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FreeBSD
Image:FreeBSD-logo.png
Screenshot of FreeBSD terminal
FreeBSD welcome screen
Website www.freebsd.org
Company/
developer		 The FreeBSD Project
OS family BSD
Source model Free and open source software
Latest stable release 7. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The software industry comprises businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of Computer software. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Free and open source software, also F/OSS, FOSS, or FLOSS (for Free/Libre/Open Source Software) is software which is liberally licensed 0-RELEASE / February 27, 2008 (2008-02-27); 103 days ago
Latest unstable release 8. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 0-CURRENT / ongoing
Supported platforms i386, SPARC, SPARC64, ALPHA, AMD64, ia64, PC98, PowerPC, ARM architecture
Kernel type Monolithic
License BSD License
Working state Current

FreeBSD is a Unix-like free operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) branch through the 386BSD and 4.4BSD operating systems. SPARC (from Scalable Processor Architecture is a RISC Microprocessor Instruction set architecture originally SPARC (from Scalable Processor Architecture is a RISC Microprocessor Instruction set architecture originally x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM The ARM architecture (previously the Advanced RISC Machine, and prior to that Acorn RISC Machine) is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS A monolithic kernel is a kernel architecture where the entire kernel is run in Kernel space in Supervisor mode. A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software BSD licenses represent a family of Permissive free software licences. A Unix-like (sometimes shortened to *nix) Operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system while not necessarily conforming Free software or software libre is Software that can be used studied and modified without restriction and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer 386BSD, sometimes called " JOLIX " is a free BSD Unix Operating system for PC compatible computer systems based It runs on Intel x86 family (IA-32) IBM PC compatible computers, DEC Alpha, Sun UltraSPARC, IA-64, AMD64, PowerPC, ARM and NEC PC-9801 architectures along with Microsoft's Xbox. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, was a 64-bit Reduced instruction set computer (RISC Instruction set architecture (ISA developed Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services SPARC (from Scalable Processor Architecture is a RISC Microprocessor Instruction set architecture originally Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM The ARM architecture (previously the Advanced RISC Machine, and prior to that Acorn RISC Machine) is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture The NEC PC-9801 (or the PC-98 for short is a Japanese Microcomputer manufactured by NEC. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. [1] Support for the MIPS architectures is available in 8-CURRENT which has not been released yet. MIPS (originally an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a RISC microprocessor architecture developed by MIPS Technologies

FreeBSD has been characterized as "the unknown giant among free operating systems. "[2] It is not a clone of UNIX, but works like UNIX, with UNIX-compliant internals and system APIs. [3] FreeBSD is generally regarded as reliable and robust. Among all operating systems which can accurately report uptime remotely,[4] FreeBSD is the free operating system listed most often in Netcraft's list[5] of the 50 web servers with the longest uptime. Uptime is a measure of the time a Computer system has been "up" and running Netcraft is an Internet services company based in Bath, England. The term web server can mean one of two things A Computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from web clients which are A long uptime also indicates no crashes have occurred and no kernel updates have been deemed needed, since installing a new kernel requires a reboot, resetting the uptime counter of the system. A crash in Computing is a condition where a program (either an application or part of the Operating system) stops performing its expected function and also In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS

FreeBSD is developed as a complete operating system. The kernel, device drivers and all of the userland utilities, such as the shell, are held in the same source code revision tracking tree, whereas with Linux distributions, the kernel, userland utilities and applications are developed separately, then packaged together in various ways by others. In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS In computing a device driver or software driver is a Computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a Hardware device Userland refers to an application space that is external to the kernel and is protected by Privilege separation. In computing a shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users In Computer science, source code (commonly just source or code) is any sequence of statements or declarations written in some Human-readable Revision control (also known as version control (system (VCS, source control or (source code management (SCM) is the management of multiple revisions A Linux distribution (also called GNU/Linux by distributions such as Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Mandriva and

Contents

History and development

FreeBSD's development began in 1993 with a quickly growing, unofficial patchkit maintained by users of the 386BSD operating system. Software development is the translation of a user need or marketing goal into a Software product 386BSD, sometimes called " JOLIX " is a free BSD Unix Operating system for PC compatible computer systems based This patchkit forked from 386BSD and grew into an operating system taken from U. In Software engineering, a project fork happens when developers take a copy of Source code from one software package and start independent development C. Berkeley's 4. 3BSD-Lite (Net/2) tape with many 386BSD components and code from the Free Software Foundation. The Free Software Foundation ( FSF) is a Non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the Free software movement The first official release was FreeBSD 1. 0 in December 1993, coordinated by Jordan Hubbard, Nate Williams and Rod Grimes with a name thought up by David Greenman. Jordan K Hubbard (born April 8 1963 in Honolulu) is a long-time open source developer authoring software like the Ardent Window Manager and Walnut Creek CDROM agreed to distribute FreeBSD on CD and gave the project a machine to work on along with a fast Internet connection, which Hubbard later said helped stir FreeBSD's rapid growth. Walnut Creek CDROM ( Walnut Creek California) was an early provider of Freeware, Shareware and Free software on CD-ROMs The company A "highly successful" FreeBSD 1. 1 release followed in May 1994.

However, there were legal concerns about the BSD Net/2 release source code used in 386BSD. After a lawsuit between UNIX copyright owner at the time Unix System Laboratories and the University of California, Berkeley, the FreeBSD project re-engineered most of the system using the 4. USL v BSDi was a Lawsuit brought in the United States in 1992 by Unix System Laboratories against Berkeley Software Design, Inc and the Unix System Laboratories or USL was originally organized as part of Bell Labs in 1989 The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley 4BSD-Lite release from Berkeley, which, owing to this lawsuit, had none of the AT&T source code earlier BSD versions had depended upon, making it an unbootable operating system. Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and Following much work, the outcome was released as FreeBSD 2. 0 in January 1995.

FreeBSD 2. 0 featured a revamp of the original Carnegie Mellon University Mach virtual memory system, which was optimized for performance under high loads. Carnegie Mellon University (also known as CMU) is a private Research University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United Mach is an Operating system Microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research primarily distributed and parallel This release also introduced the FreeBSD Ports system, which made downloading, building and installing third party software very easy. The FreeBSD Ports collection is a Package management system which provides an easy and consistent way of installing software packages on the FreeBSD By 1996 FreeBSD had become popular among commercial and ISP users, powering extremely successful sites like Walnut Creek CD-ROM (a huge repository of software that broke several throughput records on the Internet), Yahoo! and Hotmail. Simtel is an Internet -based archive of Shareware for various operating systems particularly Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS. Windows Live Hotmail, formerly known as MSN Hotmail and commonly referred to simply as Hotmail, is a free Webmail service of the Windows Live The last release along the 2-STABLE branch was 2. 2. 8 in November 1998. [6]

FreeBSD 3. 0 brought many more changes, including the switch to the ELF binary format. In Computing, the Executable and Linking Format ( ELF, formerly called Extensible Linking Format) is a common standard File format for Executables Support for SMP systems and the 64 bit Alpha platform were also added. In Computing, symmetric multiprocessing or SMP involves a Multiprocessor computer-architecture where two or more identical processors can connect to a single The 3-STABLE branch ended with 3. 5. 1 in June 2000.

Beastie

FreeBSD's mascot is the generic BSD daemon, also known as Beastie
FreeBSD's mascot is the generic BSD daemon, also known as Beastie

For many years FreeBSD's logo was the generic BSD daemon, also called Beastie, a slurred phonetic pronunciation of BSD. The BSD daemon, nicknamed Beastie, is the generic Mascot of BSD Operating systems Overview The BSD daemon is named after a First appearing in 1976 on UNIX T-shirts purchased by Bell Labs, the more popular versions of the BSD daemon were drawn by animation director John Lasseter beginning in 1984. Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) is the Research organization John Alan Lasseter (born January 12 1957 is an Academy Award -winning American Animator and the chief creative officer at Pixar and [7][8][9] Several FreeBSD-specific versions were later drawn by Tatsumi Hosokawa. [10] Through the years Beastie became both beloved and criticized as perhaps inappropriate for corporate and mass market exposure. Moreover it was not unique to FreeBSD. In lithographic terms, the Lasseter graphic is not line art and often requires a screened, four colour photo offset printing process for faithful reproduction on physical surfaces such as paper. Printmaking art techniques such as Engraving, Etching, Woodcut and Lithography are covered more fully in their respective articles Offset printing is a commonly used Printing technique where the Inked image is transferred (or "offset" from a plate to a rubber blanket then to the However drawn, the BSD daemon was thought to be too graphically detailed for smooth size scaling and aesthetically over dependent upon multiple colour gradations, making it hard to reliably reproduce as a simple, standardized logo in only two or three colours, much less in monochrome. Because of these worries, a competition was held and a new logo designed by Anton K. Gural, still echoing the BSD daemon, was released on October 8, 2005. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [11] Meanwhile Lasseter's much known take on the BSD daemon carries forth as official mascot of the FreeBSD Project.

Versions

FreeBSD developers maintain at least two branches of simultaneous development. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of The -CURRENT branch always represents the "bleeding edge" of FreeBSD development. Bleeding edge is a term that refers to Technology that is so new (and thus presumably not perfected that the user is required to risk reductions in stability and productivity A -STABLE branch of FreeBSD is created for each major version number, from which releases are cut about once every 4-6 months. If a feature is sufficiently stable and mature it will likely be backported (MFC or Merge from CURRENT in FreeBSD developer slang) to the -STABLE branch. Backporting is the action of taking a certain Software modification ( patch) and applying it to an older version of the software than it was initially created for FreeBSD's development model is further described in an article by Niklas Saers. [12]

FreeBSD 4

4. 0-RELEASE appeared in March 2000 and the last 4-STABLE branch release was 4. 11 in January 2005. FreeBSD 4 was a favorite operating system for ISPs and web provider during the first . com bubble, and is widely regarded as one of the most stable and performant operating systems of the whole Unix lineage.

FreeBSD 5

After almost three years of development, the first 5. 0-RELEASE in January 2003 was widely anticipated, featuring support for advanced multiprocessor and application threading, and for the UltraSPARC and ia64 platforms. SPARC (from Scalable Processor Architecture is a RISC Microprocessor Instruction set architecture originally Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel Microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64) The first 5-STABLE release was 5. 3 (5. 0 through 5. 2. 1 were cut from -CURRENT). The last release from the 5-STABLE branch was 5. 5 in May 2006.

The largest architectural development in FreeBSD 5 was a major change in the low-level kernel locking mechanisms to enable better symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) support. This released much of the kernel from the MP lock, which is sometimes called the Giant Lock. More than one process could now execute in kernel mode at the same time. Other major changes included an M:N native threading implementation called Kernel Scheduled Entities. Kernel Scheduled Entities, or KSE, is a kernel -supported threading system found in FreeBSD, which allows a single process to have multiple kernel-level In principle this is similar to Scheduler Activations. Scheduler Activations is a threading mechanism that when implemented in an Operating system 's process scheduler, provides kernel-level thread functionality Starting with FreeBSD 5. 3, KSE was the default threading implementation until it was replaced with a 1:1 implementation in FreeBSD 7. 0.

FreeBSD 5 also significantly changed the block I/O layer by implementing the GEOM modular disk I/O request transformation framework contributed by Poul-Henning Kamp. GEOM is the storage framework available in the FreeBSD Operating System Poul-Henning Kamp (sometimes known as PHK) is a Danish FreeBSD developer responsible for implementation of the widely used MD5 password hash algorithm GEOM enables the simple creation of many kinds of functionality, such as mirroring (gmirror) and encryption (GBDE and GELI). GBDE, standing for GEOM Based Disk Encryption, is a Block device -layer Disk encryption system written for FreeBSD, initially introduced in version This work was supported through sponsorship by DARPA. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new Technology

The 5. 4 and 5. 5 releases of FreeBSD confirmed the FreeBSD 5. x branch as a highly stable and high-performing release, although it had a long development period due to the large feature set. Earlier releases on the 5. x branch are not considered stable enough for production deployment.

FreeBSD 6

FreeBSD 6. 0 was released on November 4, 2005. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The most recent FreeBSD 6 release was 6. 3, on January 18, 2008. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common These versions continue work on SMP and threading optimization along with more work on advanced 802.11 functionality, TrustedBSD security event auditing, significant network stack performance enhancements, a fully preemptive kernel and support for hardware performance counters (HWPMC). IEEE 80211 is a set of standards for wireless local area network (WLAN computer communication developed by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee ( IEEE 802 The main accomplishments of these releases include removal of the Giant lock from VFS, implementation of a better-performing optional libthr library with 1:1 threading and the addition of a Basic Security Module (BSM) audit implementation called OpenBSM, which was created by the TrustedBSD Project (based on the BSM implementation found in Apple's open source Darwin) and released under a BSD-style license. OpenBSM is an open source implementation of Sun 's Basic Security Module (BSM Audit API and file format Open source software (OSS began as a marketing campaign for Free software. Darwin is an open source UNIX -based computer Operating system released by Apple Inc BSD licenses represent a family of Permissive free software licences.

FreeBSD 7

FreeBSD 7. 0 was released on 27 February 2008. New features include SCTP, UFS journaling, a port of Sun's ZFS file system (experimental), GCC4, improved support for the ARM architecture, and major updates and optimizations relating to network, audio, and SMP performance [13]. In Computer networking, the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP is a Transport Layer protocol, serving in a similar role as the popular protocols The Unix file system ( UFS) is a File system used by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems A journaling file system is a File system that logs changes to a journal (usually a circular log in a dedicated area before committing them to the main file Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services In Computing, ZFS is a File system designed by Sun Microsystems for the Solaris Operating System. The GNU Compiler Collection (usually shortened to GCC) is a set of Compilers produced for various Programming languages by the GNU Project The ARM architecture (previously the Advanced RISC Machine, and prior to that Acorn RISC Machine) is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture CPU design is the Design engineering task of creating a Central processing unit (CPU a component of Computer hardware. In Computing, symmetric multiprocessing or SMP involves a Multiprocessor computer-architecture where two or more identical processors can connect to a single The new ULE scheduler has seen much improvement but a decision was made to ship the 7. 0 release with the older 4BSD scheduler, leaving ULE as a kernel compile-time tunable. ULE scheduler is expected to be the default in FreeBSD 7. 1 and it is currently available in the -STABLE branch as a default kernel option, in preparation for FreeBSD 7. 1[14].

FreeBSD 8

As of 2008, FreeBSD 8. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 0 is the "bleeding edge" development version, called -CURRENT in FreeBSD jargon. It should feature superpages, DTrace, Xen DomU support and network stack virtualization. DTrace is a comprehensive dynamic tracing framework created by Sun Microsystems for Troubleshooting kernel and application problems in real time Xen is a virtual machine monitor for IA-32, X86, X86-64, IA-64 and PowerPC 970 architectures [15]

Linux compatibility

Most software that runs on Linux will run natively on FreeBSD without the need for any compatibility layer. A compatibility layer is a term that refers to components that allow for non-native support of components FreeBSD nonetheless also provides binary compatibility with several other Unix-like operating systems, including Linux. A compatibility layer is a term that refers to components that allow for non-native support of components A Unix-like (sometimes shortened to *nix) Operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system while not necessarily conforming An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Hence, most Linux binaries can be run on FreeBSD, including some commercial applications distributed only in binary form. Applications which use the Linux compatibility layer include StarOffice, the Linux version of Firefox, Adobe Acrobat, RealPlayer, Oracle, Mathematica, Matlab, WordPerfect, Skype, Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, Doom 3 and Quake 4[16] (though some of these applications also have a native version). StarOffice is Sun Microsystems ' proprietary Office suite software package. Adobe Acrobat is a family of computer programs developed by Adobe Systems, designed to view create manipulate and manage files in Adobe's Portable Document RealPlayer (briefly known also as RealOne Player) is a proprietary Cross-platform media player by RealNetworks that plays a number Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply Oracle) is a Relational database management system (RDBMS produced and marketed by Mathematica is a computer program used widely in scientific engineering and mathematical fields MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and Programming language. WordPerfect is a proprietary Word processing application At the height of its popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s it was the De facto Skype (skaɪp is Software that allows users to make telephone calls over the Internet. Wolfenstein Enemy Territory (also referred to as simply Enemy Territory or ET) is a free multiplayer FPS set during Doom 3 is a Science fiction Survival horror Video game developed by Id Software and published by Activision. Quake 4 is the fourth title in the series of Quake FPS computer games. No noticeable performance penalty over native FreeBSD programs has been noted when running Linux binaries, and, in some cases, these may even perform more smoothly than on Linux. [17] However, the layer is not altogether seamless, and some Linux binaries are unusable or only partially usable on FreeBSD. This is often because the compatibility layer only supports system calls available in the historical Linux kernel 2. 4. 2. There is support of Linux 2. 6. 16 syscalls, enabled on default in 8-CURRENT.

License

FreeBSD is released under a variety of licenses. The kernel code and most newly created code is released under the two-clause BSD license which allows everyone to use and redistribute FreeBSD as they wish. BSD licenses represent a family of Permissive free software licences. There are parts under the GPL, LGPL, ISC, CDDL and Beerware licenses, along with three- and four-clause BSD licenses. The GNU Lesser General Public License (formerly the GNU Library General Public License) or LGPL is a Free software license published by the Free Software The ISC licence is a Permissive free software licence written by the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL is a Free software license, produced by Sun Microsystems, based on the Mozilla Public License (MPL Beerware is a somewhat Tongue-in-cheek term for Software released under a very relaxed license Some device drivers include a binary blob, such as the Atheros HAL. In open source culture, binary blob is a pejorative term for an object file loaded into the kernel of a free or open source Atheros Communications ( is a developer of Semiconductors for Wireless communications A hardware abstraction layer ( HAL) is an Abstraction layer, implemented in software between the physical hardware of a Computer and

Derivatives

A wide variety of products are directly or indirectly based on FreeBSD. These range from embedded devices such as Juniper Networks routers, Ironport network security appliances, Nokia's firewall operating system, NetApp's OnTap GX, Panasas's and Isilon Systems's cluster storage operating systems, NetASQ security appliances and St Bernard iPrism web filtering appliances, to portions of other operating systems including Linux and the RTOS VxWorks. Juniper Networks, Inc ( is an Information technology company based in Sunnyvale California and founded in 1996 IronPort Systems, headquartered in San Bruno California, designs and sells products and services that protect enterprises against Internet threats Nokia Corporation (pronunciation /'nɔkiɑ/),,) is a Finnish multinational Communications Corporation, headquartered NetApp Inc ( formerly Network Appliance Inc, is a proprietary Computer storage and Data management company headquartered in Sunnyvale California Panasas Inc, is a Computer storage company based out of Fremont California. Isilon Systems Inc (NASDAQ ISLN is a global company headquartered in Seattle Washington, USA that designs and sells clustered storage systems and software for digital An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks In Computer science, real-time computing (RTC is the study of hardware and software systems that are subject to a "real-time constraint"—i VxWorks is a real-time Operating system made and sold by Wind River Systems of Alameda, California, USA Darwin, the core of Apple's Mac OS X, borrows heavily from FreeBSD, including its virtual file system, network stack and components of its userspace. Darwin is an open source UNIX -based computer Operating system released by Apple Inc Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently "kernel space" redirects here For mathematical definition see Null space. Apple continues to integrate new code from and contribute changes back to FreeBSD. The now-defunct OpenDarwin project, which was based on Apple's Darwin operating system, also included substantial FreeBSD code. Darwin is an open source UNIX -based computer Operating system released by Apple Inc In addition, there are a number of operating systems originally forked from or based on FreeBSD including PC-BSD and DesktopBSD, which include enhancements aimed at home users and workstations, FreeSBIE and Frenzy live CD distributions, the m0n0wall and pfSense firewalls, FreeNAS network attached storage and DragonFly BSD, a fork from FreeBSD 4. In Software engineering, a project fork happens when developers take a copy of Source code from one software package and start independent development PC-BSD is a Unix-like, desktop-oriented Operating system based on FreeBSD. DesktopBSD is a UNIX -derivative desktop -oriented Operating system based on FreeBSD. FreeSBIE is a Live CD —an Operating system that is able to load directly from a bootable CD without any installation process and without any hard disk Frenzy is a 1972 thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, and is the Penultimate feature film of his extensive career A live CD or live distro is a computer Operating system that is executed upon boot, without installation to a Hard disk drive. m0n0wall is an embedded firewall distribution of FreeBSD, one of the BSD Operating system descendants pfSense is a FreeBSD -based firewall tailored for use as a firewall and router FreeNAS is a free Network-attached storage server supporting CIFS ( Samba) FTP, NFS, Rsync, AFP protocols DragonFly BSD is a free Unix-like operating system created as a fork of FreeBSD 4 8 aiming for a different multiprocessor synchronization strategy than the one chosen for FreeBSD 5 and development of some microkernel features. A microkernel is a minimal Computer Operating system kernel which in its purest form provides no operating-system services at all only the

TrustedBSD

The TrustedBSD project provides a set of trusted operating system extensions to FreeBSD. It was begun primarily by Robert Watson with the goal of implementing concepts from the Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation and the Orange Book. Robert Watson (born 3 May 1977 in Harrow London, UK is a FreeBSD core team developer and founder of the TrustedBSD Project The Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation (abbreviated as Common Criteria or CC) is an International standard ( ISO / Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria ( TCSEC) is a United States Government Department of Defense (DoD standard that sets basic requirements This project is ongoing and many of its extensions have been integrated into FreeBSD.

The main focuses of the TrustedBSD project are access control lists (ACLs), security event auditing, extended file system attributes, fine-grained capabilities and mandatory access controls (MAC). In Computer security, an access control list ( ACL) is a list of permissions attached to an object Capability-based security is a concept in the design of Secure computing systems In Computer security, mandatory access control ( MAC) refers to a type of Access control by which the operating system constrains the ability of a subject The project has also ported the NSA's FLASK/TE implementation from SELinux to FreeBSD. The National Security Agency/ Central Security Service ( NSA/CSS) is a cryptologic intelligence agency of the United States government The Flux Advanced Security Kernel ( FLASK) is an Operating system security architecture that provides flexible support for security policies Security-Enhanced Linux ( SELinux) is a Linux feature that provides a variety of security policies including U Other work includes the development of OpenBSM, an open source implementation of Sun's Basic Security Module (BSM) API and audit log file format, which supports an extensive security audit system. OpenBSM is an open source implementation of Sun 's Basic Security Module (BSM Audit API and file format This was shipped as part of FreeBSD 6. 2. Other infrastructure work in FreeBSD performed as part of the TrustedBSD Project has included SYN cookies, GEOM and OpenPAM. SYN Cookies are the key element of a technique used to guard against SYN flood attacks

While most components of the TrustedBSD project are eventually folded into the main sources for FreeBSD, many features, once fully matured, find their way into other operating systems. For example, OpenPAM and UFS2 have been adopted by NetBSD. OpenPAM is an implementation of PAM used by FreeBSD and NetBSD and offered as an alternative to Linux-PAM in certain Linux distributions The Unix file system ( UFS) is a File system used by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems NetBSD is a freely redistributable Open source version of the Unix -derivative Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD Computer Operating Moreover, the TrustedBSD MAC Framework and TrustedBSD Audit implementation have been adopted by Apple Computer for Mac OS X. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently

Much of this work was sponsored by DARPA. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new Technology

Governance structure

The FreeBSD Project is run by FreeBSD committers, or developers who have CVS/SVN commit access. There are several kinds of committers, including source committers (base operating system), doc committers (documentation and web site authors) and ports (third party application porting and infrastructure). Every two years the FreeBSD committers select a 9-member FreeBSD Core Team who are responsible for overall project direction, setting and enforcing project rules and approving new "commit bits", or the granting of CVS/SVN commit access. A number of responsibilities are officially assigned to other development teams by the FreeBSD Core Team, including responsibility for security advisories (the Security Officer Team), release engineering (the Release Engineering Team) and managing the ports collection (the Port Manager team). Developers may give up their commit rights to retire or for "safe-keeping" after a period of a year or more of inactivity, although commit rights will generally be restored on request. Under rare circumstances commit rights may be removed by Core Team vote as a result of repeated violation of project rules and standards. The FreeBSD Project is unusual among open source projects in having developers who have worked with its source base for over 25 years, owing to the involvement of a number of past University of California developers who worked on BSD at the CSRG. The Computer Systems Research Group ( CSRG) was a research group at the University of California Berkeley that was dedicated to enhancing AT&T Unix

See also

References

  1. ^ FreeBSD/xbox Project. The Acronym LAMP refers to a Solution stack of software usually Free and open source software, used to run dynamic Web sites or servers There are a number of commercial products based on FreeBSD. Information about these products and the version of FreeBSD they are based on is often difficult to come by since There are a number of Unix-like Operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution --> UserSecuniBot permission to update The FreeBSD Documentation License is the License that covers the Documentation for the FreeBSD Operating system. The FreeBSD jail mechanism is an implementation of Operating system-level virtualization that allows administrators to partition a FreeBSD -based Computer The FreeBSD Ports collection is a Package management system which provides an easy and consistent way of installing software packages on the FreeBSD Jordan K Hubbard (born April 8 1963 in Honolulu) is a long-time open source developer authoring software like the Ardent Window Manager and Marshall Kirk McKusick (b January 19, 1954 in Wilmington Delaware) is a computer scientist, known for his extensive work on BSD OpenBSM is an open source implementation of Sun 's Basic Security Module (BSM Audit API and file format Poul-Henning Kamp (sometimes known as PHK) is a Danish FreeBSD developer responsible for implementation of the widely used MD5 password hash algorithm Robert Watson (born 3 May 1977 in Harrow London, UK is a FreeBSD core team developer and founder of the TrustedBSD Project This is an alphabetical list of Operating systems with a sharp security focus The FreeBSD Project. Retrieved on 2007-03-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant
  2. ^ Why FreeBSD. IBM. Retrieved on 2008-01-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
  3. ^ IBM. com, Pohlmann, Frank, Why FreeBSD, retrieved 16 December 2007
  4. ^ Frequently asked questions. Netcraft. Netcraft is an Internet services company based in Bath, England. Retrieved on 2007-03-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant
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  12. ^ Saers, Niklas (2002). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. A project model for the FreeBSD Project. The FreeBSD Project. Retrieved on 2007-03-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
  13. ^ What's New in FreeBSD 7.0 by Federico Biancuzzi, 02/26/2008, onlamp
  14. ^ Review of FreeBSD 7
  15. ^ FreeBSD 8. 0 has been branched on October 11th, 2007. Additonal information posted on the FreeBSD-current mailing list, overview of upcoming features.
  16. ^ FreeBSD Handbook. Retrieved on 2007-03-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
  17. ^ Tiemann, Brian (2006). "How FreeBSD Compares to Other Operating Systems", FreeBSD 6 Unleashed. ISBN 0672328755.  

Further reading

External links

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