number, it is remarkable that on Friday, the 13th of November, he died. [3]
However, only in the 20th century did the superstition receive greater audience, as
- Friday the 13th doesn't even merit a mention in E. Cobham Brewer's voluminous 1898 edition of the Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, though one does find entries for "Friday, an Unlucky Day" and "Thirteen Unlucky. " When the date of ill fate finally does make an appearance in later editions of the text, it is without extravagant claims as to the superstition's historicity or longevity. [4]
Though the superstition developed relatively recently, much older origins are often claimed for it, most notably in the novel The Da Vinci Code (and later the film), which traced the belief to the arrest of the Knights Templar on Friday October 13, 1307. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The Da Vinci Code is a controversial mystery / detective Novel by US author Dan Brown, published in 2003 by Doubleday The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees [4]
Effects in people and cultures
According to the Stress Management Center and Phobia Institute in Asheville, North Carolina, an estimated 17 to 21 million people in the United States are affected by a fear of this day. Asheville is a City in and the County seat of Buncombe County, North Carolina, United The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Some people are so paralyzed by fear that they avoid their normal routines in doing business, taking flights or even getting out of bed. "It's been estimated that [US]$800 or $900 million is lost in business on this day". The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [2] Despite this, representatives for both Delta and Continental Airlines say that their airlines don't suffer from any noticeable drop in travel on those Fridays. [5]
A British Medical Journal study has shown that there is a significant increase in traffic-related accidents on Fridays the 13th. [6]
Occurrence
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The following months have a Friday the 13th:
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The following years have Fridays the 13th in these months:
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This sequence, here given for 2001–2028, repeats every 28 years from 1901 to 2099. Dominical letters are letters A B C D E F and G assigned to days in a cycle of seven with the letter A always set against 1 January as an aid for finding the day of the Week Dominical letters are letters A B C D E F and G assigned to days in a cycle of seven with the letter A always set against 1 January as an aid for finding the day of the Week This is the Calendar for any common year starting on Monday ( Dominical letter G) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Tuesday ( Dominical letter F) This is the calendar for any Common year starting on Wednesday ( Dominical letter E) This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Thursday ( Dominical letter DC) such as 2004. This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Saturday ( Dominical letter B) This is the calendar for any Common year starting on Sunday ( Dominical letter A) or for any year in which “ Doomsday ” is Tuesday This is the Calendar for any common year starting on Monday ( Dominical letter G) This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Tuesday ( Dominical letter FE) such as 2008. This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Thursday ( Dominical letter D) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Friday ( Dominical letter C) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Saturday ( Dominical letter B) This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Sunday ( Dominical letter AG) such as 2012. This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Tuesday ( Dominical letter F) This is the calendar for any Common year starting on Wednesday ( Dominical letter E) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Thursday ( Dominical letter D) This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Friday ( Dominical letter CB) such as 1988. This is the calendar for any Common year starting on Sunday ( Dominical letter A) or for any year in which “ Doomsday ” is Tuesday This is the Calendar for any common year starting on Monday ( Dominical letter G) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Tuesday ( Dominical letter F) This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Wednesday ( Dominical letter ED) such as 1992. This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Friday ( Dominical letter C) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Saturday ( Dominical letter B) This is the calendar for any Common year starting on Sunday ( Dominical letter A) or for any year in which “ Doomsday ” is Tuesday This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Monday ( Dominical letter GF) such as 1996. This is the calendar for any Common year starting on Wednesday ( Dominical letter E) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Thursday ( Dominical letter D) This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Friday ( Dominical letter C) This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Saturday ( Dominical letter BA) such as 2000. The months with a Friday the 13th are determined by the Dominical letter (G, F, GF, etc. Dominical letters are letters A B C D E F and G assigned to days in a cycle of seven with the letter A always set against 1 January as an aid for finding the day of the Week ) of the year. Any month that begins on a Sunday will contain a Friday the 13th.
Every year has at least one and at most three Fridays the 13th, with 688 occurrences during each 400-year Gregorian cycle (146,097 days). The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today
The longest period that can occur without a Friday the 13th is fourteen months, either from July to September the following year (e. g. in 2001/2002 and 2012/13), or from August to October in a leap year (e. g. in 2027/28).
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Patterns for non leap-years:
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Patterns for leap years:
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Each Gregorian 400-year cycle contains 146,097 days (365 * 400 = 146,000 normal days plus 97 leap days), 146,097 / 7 = 20,871 weeks, and 400 * 12 = 4,800 months. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today A leap year (or intercalary year) is a year containing one or more extra days (or in the case of Lunisolar calendars an extra month in order to keep the Thus, each cycle contains the same pattern of days of the week (and thus the same pattern of Fridays the 13th), but no day of the month up to the 28th can occur the same number of times on each day of the week (because 4,800 is not divisible by 7). The 13th day of the month is slightly more likely to be a Friday than any other day of the week. [7] On average, there is a Friday the 13th once every 212. 35 (212 and 241/688) days.
The distribution of the 13th day over the 4,800 months is as follows:
| Day of the week | Number of occurrences |
|---|---|
| Sunday | 687 |
| Monday | 685 |
| Tuesday | 685 |
| Wednesday | 687 |
| Thursday | 684 |
| Friday | 688 |
| Saturday | 684 |
Planned events on Fridays the 13th
Some events are intentionally scheduled for Friday the 13th for dramatic effect. They include:
- Black Sabbath's self-titled debut album was released in the UK on Friday, February 13, 1970. Black Sabbath are an Black Sabbath is the self-titled debut album by the British heavy metal band Black Sabbath. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- The 13th book in A Series of Unfortunate Events was released on Friday, October 13, 2006 by Lemony Snicket, also known as novelist Daniel Handler. The End is the thirteenth and final book in A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket. A Series of Unfortunate Events is a children's Book series of thirteen novels written by Daniel Handler under the Pseudonym of Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Lemony Snicket is a Pseudonym used by author Daniel Handler in his book series A Series of Unfortunate Events, as well as a character in that Daniel Handler (born February 28 1970 is an American writer, Screenwriter and Accordionist He is best known for his work under the Pen name
- Friday the Thirteenth, a gathering for motorcycle enthusiasts held in the Canadian beach town of Port Dover, Ontario every Friday the 13th. Norfolk County ˈnɔrfoʊk is a rural city-status single-tier municipal government on the north shore of Lake Erie in Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Norfolk County ˈnɔrfoʊk is a rural city-status single-tier municipal government on the north shore of Lake Erie in
- The 2008 film The Happening is planned to release on Friday, June 13, 2008. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- The first TV special on iCarly, "iCarly Saves TV" is planned to be aired on June 13, 2008. iCarly is a popular Television show that premiered September 8 2007 on Nickelodeon. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- The Incredible Hulk is planned to release on June 13, 2008. The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 Superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- The Canadian release of the Microsoft's Zune music player is on June 13, 2008. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Zune is a brand of digital media players and services sold by Microsoft. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- The remake of the original Friday the 13th is planned to release on Friday, February 13, 2009. Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of eleven Slasher films a television show, Novels Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories.
Natural events on Fridays the 13th
Due to the large number of events that happen in the world, a similar list could be compiled for any combination of day of the month and day of the week.
- The Black Friday bushfires in Victoria, Australia occurred on Friday, January 13, 1939. The Black Friday fires of January 13, 1939, in Victoria Australia, are considered one of the worst natural Bushfires (wildfires in the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- The Uruguayan Rugby team infamously crashed in the Andes mountain range on Friday, 13 October 1972
- Hurricane Charley made landfall near Port Charlotte, Florida on Friday, August 13, 2004. Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, also known less formally as the Andes flight disaster, was an airline flight carrying 45 people that crashed in the Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hurricane Charley was the third named storm the second Hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
- The "Friday the 13th Storm" struck Buffalo, New York on October 13, 2006. The October 2006 Buffalo storm was an unusual early-season Lake effect snow storm that hit the Buffalo New York area and other surrounding areas of the United States Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- UNIX time will reach 1,234,567,890 decimal seconds on February 13, 2009 at 23:31:30 GMT. Unix time, or POSIX time, is a system for describing points in Time, defined as the number of seconds elapsed since Midnight Coordinated Universal Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London
- The asteroid 99942 Apophis will make its close encounter on Friday, April 13, 2029. TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 99942 Apophis (əˈpɒfɪs previously known by its provisional designation Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2029 ( MMXXIX) will be a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar.
Notable births and deaths
References
- ^ Alternative spellings include paskevodekatriaphobia or paraskevidekatriaphobia. Oliviero De Fabritiis ( 13 June 1902 - 12 August 1982) was an Italian conductor and Composer. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (ʒɔʀʒ simˈnɔ̃ in French ( February 13, 1903 &ndash September 4, 1989) was a Belgian writer Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Lawrence "Bud" Freeman ( April 13, 1906 in Chicago Illinois - March 15, 1991 in Chicago was a U Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Sir Johannes "Joh" Bjelke-Petersen KCMG (13 January 1911 &ndash 23 April 2005] New Zealand -born Australian Politician, was the longest-serving Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Frederick Michael Daly ( 13 June 1912 - 2 August 1995) was a long-serving Australian Labor Party Politician, a Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Eileen Farrell ( February 13, 1920 – March 23, 2002) was a famous American Opera and concert singer Soprano. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Stuart Wagstaff AM (born February 13, 1925 in Great Durnford, Wiltshire, England UK) is an Australian television and stage Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jennifer Vyvyan ( 13 March 1925 - 5 April 1974) was a British Soprano. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Herbert Ross ( May 13, 1927 – October 9, 2001) was an American Film director, producer, Choreographer Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rosalind Elias ( March 13, 1929) is an American Mezzo-soprano, a rich-voiced singer of fine musicianship who enjoyed a long and distinguished career at the Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thomas James Cloutier (born October 13 1939) is a professional Poker player from Albany California. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Carol Lynley (born February 13, 1942) is an American actress and former child model. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Georgy (Yuri Mikhaylovich Ahronovitch ( 13 May, 1932 &ndash 31 October 2002) was a Soviet -born Israeli conductor Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Peter Davison (born Peter Moffett 13 April 1951 is an English Actor, best known for his roles as Tristan Farnon in the television version of Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Maxwell Sachel Weinberg (born April 13 1951) is an American Drummer and Television personality. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Deborah Iona Raffin (born March 13, 1953) is an American film and television actress Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Steven Vincent "Steve" Buscemi (bʊˈsɛmi born December 13, 1957) is an Emmy - and Golden Globe -nominated American Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus (born January 13, 1961) is an American Actress and Comedienne best known for her Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William Nuschler Clark Jr (born March 13 1964 in) is a former First baseman in Major League Baseball best known for his play with the Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Kathleen Erin Walsh (born October 13, 1967) is an American Film and Television actress, currently known for her role as Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Timothy Kevin Story (born March 13, 1970) is an African-American Film director. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sara Cox (born 13 December 1974) affectionately known as "Coxy" is an English TV Presenter and Radio DJ Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Sarah Terenzi (née Leweski; born June 13, 1980) better known as Sarah Connor, is a German Singer and Songwriter Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13 1986 are American actresses, best known for playing the role of Michelle Tanner Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Marco Michael Andretti (born March 13, 1987 in Nazareth Pennsylvania) is an American Auto racing driver who drives the #26 car for Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Sam Patch (1807-1829 known as "The Yankee Leaper" was the first famous U Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap James Buchanan Brady ( 12 August 1856 &ndash 13 April 1917) also known as Diamond Jim Brady, was an American businessman Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Sir Henry O'Neil de Hane Segrave ( 22 September 1896 &ndash 13 June 1930) was famous for setting three Land speed records and the Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Arnold Schoenberg ( pronounced ˈʃøːnbɛrk (13 September 1874 &ndash 13 July 1951 was an Austrian and later American Composer, associated with Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Martita Hunt (30 January 1900 – 13 June 1969 was a British Theatre and Film actress. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr ( May 27, 1911 &ndash January 13, 1978) was the thirty-eighth Vice President of the United States, serving Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Ralph Kirkpatrick ( June 10, 1911 &ndash April 13, 1984) was a musician Musicologist and Harpsichordist born in Leominster Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Gerald Moore CBE (30 July 1899 &ndash 13 March 1987 was an English pianist best known for accompanying many famous singers in the performance and recording Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Stuart David Challender ( 19 February, 1947 - 13 December, 1991) was an Australian conductor. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16 1971 &mdash September 13 1996 also known by his Stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Tony Roper ( December 13, 1964 - October 13, 2000) was a NASCAR driver Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b John Roach, "Friday the 13th Phobia Rooted in Ancient History", National Geographic News, August 12, 2004.
- ^ Henry Sutherland Edwards, The Life of Rossini, 1869, p. 340.
- ^ a b Why Friday the 13th Is Unlucky
- ^ Josh Sens, "Some Don't Count on lucky", Via Magazine, January 2004.
- ^ T. J. Scanlon, R. N. Luben, F. X. Scanlon, N. Singleton, "Is Friday the 13th bad for your health?", British Medical Journal, issue 307 (1993), p. 1584–1586.
- ^ B. H. Brown, "Solution to Problem E36", American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 40, issue 10 (1933), p. 607; Jean Meeus, Mathematical Astronomy Morsels IV, 2007, p. Jean Meeus (born 1928 is a Belgian Astronomer specializing in Celestial mechanics. 367.
- ^ Thomas, W. Stehpen; Ruth Rosenberg-Naparsteck (October 1988). "Sleep City The Sesquicentenneial History of Mt. Hope Cemetery". Rochester History L (4): 4. Rochester Public Library. ISSN 0035-7413. An International Standard Serial Number ( ISSN) is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic Periodical publication.
External links
- Friday the 13th Phobia Rooted in Ancient History
- Why Friday the 13th Is Unlucky (About. com)
- How Friday the 13th works (HowStuffWorks. com)
- National Geographic: Friday the 13th Phobia Rooted in Ancient History
- Friday the 13th and the Templars - About. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural com article
- Your Unlucky Day: The religious roots of triskaidekaphobia.
- Some don't count on Lucky 13 - Via Magazine.
- Paraskevidekatriaphobia - skepdic. com article on Friday the 13th
- http://www.infoplease.com/spot/friday13th.html
- A world of Luck: Friday the 13th - Snopes. com article
- Triskaidekaphobia on MathWorld
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