| Part of a series on Jehovah's Witnesses |
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| About Jehovah's Witnesses | |
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| Demographics | |
| Organizational structure | |
| Governing Body · Legal instruments Faithful and Discreet Slave |
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| History | |
| Bible Student movement Jehovah's Witnesses splinter groups |
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| Government interactions | |
| Supreme Court cases | |
| Persecution | |
| United States · Canada Nazi Germany |
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| Controversies | |
| Beliefs | |
| Beliefs and practices | |
| God's name · Eschatology Blood · Disfellowshipping |
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| Literature | |
| The Watchtower · Awake! New World Translation |
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| Digital Files | |
| Related people | |
| Formative influences | |
| C.T. Russell · William Miller N.H. Barbour · Jonas Wendell George Stores · Henry Grew |
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| Watchtower Presidents | |
| J.F. Rutherford · N.H. Knorr F. Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination As of August 2007 Jehovah's Witnesses have an average membership of approximately 6 The Organisational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses is a religious Hierarchy. The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses is a body of elders who oversee all the activities of the denomination Bible verses quoted from the New World Translation except where noted The spiritual authority among Jehovah's Witnesses is vested The history of Jehovah's Witnesses dates from 1872 when Charles Taze Russell began to lead a Bible study group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The Bible Student movement is the name adopted by a Protestant religious movement with premillennialist expectations that emerged from the teachings and While the legal entities founded by Charles Taze Russell (the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society and the International Bible Students Association) have always Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that in the majority of countries they have legal status or are recognized as to having basic rights afforded them similar to those of mainstream Internationally there have been numerous Supreme Court cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses. See also Jehovah's Witnesses and governments Throughout the history of Jehovah's Witnesses, their beliefs doctrines and practices have engendered See also Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses Throughout the history of Jehovah's Witnesses, their beliefs doctrines and practices have engendered controversy See also Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses Walter Tarnopolsky, Canada's leading legal authority on civil liberties stated The best testing of the standard See also Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses endured intense persecution under the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945 Jehovah's Witnesses have experienced controversy in their relationships with mainstream Christianity governments former members and the general public The beliefs and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses are based on the Bible teachings of its founder Charles Taze Russell and his successors Joseph Franklin Yahweh|God in Abrahamic religions Jehovah is an English reading of, the most frequent form of the Tetragrammaton, the name of God in the Hebrew Bible, in The Eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses is central to their religious beliefs Jehovah’s Witnesses believe that the Bible prohibits eating blood and that this includes the storage and transfusion of Blood, including in cases of emergency Jehovah's Witnesses employ various levels of congregational discipline as formal controls administered by elders in the congregation Jehovah's Witnesses have been producing a large amount of literature since 1879. The Watchtower ( is a monthly illustrated religious Magazine, printed and published by Jehovah's Witnesses via the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society Awake! ( is a Magazine published by Jehovah's Witnesses, considered to be a companion magazine of The Watchtower. The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ( NWT) is a modern-language translation of the Bible published by Jehovah's Witnesses, published in Charles Taze Russell ( February 16, 1852 &ndash October 31, 1916) also known as Pastor Russell, was a Protestant William Miller (1782–1849 was an American Baptist Preacher, whose followers have been termed Millerites. Nelson H Barbour, (1824–1905 a Millerite Adventist (see Millerites) born in Throopsville (misspelled Toupsville in a newspaper profile a village near Auburn, Elder Jonas Wendell ( December 25, 1815 - August 14, 1873) of Edenboro, Pennsylvania, was a zealous Adventist Henry Grew (1781-1862 was a Christian teacher and writer whose studies of the Bible led him to conclusions which were at odds with doctrines accepted by many of the mainstream Joseph Franklin Rutherford ( 8 November 1869 — 8 January 1942) often referred to as "Judge" Rutherford was the second president of Nathan Homer Knorr ( April 23, 1905 - June 8, 1977) was the third president of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, becoming so W. Franz · M.G. Henschel D.A. Adams |
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| Notable Watchtower Officials | |
| Hayden C. Covington · A. H. Macmillan | |
| Notable Former Jehovah's Witnesses | |
| Raymond Franz · James Penton Olin R. Moyle |
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Frederick William Franz (September 12, 1893 – December 22, 1992) served as President of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, the legal entity used to direct the work of Jehovah's Witnesses). Milton George Henschel ( August 9, 1920 - March 22, 2003) was a longtime member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, who succeeded Don Alden Adams is the current president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, the most important of the Legal instruments of Jehovah's Witnesses Hayden C Covington ( January 19, 1911 – November 19, 1978) was legal counsel for the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society during Alexander Hugh Macmillan ( June 2 1877 - August 26, 1966) also referred to as A Raymond Franz (born 1922 was a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses from 1971 until May 22 1980, and served at the organization's James Penton is a Professor emeritus of History at the University of Lethbridge in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Olin R Moyle was legal counsel for the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society from 1935 to 1939 on staff at the headquarters of Jehovah's Witnesses in Brooklyn Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, a Not-for-profit organization headquartered in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination He had previously served as Vice President of the the same corporation from 1945 until 1977 and as a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses before replacing Nathan H. Knorr as president in 1977. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses is a body of elders who oversee all the activities of the denomination Nathan Homer Knorr ( April 23, 1905 - June 8, 1977) was the third president of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, becoming so Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Raymond Franz, also a member of the Governing Body until he was expelled and subsequently disfellowshipped in 1982, was Frederick's nephew. Raymond Franz (born 1922 was a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses from 1971 until May 22 1980, and served at the organization's Jehovah's Witnesses employ various levels of congregational discipline as formal controls administered by elders in the congregation Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) [1]
Franz was born in Covington, Kentucky, and graduated high school in 1911. Covington is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He attended the University of Cincinnati where he studied Biblical Greek,[2] having already decided that he wanted to be a Presbyterian preacher. The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Koine Greek (Κοινὴ Ἑλληνική, "common Greek" or, ciˈni ðiˈale̞kto̞s "the common dialect" is the popular form of Greek which emerged in Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity After reading some of the literature of Charles Taze Russell, he became interested in the Bible Students. Charles Taze Russell ( February 16, 1852 &ndash October 31, 1916) also known as Pastor Russell, was a Protestant The Bible Student movement is the name adopted by a Protestant religious movement with premillennialist expectations that emerged from the teachings and He was baptized as a Bible Student on 30 November 1913, and left the University in May of 1914. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Franz immediately began evangelizing full time as a pioneer. The beliefs and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses are based on the Bible teachings of its founder Charles Taze Russell and his successors Joseph Franklin
In 1926, he joined the editorial staff as a Bible researcher and writer for the Society’s publications. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Franz is generally (although never officially) acknowledged to have been a leading figure in the preparation of the Witnesses' New World Translation of the Bible, which was prepared anonymously like most Watchtower publications. The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ( NWT) is a modern-language translation of the Bible published by Jehovah's Witnesses, published in Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Jehovah's Witnesses publications are books brochures magazines and tracts published by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania and New York. He was the oldest member to lead the organization, and one of the oldest ever to be a leading figure in any religion. In his last years, he was quite feeble.
Franz died in Brooklyn, New York in 1992 at the age of 99 and was succeeded by Milton G. Henschel. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Milton George Henschel ( August 9, 1920 - March 22, 2003) was a longtime member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, who succeeded The New York Times of December 24, 1992 described him as "a religious Leader. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) . . . [of] a Christian denomination" and "a biblical scholar. " The article claimed he was "versed in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. "
Achievements and Education
Franz is generally acknowledged as the leading translator in the preparation of the New World Translation. The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ( NWT) is a modern-language translation of the Bible published by Jehovah's Witnesses, published in [3][4] Franz was also the Editor of the New World Translation published by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. [5]
Frederick Franz attended the University of Cincinnati where he was an honor student. [6] His formal training concentrated on Latin and classical Greek. [7][8] According to A. H. Macmillan, in addition to his native tongue of English, Frederick Franz was fluent in Spanish, Portuguese and German, conversant in French, and a scholar of Hebrew, Greek, Syrias and Latin. Alexander Hugh Macmillan ( June 2 1877 - August 26, 1966) also referred to as A [9]
References
- ^ Witness Under Prosecution, Time Magazine, February 22, 1982
- ^ Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, chapter 9
- ^ Michael Marlowe editor, The New World Translation, published online by Bible Research
- ^ Wills T, M. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and A. , A People For His Name – A History of Jehovah’s Witnesses and An Evaluation, Second Edition, Lulu, 2006: 253 (Originally published in 1967 by Vantage Press) “[Frederick] Franz is a language scholar of no mean ability—he supervised the translation of the Bible from the original languages into the New World Translation, completed in 1961. ”
- ^ Walsh vs Honorable James Latham, Court of Session Scotland, 1954, cross examination of Frederick Franz pp. 87-88
- ^ Penton, James, Apocalypse Delayed, Second Edition, 1999, p. 79. James Penton is disfellowshipped from the Watchtower organization.
- ^ 1911-1913 University of Cincinnati transcript for Frederick W. Franz. Between 1911 and 1913 Franz attended the University of Cincinnati. He earned 15 hours of Latin, 21 hours of classical Greek, and a single 2-hour credit class in a course titled “The New Testament—A course in grammar and translation. ”
- ^ The Watchtower, May 1, 1987 pp. The Watchtower ( is a monthly illustrated religious Magazine, printed and published by Jehovah's Witnesses via the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society 23-24, Frederick Franz states he left the University of Cincinnati near the end of his junior year. According to Franz his early departure from the University of Cincinnati was at a sacrifice. He states, “I have never regretted that, shortly before the announcements by the educational authorities regarding the outcome of the examinations for the Cecil Rhodes Scholarship, I wrote a letter to the authorities and advised them that I had lost interest in the Oxford University scholarship and that they should drop me from the list of contestants. This I did even though my professor in Greek at the university, Dr. Joseph Harry, informed me that I had been chosen to receive it. ”
- ^ MacMillan AH, Faith on the March, Prentice Hall, 1957, p. 181-182. This author, Alexander Hugh MacMillan, sat on the Board of Directors of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, Incorporated, the publisher of the New World Translation.
| Preceded by Nathan H. Knorr |
President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania June 22, 1977-December 22, 1992 |
Succeeded by Milton G. Henschel |
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