Freiburg
Coat of arms	Location
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region	Freiburg
District	Urban district
City subdivisions	41 districts
Lord Mayor	Dieter Salomon (Greens)
Basic statistics
Area	153. Freiburg can refer to Freiburg im Breisgau, a large city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany Freiburg (district, a former Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Freiburg is one of the four Regierungsbezirke of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the south-west of the country German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Dr Dieter Salomon (born August 9, 1960 in Melbourne, Australia) is a German politician and Mayor of Freiburg im Breisgau The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 07 km² (59. 1 sq mi)
Elevation	278 m  (912 ft)
Population	217,547  (31/12/2006)[1]
- Density	1,421 /km² (3,681 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	FR
Postal codes	79098 - 79117
Area codes	0761, 07664, 07665
Website	www.freiburg.de Coordinates: 47°59′0″N 07°51′0″E / 47.98333, 7.85

Freiburg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany (where it is officially known by its full name, Freiburg im Breisgau), on the western edge of the southern Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald). The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Breisgau is the name of an area in southwest Germany, placed between the river Rhine and the foothills of the Black Forest around Freiburg For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. Popular opinion has it that Freiburg is the warmest city in Germany. It straddles the Dreisam river, on the foothills of the Schlossberg. The city is surrounded by the Black Forest mountains Rosskopf and Bromberg in the east, and in the south and west by the Schönberg, Tuniberg and the Kaiserstuhl. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. The Kaiserstuhl (literally "emperor's chair" is a small group of hills of mostly volcanic origin in the Upper Rhine Valley in southwest Germany

Contents 1 History 2 Culture 3 Government 4 Education 5 Transportation 6 Sports 7 Sister cities 8 Pop culture references 9 Notable residents 10 Gallery 11 External links 12 References

History

Freiburg was founded in the 12th century (1120) by Duke Konrad of Zähringen as a free market town; hence its name, which translates to "free (or independent) town"--the word Burg, like the modern English word borough, was used in those days for an incorporated city or town, usually one with some degree of autonomy. Zähringen is the name of an old and influential German noble family taken from the castle and village of that name A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice ^[2] The town was strategically located at a junction of trade routes between the Mediterranean and North seas, and the Rhine and Danube rivers. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj In the year 1200, Freiburg's population numbered around 6,000 people. At about this time, under the rule of Bertold V, the last duke of Zähringen, the city began construction of its Minster (Münster in German) on the site of an older parish church. The Freiburg Minster ( German: Freiburger Münster) is the cathedral of Freiburg, southwest Germany. Begun in the Romanesque style, it was continued and completed 1513 for the most part as a Gothic cathedral. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. In 1218, when Bertold V died, the counts of Urach assumed the title of Freiburg's count. ^[3] The city council did not trust the new nobles and wrote down their established rights in a document. At the end of the 13th century there was a feud between the citizens of Freiburg and their lord, Count Egino II of Freiburg. Egino raised taxes and sought to limit the citizens' freedom, after which the Freiburgers used catapults to destroy the count's castle atop Schloßberg, a hill that overlooks the city center. The furious count called on his brother-in-law the bishop of Strasbourg, Konradius von Lichtenberg, for help. The bishop answered by marching with his army to Freiburg. An old legend in Freiburg tells that a butcher named Hauri stabbed the Bishop of Strasbourg to death on July 29, 1299. A Pyrrhic victory, since henceforth the citizens of Freiburg had to pay an annual expiation of 300 marks in silver to the count of Freiburg until 1368. In 1366 the counts of Freiburg made another failed attempt to occupy the city during a night raid. Eventually the citizens were fed up with their lords, and in 1368 Freiburg purchased its independence from them. The city turned itself over to the protection of the Habsburgs, who allowed the city to retain a large measure of freedom. Most of the nobles of the city died in the battle of Sempach (1386). The Battle of Sempach was fought on July 9, 1386 between Leopold III Duke of Austria, and the Old Swiss Confederacy. The patrician family Schnewlin took control of the city until the guildsmen revolted. Patricianship, the quality of belonging to a patriciate, began in the ancient world where cities such as Ancient Rome had a class of Patrician families The guilds became more powerful than the patricians in 1389.

The silver mines in Mount Schauinsland (which means "look into the country") provided an important source of capital for Freiburg. This silver made Freiburg one of the richest cities in Europe, and in 1327 Freiburg minted its own coin, the Rappenpfennig. In 1377 the cities of Freiburg, Basel, Colmar, and Breisach entered into an alliance known as the Genossenschaft des Rappenpfennigs (Rappenpfennig Collective). This alliance facilitated commerce between the cities, and Freiburg's Rappenpfennig was in use from the upper Rhine region to northern Switzerland. The alliance lasted until the end of the 16th century. There were 8,000-9,000 people living in Freiburg between the 13th and 14th centuries, and 30 churches and monasteries. At the end of the 14th century, the veins of silver were dwindling and by 1460, only around 6,000 people still lived within Freiburg's city walls. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors A university city, Freiburg evolved from its focus on mining to become a cultural centre for the arts and sciences. It was also a commercial centre. The end of the Middle Ages and the dawn of the Renaissance was a time of both advances and tragedy for Freiburg. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere

In 1457, Duke Albrecht VI established Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, one of Germany's oldest universities. The Freiburg Minster ( German: Freiburger Münster) is the cathedral of Freiburg, southwest Germany. In 1498, Emperor Maximilian I held Reichstag in Freiburg. In 1520, the city ratified a set of legal reforms, widely considered the most progressive of the time. The aim was to find a balance between city traditions and old Roman Law. Roman law is the legal system of Ancient Rome. As used in the West the term commonly refers to legal developments prior to the Roman/Byzantine state's adopting The reforms were well received, especially the sections dealing with civil process law, punishment and the city's constitution.

In 1520, Freiburg decided not to take part in the Reformation and became an important center for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Upper Rhine (Oberrhein is the part of the Rhine that flows northbound after Basel, Switzerland, along the Rhine rift, and then westward In 1536, a strong and persistent belief in witchcraft led to the city's first witch-hunt. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers "Witch trial" redirects here For the song by Rush, see Fear series. The need to find a scapegoat for calamities such as the Black Plague, which claimed 2,000 area residents (25% of the city population) in 1564, led to an escalation in witch-hunting that reached its peak in 1599. The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia A plaque on the old city wall marks the spot where burnings were carried out.

The 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries were turbulent times for Freiburg. Through battles in the Thirty Years' War (at the beginning of this war there were 10,000-14,000 citizens in Freiburg; by its end only 2,000) and other conflicts, the city belonged at various times to the Austrians, the French, the Swedish, the Spanish, and various members of the German Confederacy. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Austrians (Österreicher are a nation and an ethnic group originating from the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states ( March of Austria, This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to In the period between 1648 and 1805, it was the administrative headquarters of Further Austria, the Habsburg territories in the southwest of Germany, when the city was not under French occupation. Further Austria or Anterior Austria ( Vorderösterreich, die Vorlande) was the collective name for the old possessions of the Habsburgs in Baden In 1805, the city, together with the Breisgau and Ortenau areas, became part of Baden. Breisgau is the name of an area in southwest Germany, placed between the river Rhine and the foothills of the Black Forest around Freiburg Ortenaukreis is a district ( Kreis) in the west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine.

In 1827, when the Archdiocese of Freiburg was founded, Freiburg became the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop.

In 1889, the entire city had to be evacuated when the noxious compound thioacetone was produced in a laboratory.

On October 22, 1940, the Nazi Gauleiter of Baden ordered the deportation of all Baden's Jews, and 350 Jewish citizens of Freiburg were deported^[4] to the southern French internment camp of Gurs in the Basses-Pyrénées. A city gate is a Gate which is or was set within a City wall. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German A Gauleiter was the party leader of a regional branch of the NSDAP (more commonly known as the Nazi Party) or the head of a Gau or of a Camp Gurs was an internment and refugee camp constructed by the French government in 1939 Pyrénées-Atlantiques ( Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio-Atlantiarrak or Pirinio-Atlantikoak) is a department They remained there under poor conditions until the majority of the survivors were sent to their deaths at Auschwitz on July 18, 1942. "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany The cemetery for German Jews who died at Gurs is maintained by the town of Freiburg and other cities of Baden. A memorial stands outside the modern synagogue in the town centre. The pavements of Freiburg carry memorials to individual victims in form of brass plates outside former residences, including that of Edith Stein. Edith Stein ( October 12, 1891 &ndash August 9, 1942) was a German-Jewish philosopher, a Carmelite nun Martyr

The city was heavily bombed during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1940 German planes mistakenly dropped approximately 60 bombs on Freiburg near the train station. A raid by more than 300 bombers of RAF Bomber Command on 27 November 1944 destroyed a large portion of the city centre, with the notable exception of the Münster, which was only lightly damaged. After the war, the city was rebuilt on its medieval plan. It became for a short time the site of government for the German state Badenia, which was merged into Baden-Württemberg soon after. Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was occupied by the French Army in 1945. The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest They maintained a presence in the city until 1991, when the last tank division left the city.

On the site of the former French army base, a new neighborhood for 5,000 people, Vauban, was begun in the late 1990s as a "sustainable model district". Vauban is a new Neighborhood of 5000 inhabitants and 600 jobs 4km to the south of the town center in Freiburg, Germany. Solar power is used to power many of the households in this small community.

Culture

Because of its scenic beauty, relatively warm and sunny climate and easy access to the Black Forest, Freiburg is a hub for regional tourism. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The longest cable car run in Germany, which is 3. An aerial tramway is a type of Aerial lift in which a cabin is suspended from a cable and is pulled by another cable 6 km, or about 2. 25 miles (3. 62 km) long runs from Günterstal up to a nearby mountain called Schauinsland. thumb|Winter on Schauinsland famous "Windbuchen" ([[beech]]es bent by the wind Schauinsland (literally "look into the country" near Freiburg The city has an unusual system of gutters (called Bächle) that run throughout its centre. The Freiburg Bächle are small Canals in the Black Forest city of Freiburg. These Bächle, once used to provide water to fight fires and feed livestock, are constantly flowing with water diverted from the Dreisam. These Bächle were never used for sewage, as such usage could lead to harsh penalties, even in the Middle Ages. During the summer, the running water provides natural cooling of the air, and offers a pleasant, gurgling sound. It is said that if you step in a Bächle, you will marry a Freiburger, or 'Bobbele'.

The Augustinerplatz is one of the central squares in the old city. Formerly the location of an Augustine monastery which became the Augustinermuseum in 1921, it is now a popular social space for Freiburg's younger residents. It has a number of restaurants and bars, including the local brewery 'Feierling', which has a Biergarten. Beer garden derieves from the German name "Biergarten" and is an open-air area where beverages (preferably beer and prepared food are served On warm summer nights, hundreds of students gather here.

At the centre of the old city is the Münsterplatz, its largest square. This article lists the largest city squares ordered by area. Areas given are in Square meters (m² as noted in the articles or the reference provided but may not A farmers' market takes place here every day except Sundays. This is the site of Freiburg's Münster, a gothic Minster Cathedral constructed of red sandstone, built between 1200 and 1530. The Freiburg Minster ( German: Freiburger Münster) is the cathedral of Freiburg, southwest Germany. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. In English usage Minster is an honorific title attached to certain major medieval churches This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral The Freiburg Münster is noted for its towering spire.

The Historisches Kaufhaus, or historical marketplace, is a Renaissance building constructed between 1520 and 1530 which was once the center of the financial life of the region. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Its façade is decorated with the coat of arms of the Habsburgs. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people

The Altes Rathaus, or old city hall, was completed in 1559 and has a painted façade.

The Platz der alten Synagoge "Old Synagogue Square" is one of the more important squares on the outskirts of the historic old city. The square was the location of a Synagogue until it was destroyed on the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Kristallnacht ( literally "Crystal night" or the Night of Broken Glass was a Pogrom in Nazi Germany on November 9–10 1938

St. George is the Patron Saint of Freiburg. In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members

Government

Freiburg is known as an "eco-city". In recent years it has attracted solar industries and research; the Greens have a stronghold here (the strongest in any major German city; up to 25% of the votes city-wide, in some neighbourhoods reaching 40% or more in the 2002 national elections). Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional The newly built neighbourhoods of Vauban and Rieselfeld were developed and built according to the idea of sustainability. Vauban is a new Neighborhood of 5000 inhabitants and 600 jobs 4km to the south of the town center in Freiburg, Germany. Rieselfeld is a district of the German city of Freiburg. Rieselfeld is one of the two recent new localities and was founded in 1992 Sustainability, in a general sense is the capacity to maintain a certain process or state indefinitely The citizens of Freiburg are known in Germany for their love of cycling and recycling. Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials reduce ^[5]

The Oberbürgermeister, Dr. Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress Dieter Salomon, (elected in 2002), is the only member of Bündnis 90/Die Grünen who holds such an office in a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Dr Dieter Salomon (born August 9, 1960 in Melbourne, Australia) is a German politician and Mayor of Freiburg im Breisgau See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional However, his deputy, Otto Neideck, is a member of the conservative party, the CDU.

In June 1992, the Freiburg city council adopted a resolution that it would only permit construction of "low energy buildings" on municipal land, and all new buildings must comply with certain "low energy" specifications. Generically a low-energy house is any type of house that uses less energy than a regular house Low energy housing uses solar power passively as well as actively. In addition to solar panels and collectors on the roof, providing electricity and hot water, many passive features use the sun’s energy to regulate the temperature of the rooms. ^[5]

Freiburg is host of a number of international organisations, in particular ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability and ISES - International Solar Energy Society. International Organization is a peer-reviewed Academic journal that covers the entire field of International affairs. ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability is an International association of local Governments and national and regional local government organizations The International Solar Energy Society (ISES is a global organization for promoting the development and utilisation of Renewable energy.

See also: List of mayors of Freiburg

Education

Freiburg is a famous center of academics and research. The following is a list of all Mayors ("Oberbürgermeister" or " Lord Mayor " of Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, since 1806. Some of the greatest minds have lived and worked in Freiburg and the city houses one of the oldest and most renowned German universities, the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, as well as its equally prestigious medical center. Overview The University Medical Center Freiburg (Universitätsklinikum Freiburg is one of the largest medical centers in Germany as well as one of the most Freiburg is also home to various other institutes of education and research, among them are: the Freiburg University of Education, the Protestant University of Applied Sciences Freiburg, the Freiburg Music University, the Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg, three Max Planck Institutes, and five Fraunhofer Institutes. The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is a German research organization with 58 institutes spread throughout Germany each focusing on different fields of applied

Transportation

Freiburg has an extensive pedestrian zone in the city centre where no automobiles are allowed. Car-free zones (also known as auto-free zones and pedestrian zones) are areas of a city or town in which automobile traffic is prohibited Freiburg also has an excellent public transit system, anchored by a continually expanding web of tram routes known as the Straßenbahn. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

Freiburg is on the main Frankfurt am Main - Basel train line with frequent and fast long-distance train services to major German and other European cities. "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. Other train lines run east into the Black Forest and west to Breisach. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. Breisach is a city with approximately 16500 people situated along the Rhine in the Rhine Valley, in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald,

The city is also served by the A5 Frankfurt am Main - Basel motorway. is a 445 km (277 mi long Autobahn in Germany. Its northern end is the Hattenbach triangle intersection (with the A 7. "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly.

Freiburg is served by Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg International Airport, actually located in France. EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg is an international airport near Basel ( Switzerland) Mulhouse ( France) and Freiburg ( This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This is now a base for the low-cost carrier, EasyJet. EasyJet Airline Company Limited, styled as easyJet, is a low cost airline based at London Luton Airport. The airport Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden (Baden Airpark) is situated approximately 120 km north of Freiburg and is served by, inter alia, the low-cost carrier Ryanair. Baden Airpark, or officially Flughafen Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden, is an international Airport located in the state of Baden-Württemberg in Ryanair (,) is an Irish Airline with headquarters in Dublin and its biggest operational base at London Stansted Airport in the UK

Sports

Freiburg is home to football team SC Freiburg. Sport-Club Freiburg, commonly known as SC Freiburg, is a German football club, based in the city of Freiburg in the Breisgau Their home stadium is Badenova-Stadion. Dreisamstadion (or Badenova-Stadion is a multi-use Stadium in Freiburg, Germany. The home of the EHC Freiburg is the Franz-Siegel Halle. Freiburger FC are a club which had early success in the 20th century, but now compete in lower divisions. Freiburger FC is a German football club based in Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg.

Sister cities

Freiburg has several sister cities throughout the world:

• Besançon, France; since 1959. Besançon (bəzɑ̃ˈsɔ̃ in French and Arpitan; German: Bisanz) is the capital and principal city of the Franche-Comté This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
• Innsbruck, Austria; since 1963. Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
• Padua, Italy; since 1967. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
• Guildford, England; since 1979. Guildford ( IPA /ˈgɪlfəd/ is the County town of Surrey, England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford and the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• Madison, United States; since 1987. Madison is the capital of the US state of Wisconsin and the County seat of Dane County. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• Matsuyama, Japan; since 1988. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
• Lviv, Ukraine; since 1989. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.
• Granada, Spain; since 1991. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
• Isfahan, Iran; since 2000. Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's controversial comments, which included questioning the dimension of the Holocaust, have sparked discussions concerning Freiburg's partnership with Isfahan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (محمود احمدی‌نژاد; born October 28, 1956) is the sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Immediately following the comments, Freiburg's mayor Salomon postponed a trip to Isfahan, but most people involved, especially those in the Alliance '90/The Greens party, were opposed to cancelling the partnership. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional ^[6]

Pop culture references

The title of the first track on the Hamburg based band Tocotronic's debut LP Digital ist Besser is Freiburg and seems to reflect the bands angst-driven dislike of the city. Tocotronic is a German rock band founded in 1993 (see 1993 in music)

Notable residents

• Friedrich von Hayek, economist
• Hans F. K. Günther, Nazi eugenicist
• Dany Heatley, player for the Ottawa Senators NHL team
• Martin Heidegger, philosopher (originally not from Freiburg, taught in Freiburg)
• Edmund Husserl, philosopher
• Boris Kodjoe, model and actor
• Benjamin Lebert, author and newspaper columnist
• Joachim Löw, coach of the German national football team. Friedrich August von Hayek CH ( May 8, 1899 March 23, 1992) was an Austrian British Economist Hans Friedrich Karl Günther ( February 16 1891 in Freiburg – September 25 1968 also in Freiburg Daniel "Dany" James Heatley (born January 21 1981 in Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany) is a Canadian professional hockey player The Ottawa Senators (Les Sénateurs d'Ottawa are a professional Ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America Martin Heidegger ( September 26, 1889 &ndash May 26, 1976) (ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪ̯dɛgɐ was an influential German philosopher Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (ˈhʊsɛrl April 8 1859 – April 26 1938) was a philosopher, known as the father of Boris Kodjoe (born 8 March 1973 is American actor Biography Early life Kodjoe was born in Vienna, Austria, the son of Ursula a Benjamin Lebert (born 9 January 1982) is a German Author. He was born in Freiburg. Joachim "Jogi" Löw [joʔaˈxiːm (joːgi løːf] (born 3 February 1960 in Schönau im Schwarzwald) is the coach of the The German national football team (Die deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft From 1950 to 1990 the team was also informally called West Germany in English as since
• Karl Rahner, Catholic theologian
• Wolfgang Schäuble, Minister of the Interior, 1989 - 1991, in Helmut Kohl and, 2005 - current, Angela Merkel governments. Karl Rahner, SJ ( March 5, 1904 &mdash March 30, 1984) was a German theologian one of the most influential Roman Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born 3 April 1930 is a German conservative politician and statesman (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany.
• Jürgen Schrempp, former head of DaimlerChrysler
• Berthold Schwarz, fabled alchemist who supposedly introduced gunpowder to Germany
• Til Schweiger, actor and director
• Hermann Staudinger, Nobel Prize in chemistry "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
• Edith Stein, Saint of the Roman Catholic Church, martyred by the Nazis, member of the Freiburg faculty; her residence is marked by a plaque. Jürgen Erich Schrempp (born September 15, 1944 in Freiburg) was until December 31, 2005, the CEO of DaimlerChrysler Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and Berthold Schwarz was a Franciscan monk in Freiburg, Germany. Born Konstantin Anklitzen, he adopted his new name when he entered the Monastery Alchemy a part of the Occult Tradition is both a philosophy and a practice with an ultimately unknown aim involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of Tilman Valentin Schweiger (born December 19, 1963) is a German Actor, director, and producer. Hermann Staudinger ( March 23, 1881 &ndash September 8, 1965) was a German chemist who demonstrated the existence of Macromolecules The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry is a multidisciplinary Science that deals with the Chemical synthesis and chemical properties of Edith Stein ( October 12, 1891 &ndash August 9, 1942) was a German-Jewish philosopher, a Carmelite nun Martyr
• Martin Waldseemüller, the inventor of the name America
• August Weismann, biologist
• Bernhard Witkop, organic chemist

Gallery

The Freiburger Münster	Inside the belfry of the Freiburger Münster	Landscape seen from the Schlossberg	The Martinstor
The Schwabentor	The Historic Marketplace (Historisches Kaufhaus) at the Münsterplatz	Observation tower on the Schlossberg	Freiburg's town-hall
Freiburg's main train station (Hauptbahnhof)	The Konzerthaus (concert hall)	Stadttheater	A Bächle in the centre of Freiburg
View of Freiburg	Haus zum Walfisch	Colombi Palace	Fischbrunnen or Fish Fountain

External links

• Official website
• Freiburg:History and images (German)
• City of Freiburg and the Black Forest
• Augustinermuseum
• VAG Freiburg Freiburg Public Transit Authority
• Freiburg-Home.com - Information & Reviews about Freiburg in English for expats, tourists and the community
• Solar City - Germany August 2000
• Webcams in Freiburg and the Black Forest
• Tramway in Freiburg
• fudder - a popular online-mag for young people (Winner of Grimme Online Award 2007)
• Freiburg's History for Pedestrians

References

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
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