The French alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet. It uses the standard 26 letters. The words in the column "Letter name in French" are sometimes used when discussing the letters (compare English words such as "aich").
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Letter names
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Letter Letter name Pronunciation Spelling A /ɑ/ a B /be/ bé C /se/ cé D /de/ dé E /ə/ e F /ɛf/ effe G /ʒe/ gé H /aʃ/ ache I /i/ i J /ʒi/ ji K /ka/ ka L /ɛl/ elle M /ɛm/ emme N /ɛn/ enne O /o/ o P /pe/ pé Q /ky/ cu R /ɛʁ/ erre S /ɛs/ esse T /te/ té U /y/ u V /ve/ vé W /dublə ve/ double vé X /iks/ ixe Y /igʁɛk/ i grec Z /zɛd/ zède
La nouvelle épellation
In la nouvelle épellation system, the consonant letters were read as follows: be, ke, de, fe, gue, he, je, ke, le, me, ne, pe, ke, re, se, te, ve, we, kse, ze. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people La Francophonie is an international organisation of French-speaking countries and governments and in French, the community of French-speaking peoples French is a Romance language (meaning that it is descended from Latin) that evolved out of the Gallo-Romance Dialects spoken in Northern The Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts is an extensive piece of reform Legislation signed into law by Francis I of France on August 10, French grammar refers to the Grammar of the French language, which is similar to that of the other Romance languages. French Adverbs, like their English counterparts are used to modify Adjectives, other adverbs and Verbs or Clauses. In French, articles and Determiners are required on almost every Common noun; much more so than in English. French Pronouns are inflected to indicate their role in the sentence ( subject, direct object and so on as well as to reflect the person, The French Personal pronouns (analogous to English I, me, you, and so on reflect the person and number of their referent and in the French Verbs are a complex area of French grammar, with a conjugation scheme that allows for three finite moods (with anywhere from two to five See also French verbs French verbs are divided into three conjugations ( conjugaisons) by the ending of their infinitives -er verbs -ir verbs In French, a Verb is inflected to reflect its mood and tense, as well as to agree with its subject in person French Orthography encompasses the Spelling and Punctuation of the French language The Orthography of French was already more or less fixed and from a phonological point of view outdated when its Lexicography developed in the late 17th The Circumflex (^ is one of the five Diacritics used in the French language. See also French language This article mainly discusses the phonological system of standard French based on the Parisian dialect In French, elision refers to the suppression of a final unstressed vowel (usually) immediately before another word beginning with a vowel In French, most written word-final Consonants are silent in most contexts The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Though more phonetically based than the traditional system, it never took hold. [1]
Ligatures
Special ligatures exist for some words:
- œ (œil, fœtus, bœuf. This article is about the typographic ligature for other uses see Oe Œ . . )
- æ (et cætera, tænia, ex æquo. Æ ( minuscule: æ) is a Grapheme formed from the letters A and E. . . )
Notes
- 'W' and 'K' are rarely used except in loan words or regional words, 'ou' is used to represent the /w/ sound; while 'Q' appears more frequently than in English. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation
- vowels are A, E, I, O, U, sometimes Y;
- semi-vowels are Y, rarely W (except regionally, for instance in Belgium);
- usual diacritic marks are acute ( ´ ), grave ( ` ), circumflex ( ˆ ), diaeresis (called tréma in French) ( ¨ ), and the cedilla ( ¸ ). Belgian French (français de Belgique is the variety of French spoken mainly in the French Community of Belgium, alongside related minority Regional languages A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable In Linguistics, diaeresis, or dieresis, is the pronunciation of two adjacent Vowels in two separate Syllables rather than as a Diphthong French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The most frequent combinations are: à â ç é è ê ë î ï ô û ù ü ÿ. Diacritics have no impact on the primary alphabetical order.
- the tilde diacritical mark ( ˜ ), used only above n, is occasionally used with the French alphabet, for well-known words or terms of Spanish origin that have been incorporated in the language (El Niño, cañon, . The tilde (~ (/ˈtɪldə/ is a Grapheme with several uses The name of the character comes from Spanish, from the Latin titulus El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO; commonly referred to as simply El Niño) is a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon . . ) even though they also have an alternate orthography (with "gn" or "ny" instead of "-ñ-"). Like the other diacritics, the tilde has no impact on the primary alphabetical order.
See also
References
- ^ Grevisse, Maurice (1980). Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the Writing systems of many languages throughout the world French Orthography encompasses the Spelling and Punctuation of the French language Maurice Grevisse ( October 7 1895 — July 4 1980) was a Belgian grammarian Le Bon Usage: Grammaire française avec des Remarques sur la langue française d'aujourd'hui, 11th ed. Le Bon Usage (also called "Le Grevisse" is a descriptive book about French grammar first published in 1936 by Maurice Grevisse, and occasionally updated , Paris-Gembloux: Duculot. ISBN 2-8011-0242-3.
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