The French Revolutionary Wars began in 1792. The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Preparations
France declared war on Austria on 20 April 1792. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year But Prussia and other powers had allied themselves with Austria in the expectation of conflict, and thus France faced a coalition and not a single power at the moment when the "emigration", the ferment of the Revolution, and want of material and of funds had thoroughly disorganised her army. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Power in international relations is defined in several different ways Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out" but often carries a connotation of politico-social self- Exile. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an
The army behaved badly in the first engagements. Near Lille (29 April) the French soldiers fled at sight of the Austrian outposts and murdered their general. Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. The commanders-in-chief of the armies became political "suspects"; and before a serious action had been fought, the three armies commanded respectively by Rochambeau, Lafayette and Luckner had been reorganized into two commanded by Dumouriez and Kellermann. Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau ( July 1, 1725 &ndash May 10, 1807) was a French Nikolaus Count Luckner (* January 12, 1722 - January 4 1794 in Paris) was a German in French service who rose to become a Charles François Dumouriez ( January 25, 1739 &ndash March 14, 1823) was a French general of the French Revolutionary Wars François Christophe Kellermann or de Kellermann 1st Duc de Valmy (28 May 1735 - 23 September 1820) was Marshal of France during Thus the disciplined soldiers of the Allies had apparently good reason to consider the campaign would be easy.
On the Rhine, a combined army of Prussians, Austrians, Hessians and émigrés under the Duke of Brunswick was formed for the invasion of France, flanked by two smaller armies on its right and left, all three being under the supreme command of King Frederick William II of Prussia. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out" but often carries a connotation of politico-social self- Exile. Charles William Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel-Bevern ( Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Herzog zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg Fürst von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern Frederick William II (Friedrich Wilhelm II September 25 1744 &ndash November 16 1797) was the fourth King of Prussia, reigning from In the Netherlands, plans called for the Austrians to besiege Lille, and in the south the Piedmontese also took the field. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy.
The first step, taken against Brunswick's advice, was the issue (25 July) of a proclamation which, couched in terms in the last degree offensive to the French nation, generated the spirit that was afterwards to find expression in the "armed nation" of 1793-1794, and sealed the fate of King Louis. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre The duke, a model sovereign in his own principality, sympathised with the constitutional side of the French Revolution, while as a soldier he had no confidence in the success of the enterprise.
Invasion
After completing its preparations in the leisurely manner of the previous generation, his army crossed the French frontier on 19 August 1792. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Allies readily captured Longwy and slowly marched on to Verdun, which appeared more indefensible even than Longwy. Longwy (lɔ̃wi in French Langich is a Town and commune located in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département in northeastern France Verdun (medieval Wirten official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city and commune The commandant there, Colonel Beaurepaire, shot himself in despair, and the place surrendered on 3 September 1792. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Brunswick now began his march on Paris and approached the defiles of the Argonne. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Defile is a geographic term for a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills But Dumouriez, who had been training his raw troops at Valenciennes in constant small engagements, with the purpose of invading Belgium, now threw himself into the Argonne by a rapid and daring flank march, almost under the eyes of the Prussian advance guard, and barred the Paris road, summoning Kellermann to his assistance from Metz. Valenciennes (Old Dutch: Valencijn, Latin: Valentianae) is a Town and commune in northern France in the The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Metz (mɛs in French) is a city in the northeast of France, capital of the Lorraine région and Préfecture Kellermann moved but slowly, and before he arrived the northern part of the line of defence had been forced. Dumouriez, undaunted, changed front so as to face north, with his right wing on the Argonne and his left stretching towards Châlons, and in this position Kellermann joined him at Sainte-Menehould on 19 September 1792. Sainte-Menehould is a town and commune of the Marne département, in northeastern France. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Brunswick meanwhile had passed the northern defiles and had then swung round to cut off Dumouriez from Châlons. At the moment when the Prussian manoeuvre was nearly completed, Kellermann, commanding in Dumouriez's momentary absence, advanced his left wing and took up a position between Sainte-Menehould and Valmy. Valmy is a village and commune in the Sainte-Menehould arrondissement of the Marne département in The result was the world-renowned Cannonade of Valmy (20 September 1792). The Battle of Valmy, also known as the Cannonade of Valmy, was a tactically indecisive artillery engagement but strategically it ensured the survival of the French Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Kellermann’s infantry, nearly all regulars, stood steady. The French artillery justified its reputation as the best in Europe, and eventually, with no more than a half-hearted infantry attack, the duke broke off the action and retired.
This trivial engagement proved the turning-point of the campaign and a watershed in world history. Ten days later, without firing another shot, the invading army began its retreat. Dumouriez did not press the pursuit seriously; he occupied himself chiefly with a series of subtle and curious negotiations which, with the general advance of the French troops, brought about the complete withdrawal of the enemy from the soil of France.
Other fronts
Meanwhile, the French forces in the south had driven back the Piedmontese and had conquered Savoy and Nice. For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek
Another French success was the daring expedition into Germany made by Custine from Alsace. Adam Philippe Comte de Custine ( February 4, 1740 &ndash August 28, 1793) was a French general Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Custine captured Mainz on 21 October 1792 and penetrated as far as Frankfurt. Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.
In the north, the Austrian siege of Lille had completely failed, and Dumouriez now resumed his interrupted scheme for the invasion of the Netherlands. Controlling enormously superior forces, he made his advance late in the season and surprised the Austrians. On 6 November he won the first great victory of the war at Jemappes near Mons and, this time advancing boldly, he overran the whole country from Namur to Antwerp within a month. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with The Battle of Jemappes ( November 6, 1792) took place near the town of Jemappes in Hainaut, Belgium, near Mons. Mons ( Dutch: Bergen, Picard: Mont) is a Walloon City and municipality located in the Belgian Namur ( Namen in Dutch, Nameur in Walloon, Namurcum in Latin) is a City and municipality in ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the
Thus the prelude of what the French call the Epopée ended with French arms everywhere victorious.
Original text from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
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French Revolutionary Wars 1792 |
Succeeded by 1793 |
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