Citizendia

Frans van Anraat
BornAugust 9, 1942 (1942-08-09) (age 65)
Flag of the Netherlands Den Helder, Netherlands
Penalty17 years imprisonment
StatusIn prison
OccupationChemist

Frans Cornelis Adrianus van Anraat (born August 9, 1942 in Den Helder) is a Dutch businessman who sold raw materials for the production of chemical weapons to Iraq during the reign of Saddam Hussein. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30

Contents

Business in Iraq

During the 1970s Van Anraat worked at engineering companies in Italy, Switzerland and Singapore that were building chemical plants in Iraq. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Singapore Having learned about the trade in chemicals, he founded his own company, "FCA Contractor", based in Bissone, Switzerland. Bissone is a Village located on the shore of Lake Lugano, in the southernmost tip of Switzerland. From 1984 he supplied thousands of tons of chemicals to Iraq. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Among these chemicals were the essential raw materials for producing mustard gas and nerve gas. The sulfur mustards, of which mustard gas ( Bis (2-chloroethyl sulfide is a member are a class of related Cytotoxic, Vesicant Chemical Nerve agents (also being referred to as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature are a class of Phosphorus -containing organic chemicals [1] Both gases were used during the Iran-Iraq war between 1980-1988 as well as during the Halabja poison gas attack the military carried out on Iraqi Kurds in 1988, in which some 5,000 people were killed. The Halabja poison gas attack occurred in the period March 16 – 17, 1988, during the Iran-Iraq War. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) This attack was part of the Al-Anfal campaign of the Iraqi regime against Kurds in the north of the country. The al-Anfal Campaign (حملة الأنفال also known as Operation Anfal, was a genocidal campaign against Kurds led by the Iraqi regime [2]

Arrest and trial

After his arrest and release in Italy in 1989, Van Anraat fled to Iraq, where he lived for the next 14 years. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) [3] When Saddam's regime fell in 2003, Van Anraat returned to the Netherlands. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. He was arrested on December 6, 2004 for complicity to war crimes and genocide. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group On December 23, 2005, he was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for complicity to war crimes, but the court argued the charges of complicity to genocide could not be substantiated. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [4][3] Both the public prosecutor as well as van Anraat appealed the verdict. In May 2007, the appeal court sentenced van Anraat to seventeen years in prison, this time for complicity to multiple war crimes which explains the two extra years, but not for complicity to genocide. [5]

This case was also notable because it established that the chemical bombings in North Iraq constituted genocide according to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1948 and came into effect in January 1951 Van Anraat is the only Dutchman ever to appear on the FBI's most wanted list. See also Former FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, FBI Most Wanted Terrorists The FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list arose from a conversation held in late 1949 [4]

Relation with Dutch secret service

Shortly after the arrest of Van Anraat, several Dutch newspapers reported that Van Anraat had been an informant of the Dutch secret service, the AIVD. This article is about the form of gov policing For other meanings see Secret Service (disambiguation. Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst ( AIVD) formerly known as the BVD ( Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst, Domestic Security Service) is the General [6] According to the Dutch press, Van Anraat received protection from the AIVD and was placed in a safehouse of the Ministry of Home Affairs and Kingdom Relations in Amsterdam. In law enforcement and intelligence jargon of Intelligence agencies and Police forces a secured location suitable for hiding witnesses agents or other persons The Ministry of Home Affairs and Kingdom Relations ( Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties; BZK is the Dutch Ministry of home affairs [7]

References

  1. ^ Dutchman in Iraq genocide charges. BBC (18 March, 2005).
  2. ^ Dutchman 'knew possible fatal use of chemicals'. IranMania. com (December 3, 2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  3. ^ a b Saddam's 'Dutch link'. BBC (23 December 2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  4. ^ a b Van Anraat, most wanted by the FBI (Dutch). NOS (23 June 2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  5. ^ Hof veroordeelt Van Anraat tot zeventien jaar cel (Dutch). Nu. nl (9 May 2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  6. ^ "Van Anraat was informant AIVD" (Dutch) (20-12-2004). Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  7. ^ VAN ANRAAT ZAT IN SAFEHOUSE AIVD (Dutch). Nova (20-12-2004). Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of

External links

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