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For the role-playing game campaign setting, see Freedom City. Freedom City is a fictional city-based Campaign setting for the Roleplaying game Mutants and Masterminds.

Freedom of the City is an honour bestowed by some municipalities in Australia, Canada, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States to esteemed members of its community or to organisations that have given the community heroic service; the term applies to two separate honours, one civilian and one military. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Key to the City is a similar award made in several other countries, and is more prevalent in the United States.

Contents

Forms of Freedom of the City

As a Military Privilege

Freedom of the City is an ancient honour granted to martial organisations, allowing them the privilege to march into the city "with drums beating, colours flying, and bayonets fixed". The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. In military organizations the practice of carrying colours standards or Guidons, to act both as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander is thought A bayonet (from French baïonnette) is a Knife - Dagger - or spike-shaped Weapon designed to fit on or over the muzzle

This honour dates back to the laws of ancient Rome that made it a capital offence for Roman legions to enter the city in formation or with weapons without permission. This was meant to ensure that ambitious generals did not mount a military coup against the Senate. Similar laws were passed by cities throughout the Medieval era, also to protect civic security and rights, even against their own king's troops.

However, legions, regiments, or other martial groups that had given heroic service or whose honour was beyond question, might be granted Freedom of the City: the group would not have to disarm or break ranks before the city gates were opened to them. Given the serious risk the city would be running, this was a rare honour.

Today, martial Freedom of the City is an entirely ceremonial honour, but remains the oldest and one of the highest civic honours in the Commonwealth of Nations. [1]

As Freedom from Serfdom

See also: Honorary Freedom of Boroughs Act 1885

A slightly more common Freedom of the City is connected to the medieval concept of "Free status", when city and town charters drew a distinction between freemen and vassals of a feudal Lord. The Honorary Freedom of Boroughs Act 1885 is a law passed by the United Kingdom Parliament. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed As such, freemen actually pre-date 'Boroughs'. Early Freedom of the Boroughs ceremonies had great importance in affirming that the recipient enjoyed privileges such as the right to trade and own property, and protection within the town. Before parliamentary reform in 1832, freedom of the city or town conferred the right to vote in the 'parliamentary boroughs' for the MPs. The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system Until the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 the Freemen were the exclusive electorate for the boroughs. These two Acts together curtailed the power of the Freemen and extended the Franchise to all 'householders' (i. e. , local rate payers). The private property belonging to the freemen collectively was retained. York, Oxford and Newcastle-upon-Tyne still own considerable areas within their towns, although the income is effectively given to support charitable objects. The Local Government Act 1972 specifically preserved Freemen's rights. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales

In contemporary society, the award of Honorary Freedom of a City or Borough tends to be entirely ceremonial, given by the local government in many Towns and Cities on those who have served in some exceptional capacity, or upon any whom the City wishes to bestow an honour (See Local Government Act 1972) it requires a special meeting of the Council which passes the resolution by a two thirds majority. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice

The Key to the City award is used in many places, in a manner similar to Freedom of the City (see below). Freedom of the City is an honour bestowed by some municipalities in Australia, Canada, Ireland, France, Italy, New Zealand


In Practice

Borough Freedom of the City of London

In England, the most extensive Borough Freedom is that conferred by the Freedom of the City of London, first recorded in 1237. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This is closely tied to the role and status of the Livery Companies. From 1835 the Freedom "without the intervention of a Livery Company" has been bestowed by a general resolution of Common Council, by 'Redemption' (purchase), at one time an onerous sum but now a donation to the Freemen's School.

New Freemen receive a guide to conducting their lives in an honourable fashion. Freemen's children get admission preference at the City of London School, the City of London School for Girls, and the City of London Freemen's School. The City of London School ( CLS) is a boys' Independent school on the banks of the River Thames in the City of London. City of London School for Girls (CLSG is a girls' Independent school located in the Barbican Estate complex in the City of London, United Kingdom City of London Freemen's School, commonly known as CLFS and locally known as Freemen's is a Public school, Day and Boarding located at Apocryphally, a freeman has the right to drive sheep and cattle over London Bridge, or to carry a naked sword in public; or if officers of the City of London Police find a freeman drunk and incapable, they will bundle him into a taxi and send him home rather than throw him in a cell and later charge him. London Bridge is a Bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. Drunkenness or inebriation is the state of being intoxicated by consumption of Alcoholic beverages to a degree that mental and physical faculties are noticeably The benefit of immunity from prosecution for being drunk and disorderly has long since disappeared, if indeed it ever existed. However the droving rights were exercised on June 17, 2006 when a flock of about 30 sheep was driven across the Millennium Bridge to mark the start of London Architecture Week. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The London Millennium Footbridge is a pedestrian-only steel Suspension bridge crossing the River Thames in London, England, linking [2]

Today the Freedom of the City of London is still taken up by some 1,800 people every year. Prior to 1996, the Freedom was only open to British or Commonwealth Citizens over 21 years of age and of good character. Now, however, it has been extended globally, and persons of any nationality may apply either by nomination, by patrimony or by being presented by a Livery Company. There is a long standing tradition of admitting women, who used to be called 'free sisters'.

Although the Freedom is not an honour or award except in the case of Honorary Freedom, many people who have lived or worked in the City are proud to become part of the City's history by becoming Freemen. The Freedom is open to all who are genuinely interested and meet the criteria set down.

Borough Freedom of the City in other cities

In other British cities, towns and boroughs, the qualifications for Borough Freedom differ, yet fall into two categories, 'patrimony' (inheritance) and 'servitude' (apprenticeship). For example, in Chester and York, only the children or grandchildren (male or female) of Freemen may apply for Admission. Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. In Great Grimsby, the Widow of a Freeman passes his rights to her second husband who retains the privilege after either Divorce from or death of the Widow. The Borough Freedom is strongest in York, Chester, Newcastle upon Tyne and Coventry, in the last named Freedom is qualified by having served an Apprenticeship. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. Durham and Northampton have extended their admission criteria to those who have served an apprenticeship without being 'bound' (trained by) by a Freeman directly. Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England This article is about Northampton in England for other places of the same name see Northampton (disambiguation Northampton ( is a large Market The Honorary Freedom of Boroughs Act 1885 is a law passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Honorary Freedom of Boroughs Act 1885 is a law passed by the United Kingdom Parliament. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories

In the Republic of Ireland Borough Freedom of the City is generally given to noted foreign and national dignitaries and the list rarely exceeds a few dozen. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The cities of the Republic of Ireland generally give various privileges, for instance Dublin allows the right to vote in certain elections, bring goods for sale in the city without customs and the right to pasture sheep on common ground such as College Green and St. Stephen's Green. There are officially eleven cities in Ireland between the two jurisdictions in Ireland, five of these in Northern Ireland and six of them in the Republic of Ireland Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office Customs is an Authority or agency in a Country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods College Green ( Faiche an Choláiste in Irish) previously called Hoggen Green, is a three sided 'square' in the centre of Dublin. St Stephen's Green ( is an inner-city Public park in Dublin, Ireland.

Key to the City

The key to the city is a similar award that is descended from Freedom of the City. [3] It is used in several countries, but is especially popular in the United States.

An ornamental key is presented to esteemed visitors, residents, or others the city wishes to honor. Evoking medieval walled cities whose gates were guarded during the day and locked at night, the key symbolizes the freedom of the recipient to enter and leave the city at will, as a trusted friend of city residents.

Notable awards of 'Freedom of the City' and 'Key to the City'

Maitland, New South Wales, Australia

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

The City of Toronto has sometimes bestowed martial Freedom of the City on Canadian Forces regiments located in or near the city. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence

The city also bestows the "Key to the City" upon individuals that it wishes to honour in such a manner, usually at the discretion of the Mayor. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The 7th Toronto Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery is a militia (i The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery ( Fr: le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne is the Artillery Personnel branch of the Canadian

Recipients include:

Kingston, Ontario Canada

The City of Kingston bestowed martial Freedom of the City to the RMC in 1976, on the occasion of its centenary. Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC is the Military academy of the Canadian Forces, and is a degree-granting University. A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e This privilege for a specific military unit to march through the city “with bayonets fixed, colours flying and drums beating” was granted “until such time as the Cataraqui runs dry. ” [6]

Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada

Bradford, England

J. B. Priestley was awarded the Freedom of Bradford. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Tent pegging (sometimes spelled "tentpegging" or "tent-pegging" is a Cavalry sport of ancient origin and is one of only ten equestrian disciplines John Boynton Priestley, OM ( 13 September, 1894 &ndash 14 August, 1984) was an English Writer and broadcaster Bradford ( lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England.

Preston, England

Andrew Flintoff was awarded the Freedom of Preston for his contribution in the 2005 Ashes Series. Andrew Flintoff, MBE, (born 6 December 1977 in Preston, Lancashire) is a Cricketer who plays for Lancashire and England. Preston ( ˈprɛstən is a city and local government district in Lancashire, England, located on the River Ribble.

Derby, England

Ipswich, England

May 05, 2008: Sir Bobby Robson, received the Freedom Of The Borough Of Ipswich. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Sir Robert William Robson Kt CBE (born 18 February 1933 commonly known as Sir Bobby Robson (ˈbɒbi ˈrɒbsən is a former international football Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell Robson won the FA Cup in 1978 with Ipswich Town and The FA Cup with Ipswich in 1981. The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football, run by and named after PLEASE NOTE This section is the introduction Please do not add too much detail here The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football, run by and named after Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell Robson also went on to manage England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

Kingston upon Hull, England

Recipients of Freedom of the City of Hull include:

Liverpool, England

Recipients of Freedom of the City of Liverpool include:

London, England

Lindbergh's key
Lindbergh's key

Manchester, England

Norwich, England

Sheffield, England

Kingston, Jamaica

This award is given by the Kingston and St. Andrew Cooperation (KSAC) in collaboration with the Mayor of Kingston and St. Andrew. It is given to outstanding individuals, who did or continue to make a mark in the city of Kingston. This person or group must meet certain criteria, and display outstanding ability and commitment to building the city and nation. This award is the highest award given by a city/parish.

Tokyo, Japan

Recipients of the Key to the Metropolis of Tokyo include:

Aberdeen, Scotland

See also Freedom of the City of Aberdeen

Franklin Springs, Georgia, United States

Milton, Georgia, United States

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Albion, Michigan, United States

Recipients include:

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Recipients include:

Flint, Michigan, United States

New York, New York, United States

The City of New York bestows the "Key to the City" upon individuals that it wishes to honour in such a manner. The City of New York Recipients include:

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ [2]
  3. ^ [3]
  4. ^ [4]
  5. ^ [5]
  6. ^ [http://www.rmcclub.ca/everitaswp/?p=1210#more-1210
  7. ^ [6]
  8. ^ [7]
  9. ^ [8]
  10. ^ [9]
  11. ^ [10]
  12. ^ [11]
  13. ^ [12]
  14. ^ [13]
  15. ^ [14]
  16. ^ [15]
  17. ^ [16]
  18. ^ [17]
  19. ^ a b [18]
  20. ^ Guess Who Got The Key To Detroit?, CBS News
  21. ^ [19]
  22. ^ [20]
  23. ^ [21]
  24. ^ [22]

External links

CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS.
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