This article is about the religious order. For the surname, see Fryer (surname). Frere / Freer / Fryer / Friar are common surnames A variety of speculative derivations and connections exist concerning the origins of this surname

A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders. The mendicant orders are religious orders which depend directly on the charity of the people for their livelihood

Friars and monks

Friars differ from monks in that they are called to a life of poverty in service to a community, rather than cloistered asceticism and devotion. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective A cloister (from Latin claustrum) is a part of Cathedral, Monastic and Abbey architecture Whereas monks live cloistered away from the world in a self-sufficient community, friars are supported by donations or other charitable support. ^[1]

Name

The name Friar is a corruption of the French word frère ("brother" in English), and dates from the 13th century. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The French word frère in turn comes from the Latin word frater, which also means "brother". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

St. Francis of Assisi called his followers fratres minores, which G. K. Chesterton translated as "little brothers". For the opera by Olivier Messiaen see Saint-François d'Assise. Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936 was an influential English writer of the early 20th century However, another interpretation of fratres minores is "lesser brothers", because the Franciscan order stressed minority or humility. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic

Orders

There are two classes of orders known as friars, or mendicant orders: the four "great orders" and the so-called "lesser orders".

Four great orders

The four great orders were mentioned by the Second Council of Lyons (1274), and are:

• The Dominicans, founded ca. The First Council of Lyon, the Thirteenth Ecumenical Council took place in 1245 The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is 1215. The Dominicans are also known as the "Friar Preachers", or the "Black Friars", from the black mantle ("cappa") worn over their white habit. The Dominicans were founded by St. Dominic and received papal approval from Honorius III, in 1216 as the "Ordo Praedicatorum" under the Rule of St. Augustine. Saint Dominic (Domingo also known as Dominic of Osma, often called Dominic de Guzmán and Domingo de Guzmán Garcés (1170 &ndash August 6 Pope Honorius III (1148 &ndash March 18 1227) born Cencio, was Pope from 1216 to 1227 The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations They became a mendicant order in 1221. The term mendicant (Latin mendicans, begging refers to Begging or relying on charitable donations and is most widely used for religious followers or
• The Franciscans, founded in 1209. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic The Franciscans are also known as the "Friars Minor" or the "Grey Friars". The Franciscans were founded by St. Francis of Assisi and received oral papal approval by Innocent III in 1209 and formal papal confirmation by Honorius III in 1223. For the opera by Olivier Messiaen see Saint-François d'Assise. Pope Innocent III ( February 22, 1161 &ndash June 16, 1216) born Lotario de' Conti di Segni, was Pope from January Pope Honorius III (1148 &ndash March 18 1227) born Cencio, was Pope from 1216 to 1227
• The Carmelites, founded ca. The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by Synecdoche; Latin: Ordo fratrum Beatæ 1155. ^[2] The Carmelites are also known as the "White Friars" because of the white cloak which covers their brown habit. They received papal approval from Honorius III in 1226 and later by Innocent IV in 1247. Pope Honorius III (1148 &ndash March 18 1227) born Cencio, was Pope from 1216 to 1227 Pope Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo Fieschi was Pope from June 28, 1243 to December 7, 1254. The Carmelites were founded as a purely contemplative order, but became mendicants in 1245. There are two types of Carmelites, the Calced and Discalced Carmelites.
• The Augustinians, founded in 1255. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations The Augustinians are also known as the "Hermits of St. Augustine", or the "Austin Friars". Their rule is based on the writings of Augustine of Hippo. The Augustinians were assembled from various groups of hermits as a mendicant order by Alexander IV, from whom they obtained papal approval in 1255. Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca 1185 &ndash May 25 1261) was Pope from 1254 until his death

Lesser orders

The lesser orders are:

• the Minims, established in 1474
• the Conventual Franciscans,^[3] established in 1517
• the Third Order Regular of St. Francis,^[4] established in 1521
• the Capuchin,^[5] established in 1525
• the Discalced Carmelites,^[6] established in 1568
• the Discalced Trinitarians, established in 1599
• the Order of Penance,^[7] established in 1781

Other name use

Friars have been used as a mascot. Minims (also called the Minimi or The Order of the Minims) are followers of a Roman Catholic Religious order founded by Francis of Paola The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv commonly known as the Conventual Franciscans, is a branch of the order of Roman Catholic Friars founded The term Third Order designates persons who live according to the Third Rule of Catholic religious orders either outside of a monastery in the world or in a religious community The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin ( OFM Cap; in England and Ireland, O The Discalced Carmelites, or Barefoot Carmelites, is a Catholic Mendicant order with roots in the eremitic tradition of the Desert Fathers The Order of the Holy Trinity (or Trinitarians) is a Catholic Religious order that was founded in the area of Cerfroid, some 80 km northeast The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic The term mascot – defined as a term for any person animal or object thought to bring Luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common Schools using Friars as a mascot include Fenwick High School in Oak Park, Illinois, Providence College in Providence, Rhode Island, St. Anthony's in Long Island, New York, Malvern Preparatory School in Malvern, Pa, and Monsignor Bonner High School in Drexel Hill, Pa. Monsignor Bonner High School is an all-male Augustinian Catholic High School in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia.

Notes

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