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FreeDOS
The FreeDOS logo

FreeDOS booting screen shot
Website www.freedos.org
Company/
developer		 Jim Hall & The FreeDOS team
OS family DOS
Source model Free software/open source
Latest stable release 1. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The software industry comprises businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of Computer software. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Jim Hall is a Computer programmer and advocate of Free software, best known for his work on FreeDOS. Free software or software libre is Software that can be used studied and modified without restriction and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified Open source software (OSS began as a marketing campaign for Free software. 0 / September 3, 2006 (2006-09-03); 649 days ago
Available language(s) English
Supported platforms x86
Kernel type Monolithic kernel[1][2]
Default user interface DOS Command line interface
License GNU General Public License
Working state Current

FreeDOS (formerly Free-DOS and PD-DOS) is an operating system for IBM PC compatible computers. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In the Philosophy of language, a natural language (or ordinary language) is a Language that is spoken or written in phonemic-alphabetic or phonemically-related See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS A monolithic kernel is a kernel architecture where the entire kernel is run in Kernel space in Supervisor mode. The user interface (or Human Computer Interface) is the aggregate of means by which people&mdash the users '&mdash interact with the System A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. FreeDOS is made up of many different, separate programs that act as "packages" to the overall FreeDOS Project. [3]

As a member of the DOS family, it provides mainly disk access and filesystem through its kernel, and partial memory management, but no default GUI (although OpenGEM is recommended for FreeDos 0. DOS, short for "Disk Operating System" is a shorthand term for several closely related Operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatible market In Computing, a file system (often also written as filesystem) is a method for storing and organizing Computer files and the data they contain to make In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS Memory management is the act of managing Computer memory. In its simpler forms this involves providing ways to allocate portions of memory to programs at their request OpenGEM is a distribution of FreeGEM, a Graphical user interface (GUI for DOS. 9 and above).

FreeDOS is currently at Version 1. 0, released on September 3, 2006. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [3] The original release date was planned for July 28, 2006. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [4] A further version, 1. 1, is expected to be released some time in 2008. [5]

FreeDOS supports vintage hardware IBM PC as well as modern ones, in addition to embedded computers. An embedded system is a special-purpose Computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions often with Real-time computing constraints Like MS-DOS, it boots from a floppy or hard disk but can also run from ROM[6]. MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. In Computing, booting ( booting up) is a bootstrapping process that starts Operating systems when the user turns on a Computer system A floppy disk is an increasingly Obsolete data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin flexible ("floppy" Magnetic storage medium encased A hard disk drive ( HDD) commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive, is a Non-volatile storage device Unlike MS-DOS, however, it is available for installation on a CD-ROM, and people are free to create their own custom distributions of the operating system without needing to pay a royalty for redistribution. FreeDOS is free and open source software, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). Free software or software libre is Software that can be used studied and modified without restriction and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified Open source software (OSS began as a marketing campaign for Free software. However, in its "util" section FreeDOS also includes proprietary software such as 4DOS. 4DOS is a Command line interpreter by JP Software designed to replace the default command interpreter COMMAND

Contents

History

The FreeDOS project began June 26, 1994, when Microsoft announced it would no longer sell nor support MS-DOS. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. Jim Hall then posted a manifesto proposing the development of an open-source replacement. Jim Hall is a Computer programmer and advocate of Free software, best known for his work on FreeDOS. Within a few weeks, other programmers including Pat Villani and Tim Norman joined the project. A kernel, the command.com command line interpreter (shell) and core utilities were created by pooling code they had written or found available. COMMANDCOM is the filename of the default Operating system shell for DOS Operating systems and the default Command line interpreter Version 1. 0 was released on September 3, 2006. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

There have been several official pre-release distributions of FreeDOS before the final FreeDOS 1. 0 distribution[7]:

Version Status Codename Date
0. 05 ALPHA None January 12, 1998
0. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) 1 BETA Orlando March 25, 1998
0. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) 3 BETA Ventura April 21, 1999
0. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) 4 BETA Lemur April 9, 2000
0. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 5 BETA Lara August 10, 2000
0. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 6 BETA Midnite March 18, 2001
0. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 7 BETA Spears September 7, 2001
0. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 8 BETA Nikita April 7, 2002
0. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 9rc1 BETA Methusalem July 2003
0. 9rc2 BETA None August 23, 2003
0. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 9rc3 BETA None September 27, 2003
0. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 9rc4 BETA None February 5, 2004
0. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 9rc5 BETA None March 20, 2004
0. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 9 BETA None September 28, 2004
0. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 9sr1 BETA None November 30, 2004
0. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 9sr2 BETA None November 30, 2005
1. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 0 FINAL None September 3, 2006

Distribution

FreeDOS does not require license fees or royalties. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The only other MS-DOS compatible operating systems that are actively distributed now are Enhanced DR-DOS, PTS-DOS and ROM-DOS. Enhanced DR-DOS is a patch kit to update release 701 of OpenDOS, a derivative of DR-DOS made available as Source code by Caldera PTS-DOS is a Disk operating system, a DOS clone developed in Russia by PhysTechSoft.

FreeDOS 1. 0 is available for download as CD-ROM images: a base disc that only contains the kernel and basic applications, and a full disc that contains many more applications (games, networking, development, etc) and doubles as a Live CD. CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable A live CD or live distro is a computer Operating system that is executed upon boot, without installation to a Hard disk drive. In addition, the floppy image that was used to make the live CD is available and can be used without the CD. Versions of these two discs with source code are also available. One can use BitTorrent to download it.

There is now an official Live USB version. A live USB or USB live distro is a USB flash drive or an External hard disk drive containing a full Operating system which can be booted

Dell packages FreeDOS with their n-series [8]. The multinational technology company Dell Inc develops manufactures sells and supports Personal computers and other computer-related products The n Series is a Dell product line that does not ship with a pre-installed version of Microsoft Windows. The company has been criticized for making these machines no-less-expensive and more difficult to purchase than identical systems running Windows[9]. In addition, Dell often only offers FreeDOS systems with features such as dual-core processors which FreeDOS cannot utilize.

HP provides FreeDOS as an option in its dc5750 desktop PCs.

GRC's SpinRite 6 boot image loads FreeDOS, as shown at the bottom of the splash screen. Steve Gibson (born March 1955 Dayton Ohio) is a computer enthusiast Software engineer and security commentator based in Laguna Hills California. SpinRite is a Computer Software program for scanning magnetic data storage devices such as Hard disks recovering data from them and refreshing their surfaces Splash screen is a term used to describe an Image that appears while a Computer program is loading

ASUS uses FreeDOS to allow the user to boot their motherboard driver CDs to create the SATA device driver disk (needed for Windows versions before XP SP2)

Relation to MS-DOS

FreeDOS is mostly compatible with MS-DOS, allowing some versions of Microsoft Windows to run on it in the same way some older versions of Windows run on MS-DOS. ASUSTeK Computer Incorporated (Asus () ( is a Taiwan -based multinational company that produces Motherboards Graphics cards Optical drives

FreeDOS has several improvements relative to MS-DOS, mostly involving support of newer standards and technologies that did not exist when Microsoft ended support for MS-DOS, such as internationalization, APM/energy saving TSRs, and integrated ASPI. In Computing, Internationalization and localization (also spelled internationalisation and localisation, see spelling differences) are means of adapting Advanced Power Management ( APM) is an API developed by Intel and Microsoft which enables an Operating system running an IBM-compatible Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR is a System call in DOS operating systems that returns control to the system as if the program has quit but keeps the program in ASPI, the Advanced SCSI Programming Interface provides an API originated by Adaptec which standardizes Communication on a Computer bus Also, LBA and the FAT32 file system (including booting from FAT32) are supported. Logical block addressing (LBA is a common scheme used for specifying the location of blocks of data stored on Computer storage devices generally Secondary storage Templateinfobox filesystem whilst covering all 3 file systems please make any style changes to both at the same time While no official standalone version of MS-DOS (up to 6. 22) released by Microsoft supported them, some non-standalone versions such as MS-DOS 7. 10 did. [10]

Compatibility

General

Most software written for other members of the DOS family works as expected in FreeDOS. DOS, short for "Disk Operating System" is a shorthand term for several closely related Operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatible market The following types of executables are supported:

Further, with use of HX DOS Extender, many Win32 console applications function properly in FreeDOS, as do some GUI programs, like QEMU and Bochs. The DOS MZ executable format is the Executable File format used for. In computing the DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI is a specification introduced in 1989 which allows a DOS program to run in Protected mode, granting access to The range of Integer values that can be stored in 32 bits is 0 through 4294967295 or −2147483648 through 2147483647 using Two's complement encoding Developed in the 1980s to cope with the memory limitations of MS-DOS and its derivatives DOS extenders are programs which enable software to run under the Protected mode DOS/4GW is a 32-bit DOS extender that allows DOS programs to eliminate the 640 KB Conventional memory limit by addressing up to 32 CWSDPMI is a DPMI host written by Charles W Sandmann It can provide DPMI services for programs compiled with latest versions of DJGPP compiler system and can also HX DOS-Extender is a free DOS extender with built-in Win32 PE file format support QEMU is a processor Emulator that relies on dynamic Binary translation to achieve a reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPU architectures Bochs is a portable X86 and AMD64 PC Emulator and Debugger mostly written in C++ and distributed as Free software

Windows 1. 0 through 3. xx

FreeDOS is capable of running both the 1.0 and 2.0 releases of Microsoft Windows. Windows 10 was a 16-bit graphical Operating environment released on 20 November 1985 Windows 20 was a 16-bit Microsoft Windows Graphical user interface -based Operating environment that superseded Windows 1 Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. However, 3.x releases of Windows, which had support for i386 processors, cannot be run in 386 Enhanced Mode. Windows 30 is the third major release of Microsoft Windows, and came out on 22 May 1990 Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. In computing protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, is an operational mode of X86 -compatible Central processing units (CPU Windows 3. 0 can run in Real or Standard modes, and other Windows 3. Real mode, also called real address mode, is an operating mode of 80286 and later X86 -compatible CPUs. x releases can only be run in Standard mode. Because Windows for Workgroups 3.11 dropped support for Standard mode, it does not run under FreeDOS, unless FreeDOS's references to himem. Windows 31x was a major release of Microsoft Windows. Several editions were released between 1992 and 1994 succeeding Windows 3 exe and emm386. exe are replaced by references to the himem. sys and emm386. exe delivered with Windows. However, Windows for Workgroups 3. 11 supports a debugging mode that can run under FreeDOS, but it is more restricted than Standard mode for previous releases of Windows.

Windows 9x and Windows Millennium Edition

Windows 95, 98 and Me use a stripped down version of MS-DOS as a bootloader. Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented Graphical user interface -based Operating system. Windows 98 ( codenamed Memphis) is a graphical Operating system released on 25 June 1998 by Microsoft and the successor to Windows 95 Windows Millennium Edition, or Windows Me (IPA pronunciation, iː is a hybrid 16-bit / 32-bit graphical Operating system released on 14 September In Computing, booting ( booting up) is a bootstrapping process that starts Operating systems when the user turns on a Computer system FreeDOS can not be used as a replacement bootloader; however, it can be installed and used beside these systems using a boot manager program, such as the "METAKERN" included with FreeDOS. In Computing, booting ( booting up) is a bootstrapping process that starts Operating systems when the user turns on a Computer system

Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 and ReactOS

Windows NT-based operating systems, including Windows 2000, XP, and 2003 do not make use of MS-DOS as a core component of the system. Windows NT is a family of Operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993 Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3 is a server Operating system produced by Microsoft. MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. These systems can make use of the FAT filesystems, which are used by MS-DOS and earlier versions of Windows; however, they typically use the NTFS (NT File System) by default. Templateinfobox filesystem whilst covering all 3 file systems please make any style changes to both at the same time Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. NTFS (New Technology File System Is the standard File system of Windows NT, including its later versions Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Windows NT is a family of Operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993 FreeDOS can coexist on these systems on a separate partition on NTFS systems, or on the same partition on FAT systems. The FreeDOS kernel can be booted by adding it to the Windows NT Boot Loader configuration file, boot. In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS NTLDR ( Abbreviation of NT Loader) is the boot loader for all releases of Microsoft 's Windows NT ini, or freeldr. ini for ReactOS. FreeDOS can also be run using virtualization software like Virtual PC and VirtualBox or emulation software like Bochs and QEMU. Microsoft Virtual PC is a Virtualization suite for Microsoft Windows Operating systems and an Emulation suite for VirtualBox is an X86 virtualization software package originally created by German software company innotek now developed by Sun Microsystems as part Bochs is a portable X86 and AMD64 PC Emulator and Debugger mostly written in C++ and distributed as Free software QEMU is a processor Emulator that relies on dynamic Binary translation to achieve a reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPU architectures

FreeDOS-32

Main article: FreeDOS-32

FreeDOS-32 is a separate project with different goals. FreeDOS aims to recreate MS-DOS, both features and general limitations. FreeDOS-32 aspires to extend and improve on that base. FreeDOS-32 can be run on top of FreeDOS or another member of the DOS family. DOS, short for "Disk Operating System" is a shorthand term for several closely related Operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatible market It is planned to be a 32-bit operating system, which provides performance enhancements and improved functionality over 16-bit DOS systems. Also, running as a 32-bit operating system removes the need for DOS extenders and switching from real mode to protected mode and back to support protected mode programs. Developed in the 1980s to cope with the memory limitations of MS-DOS and its derivatives DOS extenders are programs which enable software to run under the Protected mode In computing protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, is an operational mode of X86 -compatible Central processing units (CPU

Technical details

FAT32 is fully supported, even booting from it. Templateinfobox filesystem whilst covering all 3 file systems please make any style changes to both at the same time Depending on the BIOS used, as many as four LBA hard disks up to 128 GB, or even 2 TB in size are supported. In Computing, the BIOS (ˈbaɪoʊs Logical block addressing (LBA is a common scheme used for specifying the location of blocks of data stored on Computer storage devices generally Secondary storage Care is recommended when using huge disks, since there was little testing so far, and some BIOSes support LBA but produce errors on disks larger than 32 GB. A driver like OnTrack or EzDrive resolves this problem. OnTrack was a Syracuse New York Regional rail line During its operation Syracuse was the smallest city in the United States to have regional train service FreeDOS can also be used with a driver called DOSLFN, which supports long file names (see VFAT), but most old programs do not support long file names even if the driver is loaded. Templateinfobox filesystem whilst covering all 3 file systems please make any style changes to both at the same time

There is no planned support for NTFS or ext2, but there are several external third-party drivers available for that purpose. NTFS (New Technology File System Is the standard File system of Windows NT, including its later versions Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows The ext2 or second extended file system is a File system for the Linux kernel. To access ext2fs, LTOOLS (counterpart to MTOOLS) can be used to copy data to and from ext2fs drives. NTFS support is provided by products such as NTFSDOS and NTFS4DOS. The company Winternals (now owned by Microsoft) used to provide three kinds of NTSC programs for DOS that could handle NTFS formatted drives

So far there is no USB driver support inside the FreeDOS project, but many modern motherboards contain BIOS settings for "Legacy USB" support which allow USB devices to be used in operating systems that lack support for them (such as FreeDOS). This applies to keyboards and mice, and some BIOSes can even support storage devices. Some external DOS USB drivers (such as DUSE, USBASPI and USBMASS) for storage devices work with some effort and luck. A better alternative to running DOS programs whilst having USB devices present would be to use DOSBox, which recognizes USB devices from the host operating system to act as if they were "legacy port" devices (e. DOSBox is an Emulator which simulates a computer running MS-DOS. g. joysticks with game ports, printers with parallel ports, and USB flash drives would act as if they were a hard drive for DOS). A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling The game port is the traditional connector for Video game input devices on X86 -based PCs. A parallel port is a type of interface found on Computers ( personal and otherwise for connecting various peripherals

Booting from Windows boot menu

One can edit C:\BOOT. INI and add the line:

C:\FDOSBOOT. BIN="FreeDOS"

Bootable floppy disk

FreeDOS can be installed on a single floppy disk.

Memory management

The HIMEM and EMM386 memory management programs included with FreeDOS provide extended memory (XMS) and expanded memory (EMS) for old real mode software, EMM386 also supports VCPI, which allows DPMI kernels and DOS extenders to coexist with it. HIMEM is a DOS Device driver which allows DOS programs to store data in Extended memory via the Extended Memory Specification (XMS The name EMM386 was used for the Expanded memory managers of both Microsoft 's MS-DOS and Digital Research 's DR-DOS, which created In computing Extended memory refers to memory above the first Megabyte of Address space in an IBM PC with an 80286 or later In computing expanded memory (commonly known as EMS memory) is a system of Bank switching introduced around 1984 that provided additional memory to MS-DOS In computing the DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI is a specification introduced in 1989 which allows a DOS program to run in Protected mode, granting access to FreeDOS also contains an UDMA driver for faster disk access, which is also compatible with other DOS versions. AT Attachment with Packet Interface ( ATA/ATAPI) is a standard interface used to connect storage devices such as Hard disks Solid-state The LBAcache disk cache stores recently accessed disk data in XMS for faster access and less direct disk access.

The FreeCOM shell—FreeDOS's version of COMMAND.COM—can move portions of itself into extended memory freeing up large portions of conventional memory, up to 620 kB. COMMANDCOM is the filename of the default Operating system shell for DOS Operating systems and the default Command line interpreter In computing Extended memory refers to memory above the first Megabyte of Address space in an IBM PC with an 80286 or later In computing conventional memory is the first 640 Kilobytes of the memory on IBM PC compatible systems This is useful for DOS programs which only use conventional memory.

FreeDOS compatibility is less than 100% but is sufficient for running most programs. Well-written software using the documented API works well. Problems running Windows result from Microsoft's efforts to prevent their products running on non-Microsoft DOS implementations. [11]

Screenshot

FreeDOS editor screenshot

See also the screenshot in the Infobox.

GUIs

OpenGEM

The only supported GUI being actively developed for the DOS environment is OpenGEM. If you are using Blair's FreeDOS disks, or GNU/DOS you already have the latest version of OpenGEM.

To launch the GUI, you can usually just change to c:\ and type gem to start it.

SEAL

SEAL is a 32-bit graphical user interface for DOS. SEAL (also called XSeal) is a 32-bit Graphical user interface for DOS created by Michal Stencl.

References

  1. ^ FreeDOS : Home Page
  2. ^ FreeDOS Kernel "An MS-DOS Emulator for Platform Independence & Embedded Systems Development", written by Pat Villani, copyright 1996
  3. ^ a b FreeDOS website
  4. ^ SourceForge.net: FreeDOS 1.0 update
  5. ^ FreeDos 1.1 mail thread
  6. ^ FreeDOS website about
  7. ^ FreeDOS Old Distributions
  8. ^ OptiPlex™ Open-Source Desktops
  9. ^ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/10/06/dell_open_pc/
  10. ^ MS-DOS: A Brief Introduction
  11. ^ BBC News | BUSINESS | Caldera vs Microsoft - the settlement

See also

External links

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