Fremantle Perth, Western Australia
Aerial view of Fremantle port
Population:	7,643[1]
Established:	1829
Postcode:	6160
Area:	5. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Postcodes are used in Australia for the purposes of sorting and directing Mail. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 6 km² (2. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 2 sq mi)
Property Value:	AUD $638,000 (six months to Aug 2007)[2]
Location:	19 km (12 mi) SW of Perth
LGA:	City of Fremantle
State District:	Fremantle
Federal Division:	Fremantle
Suburbs around Fremantle: Indian Ocean North Fremantle East Fremantle Indian Ocean Fremantle Palmyra White Gum Valley Indian Ocean South Fremantle Beaconsfield

Fremantle is a port city in Western Australia, located 19 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Perth, the state capital, at the mouth of the Swan River on Australia's western coast. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. The Swan River estuary flows through the city of Perth, in the south west of Western Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. It was the first settlement of the Swan River Colonists in 1829. Swan River Colony was a British settlement established at the Swan River on the west coast of Australia in 1829 It was declared a city in 1929, and has a population of approximately 26,000.

The city is named after Charles Fremantle, the English naval officer who had pronounced possession of Western Australia and who established the camp at the site. Admiral Sir Charles Howe Fremantle RN ( 1 June 1800 - 25 May 1869) was a Captain of the British Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. The city contains well preserved buildings and other heritage sites. The Western Australian vernacular diminutive for Fremantle is "Freo". ^[3]

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Heritage and Buildings 4 Gallery 5 Demographics 6 Leisure and Recreation 7 Sport 8 Suburbs 9 See also 10 Notes 11 External links

Geography

Fremantle lies on a series of limestone hills known by the Nyungar people as Booyeembara; the sandplain to the east is Gardoo. The Noongar (alternate spellings Nyungar / Nyoongar / Nyoongah / Nyungah / Nyugah) are an Indigenous Australian people who live ^[4][5] The original vegetation of the area was mainly Xanthorrhoea and eucalyptus trees, being fired annually (in late spring or summer) by the traditional owners. Eucalyptus (From Greek ευκάλυπτος meaning "well covered" is a diverse Genus of Trees (and a few shrubs the members of which Fire-stick farming is a term coined by Australian archaeologist Rhys Jones in 1969 to describe the practice of Indigenous Australians where fire

Fremantle is the end of a train line that runs from Perth to Fremantle, run by the WA's Public Transport Authority. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. The Public Transport Authority, or PTA, is a Western Australian Statutory authority.

Fremantle is subject to weather and climate relative to seaside communities - to the point that the regular sea breeze is known as the Fremantle Doctor, as it has a cooling effect to provide relief from the summer heat. The Fremantle Doctor, or 'The Freo Doctor' is the Western Australian Vernacular term for the cooling afternoon Sea breeze which occurs during

History

See also: Swan River Colony

On 25 April 1829, the ship HMS Challenger under the guidance of Captain Fremantle had arrived in the waters off the Fremantle coast to make preparations for the Swan River Colony. Swan River Colony was a British settlement established at the Swan River on the west coast of Australia in 1829 Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Eight Ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Challenger, most famously the Survey vessel ''Challenger'' that carried the Admiral Sir Charles Howe Fremantle RN ( 1 June 1800 - 25 May 1869) was a Captain of the British Swan River Colony was a British settlement established at the Swan River on the west coast of Australia in 1829

On 2 May 1829, Captain Fremantle formally took possession on behalf of King George IV the entire west coast of New Holland just near the south head of the Swan River. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display A few days later a camp was set up in a bay just south of the head, and Fremantle has been occupied ever since.

A month later, on 1 June Captain James Stirling on the Parmelia arrived to officially set up the Swan River Colony. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Bold text' ]] ==Family background==He was the fifth son of eight of the fifteen children of Andrew Stirling Esq The Parmelia was a Barque that was used to transport the first civilian officials and settlers of the Swan River Colony to Western Australia Perth itself was not settled until 12 August that year. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia.

Captain Fremantle left the colony on 25 August after providing much assistance to Stirling in setting up the colony. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the It is then when Stirling decided that the port settlement would be called 'Fremantle'. ^[6]

In 1897, Irish-born engineer C. Y. O'Connor deepened Fremantle harbour and removed the limestone bar and sand shoals across the entrance to the Swan River, thus rendering Fremantle a serviceable port for commercial shipping^[7]. C Y O'Connor CMG ( 11 January 1843 – 10 March 1902) full name Charles Yelverton O'Connor, was an Irish Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Shipping is physical process of Transporting goods and Cargo. Fremantle still serves as the chief seaport of Western Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent.

Fremantle has seen many Industrial Conflicts, the most famous of which occurred in 1919 when rioting broke out during The Lumpers Strike, resulting in one death and many being injured. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[8]

During World War II, Fremantle was the 2nd largest base for Allied submarines operating in the Pacific Theater. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including There were up to 125 US, 31 British and 11 Free Dutch Submarines operating out of Fremantle, until the Americans moved forward to the Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The movements and presence of USS Sturgeon (SS-187) is a good example of such activity. 1938 – 1941 Sturgeon completed builder's trials in Monterey Bay and began her shakedown cruise on 15 October, visiting ports in Mexico

Fremantle has produced some significant Australian political figures. John Curtin served as Prime Minister of Australia during World War II, and is often described as one of the nation's greatest political leaders. John Joseph Curtin (8 January 1885 &ndash 5 July 1945 Australian politician and 14th Prime Minister of Australia, led Australia when the Australian mainland came under direct The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. The state's largest university and a major secondary school in Fremantle are named for him, and his statue stands in Kings Square near the Fremantle Town Hall. Curtin University of Technology is a University with its main campus at Bentley, southeast of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. John Curtin College of the Arts is a high school with student intake from the greater Fremantle area in Western Australia. He belonged to the Australian Labor Party. Fremantle has been a safe seat for the ALP since the 1930s. However, its long-time Mayor, Sir Frank Gibson (1919-23 and 1926-52) was also a Liberal politician and sat in Parliament from 1942 to 1956 on a personal vote. Gibson, a pharmacist with a shop in the High Street, was admired by all sides of politics for his civic leadership and his tireless work for the City, especially during World War II, when he is said to have visited every ship that called at the port. He was a leading figure in many civic organisations and his stepson, Dr Roger Dunkley, was medical officer with the 2nd/2nd Independent Company during the Timor campaign in World War II. Timor is an Island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, north of the Timor Sea.

The distinctive WA Maritime Museum building on Victoria Quay

Heritage and Buildings

Fremantle's harbour mouth sites the maritime museum. The Western Australian Museum is the main Museum for the state of Western Australia. It also has an extensive and well preserved heritage, including; convict-built colonial era buildings, the old jetty and port, and prisons which constitute a variety and unity of historic buildings. These were often built in limestone with ornate facades in a succession of architectural styles. Rapid development following the harbour works gave rise to an Edwardian precinct as merchant and shipping companies built in the West end and on reclaimed land. Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid ^[9]

The Round House, the oldest remaining building in Western Australia, was built as a gaol between 1830 - 1831. ----The Round House ( is the oldest building still standing in Western Australia. ^[10] The Round House had eight cells and a gaoler's residence, which all opened up into a central courtyard. In the 1800s, bay whaling was carried out from Bathers Beach below the Round House. Whaling in Western Australia was one of the first viable industries established in the Swan River Colony following the arrival of British As part of the whaling operations, a tunnel was constructed under the Round House to provide whalers with access to the town from the jetty and beach.

When the first 75 convicts arrived from Britain in 1850 to support the colony's dwindling population, it became apparent that the Round House was inadequate to house them. Fremantle Prison is a former Australian prison located in The Terrace Fremantle, in Western Australia. A convict is "a person found guilty of a Crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison" sometimes referred to in Slang The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The convicts built a new gaol, which was completed in the 1850s and continued to be used as Fremantle's prison until 1991.

The Round House is located in what is now known as Fremantle's West End: a collection of streets characterised by late Georgian and Victorian-style architecture at the tip of the southern end of the port. Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840 The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. A process of gentrification in the early 1990s was accelerated by the establishment of the University of Notre Dame Australia, which occupies, and has restored, many of the buildings in the West End. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class The University of Notre Dame Australia (UNDA is a private Roman Catholic University established in 1990 in the Western Australian port

Fremantle Prison was once one of the most notorious prisons in the British Empire. Fremantle Prison is a former Australian prison located in The Terrace Fremantle, in Western Australia. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. It housed British convicts, local prisoners, military prisoners, enemy aliens and prisoners of war. It is now one of the state's heritage sites. Fremantle Prison was featured on an episode of The Amazing Race in 2006. The Amazing Race, sometimes referred to as TAR, is a Reality television Game show in which teams of two people (with one exception

The majestic Fremantle History Museum is another building constructed in the 1860s by convicts from indigenous limestone: it is a former asylum building on Ord Street, and is one of Fremantle's most significant landmarks. A psychiatric hospital (previously called insane asylum, mental hospital; or derogatorily looney bin, nut house or Funny Farm) is This building was the land base of the U. S. Navy during WWII. It now also houses the Fremantle Arts Centre and the Immigration Museum, which aims to preserve the history and stories of all immigrants who arrived in Western Australia. The Fremantle Arts Centre is an historic landmark building in Fremantle Western Australia.

The Fremantle Markets opened in 1897, forming a precinct providing handicrafts, specialty foods, dining halls and fish and vegetable markets. Fremantle Hospital is a 24 hour acute-care public teaching Hospital situated in central Fremantle, Western Australia, south of Perth. The Fremantle Markets are a Public market located on the corner of South Terrace and Henderson Street Fremantle Western Australia. The area also hosts buskers and other street performers. Busking is the practice of performing in Public places for Tips and Gratuities. The Premier of Western Australia, Sir John Forrest, laid the foundation stone for the markets on Saturday 6 November 1897. The Premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive government in the Australian State of Western Australia. Sir John Forrest GCMG (22 August 1847 – 2 September 1918 was an Australian explorer the first Premier of Western Australia and a cabinet minister in Australia Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Over 150 stalls are housed in its old Victorian-era building, which was listed by the National Trust and Heritage Council in 1980. The adjacent Sail & Anchor Hotel is a historic building which contains a microbrewery. A microbrewery, or craft brewery, is a modern Brewery which produces a limited amount of beer usually with an orientation toward distinctive and flavorful products

The National Hotel, one of the city's historic buildings, was almost destroyed by fire on the night of Sunday, March 11, 2007 - while the inside was gutted, the historic facade was saved and its new owners are working to stabilise the building and restore it so the hotel can operate once more.

The National Trust of Australia have designated the grave of formerAC/DC lead singer Bon Scott a national heritage site, in recognition of the thousands of rock music fans who visit it each year^[11]. AC/DC are an Australian Hard rock band formed in Sydney, Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young. Ronald Belford "Bon" Scott (9 July 1946 – 19 February 1980 was an Australian rock musician most well-known for being the lead singer and Lyricist

Gallery

The National Hotel before the 2007 fire

Fremantle Markets

Arts Centre

Demographics

Fremantle has a broadly mixed-class of professions yet high unemployment (10. The Fremantle Markets are a Public market located on the corner of South Terrace and Henderson Street Fremantle Western Australia. 2%), multi ethnic population, and an above average proportion of rented dwellings (43%) of which larger than average proportion owned by Homeswest (40. 1%). ^[12] Fremantle has supported the Australian Labor Party at both Federal and state elections. The Parliament of Western Australia consists of the Western Australian Legislative Council, the Western Australian Legislative Assembly and the Governor ^[13]

For a town of smaller size Fremantle is very diverse. Only 64% of the population was born in Australia. The largest overseas-born population groups come from the United Kingdom, Italy, New Zealand, Ireland and Germany. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. There are also sizeable Portuguese(Madeiran) and Croatian communities. The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries

On Census Night 4,485 persons in Fremantle (State Suburb) stated they were born in Australia. Other popular responses within Fremantle (State Suburb) were 760 born in England, 325 born in Italy, 210 born in New Zealand, 118 born in Scotland and 69 born in Portugal. ^[14]

Some 57% of the population is Christian, largely Roman Catholic and Anglican. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs ^[15]

Leisure and Recreation

The city is popular with diners, catering for all tastes and budgets. Italian and Asian cuisine is abundant as well as a vast variety of seafood restaurants. There are numerous cafes and coffee shops situated around Fremantle, particularly on its famous 'Cappuccino Strip' - a section of South Terrace given over to alfresco dining since 1977. En plein air is a French expression which means "in the open air" and is particularly used to describe the act of Painting outdoors ^[16]

The city has an operational fishing boat harbour which contain markets and restaurants, developed as a tourist precinct. Fishing charter boats also operate from this harbour.

Fremantle is a popular place for its nightlife, second only to Northbridge in Perth's CBD. It attracts people from all over the metropolitan region for its pubs, bars and nightclubs.

Fremantle is home to Bathers Beach, South Beach, Port Beach, Leighton Beach and Sandtrax with several of Western Australia's other beautiful beaches nearby on Transperth's Fremantle railway line, most notably Cottesloe Beach, less than ten minutes away by rail. Transperth is the brand name of the public transport system in Perth, Western Australia. History The line was the first suburban railway line in Perth opening on March 1, 1881. Cottesloe is a western suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Its Local Government Area is the Town of Cottesloe.

The cooling breeze blowing from Fremantle to Perth during the hot summer is colloquially known as the "Fremantle Doctor". The Fremantle Doctor, or 'The Freo Doctor' is the Western Australian Vernacular term for the cooling afternoon Sea breeze which occurs during

Sport

In 2011 Fremantle will host the ISAF Sailing World Championships. The ISAF Sailing World Championships are held every four years since 2003 for the sailing classes used in the Sailing at the Summer Olympics.

Fremantle was the host city for the America's Cup yachting race in 1987, after Australia was the first country to ever win the race, aside from the USA, in 1983. The America’s Cup is the most prestigious Regatta and Match race in the sport of Sailing, and the oldest active Trophy in international Background The 1983 America's Cup off Newport Rhode Island was arguably one of the most significant in the history of the Cup See also America's Cup The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first successful challenge to the New York Yacht Club 's 132-year defence of a Sailing The unsuccessful cup defence was conducted on the waters in Gage Roads, off Fremantle. Gage Roads,, also known as Success Bank, is the Sea channel in the Indian Ocean offshore from Perth, Western Australia

Fremantle is the home to an AFL team, the Fremantle Football Club (colloquially known as the Dockers). The Australian Football League (AFL is both the professional Australian national competition in the Sport of Australian Rules Football and its highest Fremantle Football Club, unofficially nicknamed The Dockers and known informally as "Freo" is one of 16 teams in the Australian Football League (AFL It has a fierce rivalry with the West Coast Eagles, the only other West Australian AFL team. This rivalry is put on display twice a year when the two teams play each other in a match known as the Western Derby (In WA it is pronounced as Durby rather than Darby) at Subiaco Oval, attracting capacity crowds. The Western Derby (ˈdɝbiː is the name given to the Australian Football League match between the Fremantle Dockers and West Coast Eagles football Subiaco Oval, known colloquially as Subi, is the highest capacity sports Stadium in Perth, Western Australia. The city also has two teams in the state football league (WAFL), East Fremantle and South Fremantle. Current teams The teams currently playing in the WAFL are Salary Cap The WAFL is classed as a Semi-professional competition and has a Salary Home ground: East Fremantle Oval, Moss Street East Fremantle Formed: 1898 Colours The South Fremantle Football Club, nicknamed The Bulldogs is a semi-professional Australian rules football club and one of nine clubs that compete in the The derbies are played at Fremantle Oval and East Fremantle Oval. Fremantle Oval is a Stadium in the heart of Fremantle Western Australia. East Fremantle Oval is a multi-use Stadium located in East Fremantle, Australia.

Suburbs

• Beaconsfield
• East Fremantle
• Fremantle
• Hilton*
• North Fremantle
• O'Connor
• Samson
• South Fremantle
• White Gum Valley

( * indicates suburb partially located within City)

See also

• Fremantle Prison
• Fremantle Hospital
• Fremantle Football Club
• Fremantle railway station

Notes

External links

• Fremantle historical time-line
• Tourist Information on Fremantle
• City of Fremantle
• Festivals in Fremantle
• Fremantle Trails
• Fremantle Chamber of Commerce
• abs-cbnnews.com, 48 hours in Fremantle

• Fremantle, Western Australia is at coordinates 32°03′25″S 115°44′38″E / -32.0569, 115.7439 (Fremantle, Western Australia)Coordinates: 32°03′25″S 115°44′38″E / -32.0569, 115.7439 (Fremantle, Western Australia)

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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