| Sir Stanley Maude | |
|---|---|
| 25 June 1864–18 November 1917 | |
| Place of birth | Gibraltar |
| Place of death | Baghdad |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | UK Army |
| Years of service | 1883 - 1917 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Battles/wars | Second Boer War World War I |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order |
Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Stanley Maude KCB, CMG, DSO (24 June 1864 - 18 November 1917) was a British commander, most famous for his efforts in Mesopotamia during World War I and for conquering Baghdad in 1917. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of the Great War fought between Allied Powers represented by the British Empire The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
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Early life
Family
Maude was born in Gibraltar into a military family; his father was Sir Frederick Francis Maude – a general who had been awarded the Victoria Cross in 1855 during the Crimean War, and who is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar General Sir Frederick Francis Maude VC GCB ( 20 December, 1821 - 20 June 1897) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought
Education
Maude attended Eton College and then the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst ( RMAS) commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is the British Army officer initial training centre He graduated in 1883 and joined the Coldstream Guards in February 1884. Her Majesty's Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards, also known officially as the Coldstream Guards (COLDM GDS is a Regiment of the British Army, part of Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Service
Maude first saw active service in Egypt from March to September 1885, where he was awarded the Egyptian Medal and the Khedive's Egyptian Star. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the HMS Khedive, see ''USS'' Cordova. Khedive (from Persian for "lord" was a title first He next saw service as a Major during the Second Boer War, where he served from January 1900 to March 1901, he won a DSO and the Queen's South African Medal. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa From 1902 to 1904, he served on the staff of the Governor-General of Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page He returned to Britain to become second-in-command at the Coldstream Guards and then he joined the General Staff, was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1907 and Colonel in 1911.
World War I
Western Front
In World War I, Maude first served in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He was a staff officer with III Corps when, in October 1914, he was promoted to Brigadier-General and given command of the 14th Brigade. He was wounded in April 1915 and returned home to recover. He returned to France in May and, in June, he was promoted to Major-General and transferred to command the 33rd Division, then still in training.
Dardanelles
In mid-August, however, Maude was instead given charge of the 13th Division in Suvla. Suvla is a Bay on the Aegean coast of the Gallipoli peninsula in European Turkey, south of the Gulf of Saros. The 13th suffered heavy casualties retreating from Suvla and landing and later evacuating from Helles before being shifted to Mesopotamia in March 1916.
Mesopotamian Campaign
Maude arrived to catch the end of the British failure at the Siege of Kut where Maude was promoted to Lieutenant-General, replacing General Gorringe as commander of the newly dubbed Tigris Corps (III Army Corps) in July 1916. The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of the Great War fought between Allied Powers represented by the British Empire The Siege of Kut was a major battle of World War I. It was part of the Mesopotamian Campaign (in what is now Iraq) Despite being instructed to do no more than hold the existing line, Maude set about to re-organising and re-supplying his mixed British and Indian forces. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country He was made commander of all Allied forces in Mesopotamia in late July 1916.
Given reinforcements and more equipment, Maude directed his force in a steady series of victories. Advancing up the Tigris and winning the battles of Mohammed Abdul Hassan, Hai and Dahra in January 1917, recapturing Kut in February 1917 and then taking Baghdad on March 11, 1917. The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern The Second Battle of Kut was fought on February 23, 1917, between British and Ottoman forces On March 11, 1917, the British Army fighting the Ottoman Turks in the First World War after a series of defeats captured Baghdad in a two year campaign Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year (He issued the oft-quoted Proclamation of Baghdad on 19 March. ) From Baghdad, he launched the Samarrah Offensive and extended his operations to the Euphrates and Diyala rivers. The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת
After a lull over the summer, by November his forces were engaged at Ramadi and Tikrit when he became ill from cholera (apparently from drinking unboiled milk) and abruptly died. Ramadi ( BGN: Ar Ramādī) is a City in central Iraq, about West of Baghdad Tikrit (تكريت Tikrīt also transliterated as Takrit or Tekrit) is a town in Iraq, located Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium Curiously, he died in the same house as German General von der Goltz a year earlier. Wilhelm Leopold Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz ( August 12 1843 &ndash April 19 1916) also known as Goltz Pasha, was a Prussian He was succeeded by General Marshall, who took a more passive approach as a commander. Lieutenant General Sir William Raine Marshall GCMG, KCB, KCSI (1865–1939 was a British Army officer who in November 1917 succeeded
In 2003, the British military headquarters in Baghdad's Green Zone was named "Maude House". The Green Zone (the common name for the International Zone of Iraq is a 10 km² (4 mile² area in central Baghdad that was the center of the Coalition Provisional
Maude is buried in Baghdad (North Gate) War Cemetery, and there is a memorial to him in Brompton Cemetery, London.
Quotes
- "Our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors or enemies, but as liberators. " -- Baghdad, March, 1917
External Links
[1] A photograph of his statue that was once stood in Baghdad, torn down after the 1958 coup.
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