- For Fremington in North Yorkshire see Fremington, North Yorkshire
Fremington is a village in North Devon three miles (5 km) west of Barnstaple. Fremington is a hamlet in the Yorkshire Dales in North Yorkshire, England, almost ajoined onto Reeth and Grinton. This article is about the region of England For the breed of cattle see North Devon cattle. Barnstaple ( IPA /ˈbɑːnstəbl/ is a town in the county of Devon in the south west of England. It was formerly a borough that sent members to Parliament in the reign of Edward III. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. The parish itself includes the neighbouring villages of Bickington and Yelland, the latter only asserting its identity as separate entity during the 1980s. Yelland is a small Village in North Devon between Instow and Fremington in the English county of Devon. Fremington hundreds was one of the 32 historical districts of the county of Devon. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Geographically, the centre of the village is approximately a mile (2 km) south of its Quay, the latter a historic wharf situated on the southern bank of the River Taw. The River Taw rises at Taw Head, a spring on the central northern flanks of Dartmoor.
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Church
The church, St Peter's, was thoroughly 'Victorianised' in 1867 during renovations directed by the architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. Sir George Gilbert Scott ( 13 July 1811 &ndash 27 March, 1878) was an English Architect of the Victorian Age The stone pulpit still carries traces of colour, apparently from the soil in which it was buried during the Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time St Peter's medieval tower is positioned at the east end of the church, to the north of the chancel, an oddity shared in North Devon with Barnstaple and Pilton. Pilton may refer to East Pilton Pilton Devon Pilton Edinburgh Pilton Queensland
The only other architecture of note is Fremington Manor, now a retirement home, situated 50 metres east of St Peter's. It is also a nineteenth century remodeling. Fremington's amenities include two pubs, the Fox and Hounds and the New Inn; they are situated almost next door to each other. The 1st Fremington Air Scouts are also located within the village. Air Scouts are members of the international Scouting movement with a particular emphasis on flying-based activities
Geology
Fremington is famous for Fishley Pottery. Excellent, stone-free clay pits (now mainly worked out) exist in the eastern half of the parish and were also used to form pottery for Barnstaple or 'Barumware'. The clay may have formed in varve lakes, near an ice deposit which lay over Fremington during the Last Glacial Maximum. A varve is an annual layer of Sediment or Sedimentary rock. The word 'varve' is derived from the Swedish word varv whose The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM refers to the time of maximum extent of the Ice sheets during the last Glaciation (the Würm or Wisconsin glaciation) approximately Rare (for south-western England) glacial deposits are found here. Till is unsorted glacial sediment Glacial drift is a general term for the coarsely graded and extremely heterogeneous Sediments of glacial origin Two patches of boulder clay lie over the centre of the parish's bedrock. Boulder clay, in Geology, is a deposit of Clay, often full of boulders which is formed in and beneath Glaciers and ice-sheets wherever they are found but The next nearest boulder clay can be found in the Gower peninsula, South Wales, approximately 45 miles (72 km) due north of Fremington. The nearest deposit of boulder clay in England can be found in the central Cotswolds, 6 miles (10 km) due east of Bourton-on-the-Water and approximately 140 miles (225 km) north-east of Fremington. See also Cotswold The Cotswolds is a range of Hills in west-central England, sometimes called the "Heart of England" Bourton-on-the-Water is a Village in Gloucestershire, England in the Cotswolds area The existence of the boulder clay is puzzling as the southern-most limit of the Devensian glaciation is theorised to have been located over South Wales. "Last glacial" redirects here For the period of maximum glacier extent during this time see Last Glacial Maximum The last glacial period There are few other signs of glaciation in North Devon to support an extension to a more southerly limit. It has been theorised that the surface covering was in some way attached to an ice-mass that drifted across the Bristol Channel and deposited the till over Fremington. Till is unsorted glacial sediment Glacial drift is a general term for the coarsely graded and extremely heterogeneous Sediments of glacial origin This, however, does not fully explain the presence of the nearly co-located varve clay beds.
Railway
The Tarka Trail cycle track (also part of the South West Coast Path), which follows the course of the rail line from Barnstaple to Torrington, passes over Fremington Pill via the old London and South Western Railway iron bridge (railway line closed 1982; dismantled 1987) at Fremington Quay on the old Barnstaple to Torrington railtrack bed. The Tarka Trail is a series of footpaths and cyclepaths around north Devon, England that follow the route taken by Tarka the Otter in the book of that The South West Coast Path is Britain's longest waymarked long-distance footpath and a National Trail. The London and South Western Railway (L&SWR was a Railway company in England from 1838 to 1922 The original railway was first planned in an Act of Parliament in 1838, and laid in 1846 connecting the Penhill with Barnstaple at a cost of £20 000. An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. A number of boats are moored here (in the Pill). The 'Quay Cafe' is located here. Whilst rather charmingly built in the style of a railway station, it is not the original one which was located the other side of the Tarka Trail where an original platform still exists. Other features around the Pill include a couple of Lime kilns, now thoroughly fenced off to prevent accidents. A lime kiln is a Kiln used to produce quicklime by the Calcination of Limestone ( Calcium carbonate)
Quay
Fremington Quay was once important in the import and export of many goods. It had railway sidings, cranes, etc. , for the export of ball clay and 'import' of coal. Ball clays are kaolinitic Sedimentary Clays that commonly consist of 20-80% kaolinite 10-25% Mica, 6-65% Quartz. Between the early to mid-twentieth century it was the busiest (tonnage) port between Bristol and Lands End. In later life an abattoir was located here. A slaughterhouse, also called an abattoir (from the French verb abattre, "to strike down" or freezing works ( New Zealand The quay now has been redeveloped with a restaurant and facilities to enjoy wide views over the Taw estuary. The River Taw rises at Taw Head, a spring on the central northern flanks of Dartmoor. It is now a Conservation Area having been designated such in 1996. A conservation area is a tract of land that has been awarded protected status in order to ensure that natural features cultural heritage or biota are safeguarded
Army Camp
There is an army camp in village which is used as a base to train the Army Air Corps. The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC was the predecessor of the U The camp was originally located here to be within easy marching distance (800 m) from the railway station at the Quay. The site was used by the US Army's 313th Station Hospital for post-D-Day rehabilitation, with room for 2 000 patients. It started receiving casualties on 20th July 1944. It now complements the Marines and Air Force presence at Royal Marines Base Chivenor, situated a mile (2 km) northwards on the opposite bank of the River Taw, and the Amphibious Trials and Training Unit of the Royal Marines at Arromanches Camp, Instow, 2 miles (4 km) to the west. Royal Marines Base Chivenor is a British military base used primarily by the Royal Marines. The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy Instow is a village in north Devon, England. It is on the estuary where the rivers Taw and Torridge meet between the villages of Westleigh
Statistics
The 1848 'Lewis' survey shows the parish has 6810 acres (28 km²), of which 999 acres (4 km²) were waste or common land. The number of dwellings in the village was static between the first Ordnance Survey series in the 1880's until the second world war. Fremington has since multiplied in size several times over. By 2000, the population of the village (rather than the parish) was approximately 4 250. The A39 trunk road, which forms the main route to north-west Devon and north-east Cornwall, was diverted 2 miles (3 km) south of the village in 1989, relieving the village of its annual summer traffic jams.
External links
- Devon County Council Local History of Fremington
- GENUKI entry for Fremington
- Devon Hundreds
- Quay Cafe
- Fremington Medical Centre
- Bideford railway history
- Transporting ball clay
References
- Samuel Lewis (1848): Topographical dictionary of England, 7th Edition
- US Army history R. Samuel Lewis was the editor and publisher of topographical dictionaries and maps of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. L. Diveley and M. Cleveland. Surgery in World War II, Volume II, Chapter 6.
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