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Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo, Self-portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird
Birth name Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón
Born July 6, 1907(1907-07-06)
Coyoacán, Mexico
Died July 13, 1954 (aged 47)
Coyoacán, Mexico
Nationality Mexican
Field Painting

Frida Kahlo (July 6, 1907 – July 13, 1954) was a Mexican painter, who has achieved great international popularity. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Coyoacán is one of the 16 Delegaciones ' (boroughs into which Mexico 's Federal District is divided The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Coyoacán is one of the 16 Delegaciones ' (boroughs into which Mexico 's Federal District is divided The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e [1] She painted using vibrant colors in a style that was influenced by indigenous cultures of Mexico as well as by European influences that include Realism, Symbolism, and Surrealism. Realism is a visual art style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century Art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Many of her works are self-portraits that express her own pain symbolically and her sexuality. A Self-portrait is a representation of an artist drawn painted photographed or sculpted by the artist

In 1929 Kahlo married the Mexican muralist Diego Rivera. Diego Rivera (December 8 1886 &ndash November 24 1957 was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez They shared political views, and he encouraged her artistic endeavors. Although she has long been recognized as an important painter, public awareness of her work has become more widespread since the 1970s. Her "Blue" house in Coyoacán, Mexico City is a popular museum, donated by Diego Rivera upon his death in 1957. Coyoacán is one of the 16 Delegaciones ' (boroughs into which Mexico 's Federal District is divided Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico

Contents

Childhood and family

Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón, as her name appears on her birth certificate [2] was born on July 6, 1907 in the house of her parents, known as La Casa Azul (The Blue House), in Coyoacán. A birth certificate is a Vital record that documents the birth of a child Coyoacán is one of the 16 Delegaciones ' (boroughs into which Mexico 's Federal District is divided At the time, this was a small town on the outskirts of Mexico City. Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico

Her father, Guillermo Kahlo (1872-1941), was born Carl Wilhelm Kahlo in Pforzheim, Germany. Carl Wilhelm Kahlo ( 26 October 1871 in Pforzheim, Germany &ndash 14 April 1941) was a Mexican Photographer Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He was the son of the painter and goldsmith Jakob Heinrich Kahlo and Henriett E. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e A goldsmith is a Metalworker who specializes in working with Gold and other Precious metals usually in modern times to make Jewelry. Kaufmann.

Kahlo claimed her father was of Jewish and Hungarian ancestry, [3], but a 2005 book on Guillermo Kahlo argues that he was descended from a long line of German Lutherans [4]. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther

Wilhelm Kahlo sailed to Mexico in 1891 at the age of nineteen and, upon his arrival, changed his German forename, Wilhelm, to its Spanish equivalent, 'Guillermo'. During the late 1930s, in the face of rising Nazism in Germany, Frida acknowledged and asserted her German heritage by spelling her name, Frieda (an allusion to "Frieden", which means "peace" in German). Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

Frida's mother, Matilde Calderón y Gonzalez, was a devout Catholic of primarily indigenous, as well as Spanish descent. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. [3] Frida's parents were married shortly after the death of Guillermo's first wife during the birth of her second child. Although their marriage was quite unhappy, Guillermo and Matilde had four daughters, with Frida being the third. She had two older half sisters. Frida once remarked that she grew up in a world surrounded by females. Throughout most of her life, however, Frida remained close to her father.

The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 when Kahlo was three years old. The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana was a major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I Later, however, Kahlo claimed that she was born in 1910 so people would directly associate her with the revolution. In her writings, she recalled that her mother would usher her and her sisters inside the house as gunfire echoed in the streets of her hometown, which was extremely poor at the time. Occasionally, men would leap over the walls into their backyard and sometimes her mother would prepare a meal for the hungry revolutionaries.

Kahlo contracted polio at age six, which left her right leg thinner than the left, which Kahlo disguised by wearing long skirts. Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an acute viral Infectious disease spread from person to person primarily via It has been conjectured that she also suffered from spina bifida, a congenital disease that could have affected both spinal and leg development. Spina bifida ( Latin: "split spine" is a developmental Birth defect involving the Neural tube: incomplete closure of the Embryonic neural [5] As a girl, she participated in boxing and other sports. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, In 1922, Kahlo was enrolled in the Preparatoria, one of Mexico's premier schools, where she was one of only thirty-five girls. Kahlo joined a gang at the school and fell in love with the leader, Alejandro Gomez Arias. Gangsters redirects here For the computer game see Gangsters (video game. During this period, Kahlo also witnessed violent armed struggles in the streets of Mexico City as the Mexican Revolution continued. Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana was a major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I

On September 17, 1925, Kahlo was riding in a bus when the vehicle collided with a trolley car. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She suffered serious injuries in the accident, including a broken spinal column, a broken collarbone, broken ribs, a broken pelvis, eleven fractures in her right leg, a crushed and dislocated right foot, and a dislocated shoulder. A vertebra (plural vertebrae) is an individual Irregular bone in the spinal or Vertebral column ( aka ischis a flexuous and flexible column In Vertebrate Anatomy, ribs ( Latin costae) are the long curved Bones which form the ribcage. The pelvis (pl pelvises or pelves) or pelvic girdle is the irregular bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known A leg is a limb on an Animal 's Body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground between the Ankle and the Hip and is used for An iron handrail pierced her abdomen and her uterus, which seriously damaged her reproductive ability. The uterus (from the Latin word for womb) is the major Female reproductive organ of most Mammals including Humans One end the

Although she recovered from her injuries and eventually regained her ability to walk, she was plagued by relapses of extreme pain for the remainder of her life. A relapse (etymologically "who falls again" occurs when a person is affected again by a condition that affected them in the past The pain was intense and often left her confined to a hospital or bedridden for months at a time. A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for She underwent as many as thirty-five operations as a result of the accident, mainly on her back and her right leg and foot.

Career as painter

Frida Kahlo with Diego Rivera in 1932
Frida Kahlo with Diego Rivera in 1932

After the accident, Frida Kahlo turned her attention away from the study of medicine to begin a full-time painting career. Diego Rivera (December 8 1886 &ndash November 24 1957 was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez The accident left her in a great deal of pain while she recovered in a full body cast; she painted to occupy her time during her temporary state of immobilization. Her self-portraits became a dominant part of her life when she was immobile for three months after her accident. She once said, "I paint myself because I am often alone and I am the subject I know best". Her mother had a special easel made for her so she could paint in bed, and her father lent her his box of oil paints and some brushes. [6]

Drawing on personal experiences, including her marriage, her miscarriages, and her numerous operations, Kahlo's works often are characterized by their stark portrayals of pain. Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion is the natural or spontaneous end of a Pregnancy at a stage where the embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving generally defined Of her 143 paintings, 55 are self-portraits which often incorporate symbolic portrayals of physical and psychological wounds. She insisted, "I never painted dreams. I painted my own reality".

Kahlo was deeply influenced by indigenous Mexican culture, which is apparent in her use of bright colors and dramatic symbolism. She frequently included the symbolic monkey. A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys two of the three groupings of Simian Primates the third group being In Mexican mythology, monkeys are symbols of lust, yet Kahlo portrayed them as tender and protective symbols. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Christian and Jewish themes are often depicted in her work. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ She combined elements of the classic religious Mexican tradition with surrealist renderings. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members

At the invitation of André Breton, she went to France in 1939 and was featured at an exhibition of her paintings in Paris. André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Louvre bought one of her paintings, The Frame, which was displayed at the exhibit. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France This was the first work by a 20th century Mexican artist ever purchased by the internationally renowned museum.

Stormy marriage

Frida Kahlo (center) and Diego Rivera photographed by Carl Van Vechten in 1932
Frida Kahlo (center) and Diego Rivera photographed by Carl Van Vechten in 1932

As a young artist, Kahlo approached the famous Mexican painter, Diego Rivera, whose work she admired, asking him for advice about pursuing art as a career. Diego Rivera (December 8 1886 &ndash November 24 1957 was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez Carl Van Vechten ( June 17, 1880 &ndash December 21, 1964) was an American Writer and Photographer who was a Diego Rivera (December 8 1886 &ndash November 24 1957 was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez He immediately recognized her talent and her unique expression as truly special and uniquely Mexican. He encouraged her development as an artist and soon began an intimate relationship with Frida. They were married in 1929, despite the disapproval of Frida's mother. They often were referred to as The Elephant and the Dove, a nickname that originated when Kahlo's father used it to express their extreme difference in size. Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea.

Their marriage often was tumultuous. Notoriously, both Kahlo and Rivera had fiery temperaments and both had numerous extramarital affairs. The openly bisexual Kahlo had affairs with both men (including Leon Trotsky) and women;[2] Rivera knew of and tolerated her relationships with women, but her relationships with men made him jealous. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij For her part, Kahlo became outraged when she learned that Rivera had an affair with her younger sister, Cristina. The couple eventually divorced, but remarried in 1940. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage. Their second marriage was as turbulent as the first. Their living quarters often were separate, although sometimes adjacent.

Later years

La Casa Azul, photo taken in 2005
La Casa Azul, photo taken in 2005

Active communist sympathizers, Kahlo and Rivera befriended Leon Trotsky as he sought political sanctuary from Joseph Stalin's regime in the Soviet Union. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Initially, Trotsky lived with Rivera and then at Kahlo's home, where they reportedly had an affair. [2] Trotsky and his wife then moved to another house in Coyoacán where, later, he was assassinated. Coyoacán is one of the 16 Delegaciones ' (boroughs into which Mexico 's Federal District is divided

Death

A few days before Frida Kahlo died on July 13, 1954, she wrote in her diary: "I hope the exit is joyful - and I hope never to return - Frida". Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) [2] The official cause of death was given as pulmonary embolism, although some suspected that she died from overdose that may or may not have been accidental. Pulmonary embolism (PE is a blockage of the Pulmonary artery or one of its branches usually occurring when a venous Thrombus (blood clot from a vein The term drug overdose (or simply overdose or OD) describes the Ingestion or application of a Drug or other substance in quantities [2] An autopsy was never performed. An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, or obduction, is a Medical procedure that consists of a thorough Examination She had been very ill throughout the previous year and her right leg had been amputated at the knee, owing to gangrene. Please do not add warnings to this page about the pictures Wikipedia is not censored for taste and has a guideline preventing such warnings - WikipediaNo disclaimers in articles She also had a bout of bronchopneumonia near that time, which had left her quite frail. Bronchopneumonia (also known as lobular pneumonia) is a type of Pneumonia characterized by multiple foci of isolated acute consolidation affecting one or more [2]

Later, in his autobiography, Diego Rivera wrote that the day Kahlo died was the most tragic day of his life, adding that, too late, he had realized that the most wonderful part of his life had been his love for her. [2]

A pre-Columbian urn holding her ashes is on display in her former home, La Casa Azul (The Blue House), in Coyoacán. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences Today it is a museum housing a number of her works of art and numerous relics from her personal life. [2]

Frida mania

For most of the twentieth century, Kahlo's work was not recognized as it is now: often she was popularly remembered only as Diego Rivera's wife. Diego Rivera (December 8 1886 &ndash November 24 1957 was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez It was not until the early 1980s when the artistic movement in Mexico known as the Neomexicanismo began, that she became very prominent. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. [7] This movement recognized the values of contemporary Mexican culture; it was the moment when artists such as Kahlo, Abraham Angel, Angel Zárraga, and others became household names and Helguera's classical calendar paintings achieved fame. [7] During the same decade several other factors helped to establish her success. The movie Frida, Naturaleza Viva (1983), directed by Pablo Leduc with Ofelia Medina as Frida and Juan Jose Gurrola as Diego, was a huge success. For the rest of her life, Medina remained in a sort of perpetual Frida role, still depicting Kahlo even now. [8] Also during the same time Hayden Herrera published a determinant and influential biography: Frida: The Biography of Frida Kahlo, which became a world-wide bestseller.

In addition, Raquel Tibol, the most influential Mexican art critic for the second half of the twentieth century and a personal friend of Frida, wrote Frida Kahlo: una vida abierta. Other works about her included, a biography by Teresa del Conde and texts by other Mexican critics and theorists such as Jorge Alberto Manrique. [7]

Fridamania had begun and many artists, particularly the Mexicans, Adolfo Patiño known as 'Adolfrido', Marisa Lara, Arturo Guerrero, Lucia Maya, and Nahum B. Zenil, adopted Frida's imaginings into their own work and transported her interests and obsessions into the 1980s. In 2002 the American film, Frida, introduced later audiences to her work. Frida is a 2002 biographical film which depicts the professional and private life of the surrealist Mexican painter Frida Kahlo [9]

Influence on other artists

Frida Kahlo was photographed by many artists including Edward Weston, Héctor García, Imogen Cunningham, Manuel Alvarez Bravo, Lola Alvarez Bravo, Nicholas Murray, Guillermo Zamora, and Lucienne Bloch. Edward Henry Weston ( March 24 1886 &ndash January 1 1958) was an American photographer, and co-founder Héctor García may refer to Héctor García Molina, Mexican computer scientist Hector P Imogen Cunningham ( April 12 1883 - June 24 1976) was an American Photographer known for her photography of botanicals Manuel Álvarez Bravo ( February 2, 1902 &ndash October 19, 2002) Álvarez Bravo was born in Mexico City on February 41902 Lola Álvarez Bravo (1907 - 1993 was a Mexican Photographer. ( Álvarez Bravo is her surname She was a key figure (along with Tina Modotti, Lucienne Bloch ( January 5, 1909 - March 13, 1999) was born in Geneva Switzerland and came to America with her family in 1917 [10]. Many Chicana/o artists have included versions of her self portraits in their work, among them Rupert García, Alfredo Arreguín, Yreina D. Cervántez, Pietro Psaier, Marcos Raya, Gilbert Hernandez, and Carmen Lomas Garza. Gilberto Hernandez, (first name pronounced /heel-bear-toe/ born February 1, 1957, in Oxnard, California, usually credited as Gilbert Carmen Lomas Garza (born 1948 is a Mexican American Artist. Biography Carmen Lomas Garza was born in 1948 in Kingsville Texas.

Centennial celebrations

The 100th anniversary of the birth of Frida Kahlo honored her with the largest exhibit ever held of her paintings at the Museum of the Fine Arts Palace, Kahlo's first comprehensive exhibit in Mexico. [11] Works were on loan from Detroit, Minneapolis, Miami, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Nagoya, Japan. The exhibit included one-third of her artistic production, as well as manuscripts and letters that had not been displayed previously. [11] The exhibit was open June 13th through August 12th 2007 and broke all attendance records at the museum. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [12] Some of her work was on exhibit in Nuevo León, and moved in September 2007 to museums in the United States. Nuevo León ( Spanish for "New León " after the former kingdom in Spain) is a state located in northeastern Mexico.

The first major Frida Kahlo exhibition in the United States in nearly fifteen years, presents over forty of her most important self-portraits, still lifes, and portraits from the beginning of her career in 1926 until her death in 1954.

Exhibition Itinerary
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis • October 27–January 20, 2008
Philadelphia Museum of Art • February 20–May 18, 2008
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art • June 16–September 28, 2008

Previously, the most recent international exhibition of Kahlo's work had been in 2005 in London, which brought together eighty-seven of her works. The Philadelphia Museum of Art, located at the west end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia 's Fairmount Park, was established in 1876

La Casa Azul

Frida's Casa Azul (Blue House) where she lived and worked in Mexico City is now a museum housing artifacts of her life. Photographs may be taken only outside the house and in the courtyard area.

In popular culture

In 2002, Julie Taymor directed a biographical film about Kahlo, Frida starring Salma Hayek, which grossed US$58 million worldwide. Julie Taymor (born December 15, 1952) is an American director of Broadway theatre and film Frida is a 2002 biographical film which depicts the professional and private life of the surrealist Mexican painter Frida Kahlo Salma Hayek Jiménez (born September 2, 1966) is a Mexican and American The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [13]

In 2006, Kahlo's 1943 painting "Roots" set a US$5. 6 million auction record for a Latin American work. [14]

Latino comic artist Gilbert Hernandez, of Love and Rockets fame, wrote and illustrated a pictorial history of Kahlo's life which used some of the themes of her art within the style of Beto's brief biographical story. Gilberto Hernandez, (first name pronounced /heel-bear-toe/ born February 1, 1957, in Oxnard, California, usually credited as Gilbert Love and Rockets (often abbreviated L&R) is a black and white Comic book series by Gilbert Hernandez and Jaime Hernandez

Additionally, English band Coldplay's fourth studio album's name is based on Kahlo's Viva la Vida painting, but fully entitled Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A musical ensemble is a group of two or more Musicians who perform instrumental or vocal Music. Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again For the song see Viva la Vida (song. Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends (also simply known as Viva la Vida

In Madonna's unreleased song "Superpop" from the Confessions on a Dancefloor sessions, she sings the lyric "If I was a painter I'd be Frida Kahlo. Confessions on a Dance Floor is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna, released on November 15 2005 by Warner Bros "

Her tempestous life was also the subject of a 1991 opera Frida (opera) with music by Robert Xavier Rodriguez, book by Hilary Blecher, lyrics and monologues by Migdalia Cruz, conceived by Hilary Blecher. Frida is an opera based on the life of Mexican painter Frida Kahlo with music by Robert Xavier Rodriguez, book by Hilary Blecher lyrics and monologues For the American writer producer director and musician see Robert Rodriguez.

See also

References

  1. ^ Frida Kahlo. A Self-portrait is a representation of an artist drawn painted photographed or sculpted by the artist See also Western art, History of painting, Western art history, History of art, Art history, Painting, Outline of painting The history of Painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans and spans all cultures Smithsonian. com. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Herrera, Hayden (1983). A Biography of Frida Kahlo. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN-13: 978-0060085896.  
  3. ^ a b Frida Kahlo (1907-1954), Mexican Painter. Biography, www. fridakahlo. com. Retrieved on 2007-06-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks
  4. ^ Frida Kahlo's father wasn't Jewish after all, Meir Ronnen, April 20, 2006, "Books", Jerusalem Post
  5. ^ Budrys, Valmantas (February 2006). Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 "Neurological Deficits in the Life and Work of Frida Kahlo". European Neurology 55 (1).  
  6. ^ Cruz, Barbara (1996). Frida Kahlo: Portrait of a Mexican Painter. Berkeley Heights: Enslow, p. 9. ISBN-13: 0-89490-765-4.  
  7. ^ a b c Emerich, Luis Carlos (1989). Figuraciones y desfiguros de los ochentas. Mexico City: Editorial Diana. ISBN-968-13-1908-7.  
  8. ^ Cada quien su Frida, stage piece. Cada quien su Frida. Retrieved on 2007-08-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul.
  9. ^ Frida (2002)
  10. ^ Lucienne Bloch website at Old Stage Studios
  11. ^ a b Largest-ever exhibit of Frida Kahlo work to open in Mexico. Agence France Presse, Yahoo News (May 29, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  12. ^ Centenary show for Mexican painter Kahlo breaks attendance records. People's Daily Online (August 14, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
  13. ^ Frida (2002)
  14. ^ Frida Kahlo " Roots " Sets $5.6 Million Record at Sotheby's. Art Knowledge News. Retrieved on 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English

Bibliography

External links

General internet resources
Articles and essays
Films
Exhibitions and museums

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