Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt am Main skyline
Coat of arms	Location
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Hesse
Admin. region	Darmstadt
District	Urban district
City subdivisions	16 districts (Ortsbezirke) 46 boroughs (Stadtteile)
Lord Mayor	Petra Roth (CDU)
Governing parties	CDU / Greens
Basic statistics
Area	248. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Darmstadt is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the south of the state German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist This is a list of mayors of Frankfurt am Main, Germany Oberbürgermeister since 1868 From 1867 to 1946, Frankfurt was a city in Prussia Petra Roth (born May 9, 1944 in Bremen) is a German politician and mayor of Frankfurt since 1995 The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. This is a list of political parties in Germany. Germany has a Multi-party system with two large parties three substantial smaller parties and a number of minor The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 31 km² (95. 9 sq mi)
Elevation	112 m  (367 ft)
Population	667,598  (10/12/2007)[1]
- Density	2,689 /km² (6,963 /sq mi)
- Metro	5,800,000 (06/2008)
Founded	1st century
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	F
Postal codes	60001-60599, 65901-65936
Area codes	069, 06109, 06101
Website	www.frankfurt.de
Location of the city of Frankfurt am Main within Hesse
Coordinates: 50°6′37″N 8°40′56″E / 50.11028, 8.68222

Frankfurt am Main (help·info) (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊɐtʰ], English: [ˈfɹæŋkfɜːt]) is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2007 population of 667,598. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area This is a list of cities in Germany with more than 100000 inhabitants. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The urban area had an estimated population of 2. 26 million in 2001. ^[1] The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine Main Area which has a population of 5. 3 million and is Germany's second largest metropolitan area. The demography of the Federal Republic of Germany is monitored by the "Statistisches Bundesamt" ( Federal Statistical Office of Germany)

Situated on the River Main, Frankfurt is the financial and transportation centre of Germany and one of the two largest financial centres in continental Europe, the other being Paris. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated This article is about transport in the Federal Republic of Germany, a member of the European Union. Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the Continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city It is the place of residence of the European Central Bank, the German Federal Bank, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the Frankfurt Trade Fair. The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the The Deutsche Bundesbank ( German for German Federal Bank) is the Central bank of the Federal Republic of Germany and as such part of the The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Frankfurt Trade Fair ( German Messe Frankfurt) is the most important congress exhibition corporations with extensive trade fair grounds in Frankfurt Frankfurt International Airport is one of the world's busiest airports, Frankfurt Central Station is one of the largest terminal stations in Europe, and the Frankfurter Kreuz (Autobahn interchange) is the most heavily used interchange in Europe. Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe is the Hauptbahnhof for Frankfurt am Main and along with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof, is one of the largest Terminal stations in Europe The Frankfurter Kreuz is an Autobahn interchange in the city of Frankfurt in Hesse, Germany where the autobahns A3 and A5 (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor Frankfurt is the only German city listed as one of ten Alpha world cities. ^[2]

Among English speakers the city is commonly known simply as "Frankfurt", though Germans occasionally call it by its full name when it is necessary to distinguish it from the other (significantly smaller) Frankfurt in the German state of Brandenburg, known as Frankfurt (Oder). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Frankfurt (Oder is a City in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River on the German- Polish border directly opposite the It is also called Frankfort-on-the-Main in English, a translation of Frankfurt am Main.

Contents 1 Overview 2 History 2.1 Population 3 Geography 3.1 Geographic location 3.2 Neighbouring communities and areas 3.3 City divisions and districts 3.4 History of incorporation 4 Main sights 4.1 Saint Bartholomeus' Cathedral 4.2 Roemer 4.3 Saint Paul's Church 4.4 Old Opera House 4.5 Frankfurt Opera House 4.6 Saint Katherine's Church 4.7 Hauptwache 4.8 Zeil 4.9 20th-century architecture 4.10 Skyscrapers 4.11 Other tall structures 5 Culture 5.1 Festivals 5.2 Museums 5.3 Culinary specialties 5.4 Dance music 6 Transport 6.1 Airports 6.2 Roads 6.3 Railway stations 6.4 Public transport 6.5 Taxis 6.6 Bicycles 7 Economy and business 7.1 Banks 7.2 Stock exchange 7.3 Trade fairs 7.4 Advertising agencies 7.5 Accountancy and professional services 7.6 Management consulting 7.7 Electronic communication 7.8 Lawyers 7.9 Working in Frankfurt 7.10 Other businesses 7.11 Property and real estate 7.12 Establishments and organization 7.13 Media 8 Education and research 9 Sport 10 Sister cities 11 Gallery 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

Overview

The three pillars of Frankfurt's economy are finance, transport, and trade fairs. The IG Farben Building or the Poelzig Building, was built from 1928 to 1930 as the corporate headquarters of the IG Farben conglomerate in Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt has been Germany's financial centre for centuries, and it is the home of a number of major banks and brokerages. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange is by far Germany's largest, and is one of the world's most important. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Frankfurt is also the seat of the European Central Bank which sets monetary policy for the Eurozone economy, and of the German Federal Bank. The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Euro Enlargement of the The Deutsche Bundesbank ( German for German Federal Bank) is the Central bank of the Federal Republic of Germany and as such part of the Over 300 national and international banks are represented including the headquarters of the major German banks.

Frankfurt has an excellent transportation infrastructure, and the Frankfurt International Airport is a major European aviation hub. Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe Its central location at the heart of Europe and its excellent accessibility by air, rail and road make Frankfurt Airport City especially attractive.

In addition, many large trade fairs are held in Frankfurt each year, notably the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung, the world's largest motor show, and the Frankfurter Buchmesse, the world's largest book fair. The International Motor Show or Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA is the world's largest Motor show. Frankfurt Book Fair (Frankfurter Buchmesse is the world's largest Trade fair for Books, based on the number of publishing companies represented

Frankfurt is also home to many cultural and educational institutions including the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, many museums and a large botanical garden, the Palmengarten. This article deals with the Culture of Germany as a political state within Europe for a review of the culture of the German-speaking world, see Responsibility for German education system lies primarily with the states while the federal government only has a minor role The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (also known as Frankfurt University) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens' University which means that while it was The Palmengarten is one of two Botanical gardens in Frankfurt am Main and is located in the city district Westend-Nord. Frankfurt's second major university, Business School of Finance and Management, focuses on finance.

Frankfurt is one of only four European cities that have a significant number of high-rise skyscrapers. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper With ten skyscrapers taller than 150 m (492 ft) in 2004, Frankfurt is second behind Paris with twelve skyscrapers, but ahead of London with eight skyscrapers and Moscow with seven skyscrapers. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The city of Frankfurt contains the two tallest skyscrapers in the European Union, the Commerzbank Tower and Messeturm, which rank second and third on the continent after the Triumph-Palace in Moscow. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Commerzbank Tower is a Skyscraper located in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. Messeturm is a well-known Skyscraper in Frankfurt, Germany. Its name translates as "Fair Tower" ("fair" in the sense of "trade This list of tallest buildings in Europe ranks skyscrapers in Europe by height Triumph-Palace (Триу́мф-Пала́с is the name of an Apartment building in Moscow.

History

Main article: History of Frankfurt am Main

In the area of the Römer, Roman settlements were established, probably in the 1st century; some artifacts from that era are found even to this day. Wappen-frankfurtpng|right|100px]] The history of the city of Frankfurt am Main is the story of a hill at a ford in the Main that developed into a European banking metropolis Germania was the Latin Exonym for The city district Bonames has a name probably dating back to Roman times—it is thought to be derived from bona me(n)sa. Nida (Heddernheim) was also a Roman civitas capital.

The name of Frankfurt on Main is derived from the Franconofurd of the Germanic tribe of the Franks; Furt (cf. English ford) where the river was shallow enough to be crossed by wading. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group cf is an abbreviation for the Latin -derived (but also modern English) word confer, meaning "compare" or "consult" English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled Alemanni and Franks lived there and by 794 Charlemagne presided over an imperial assembly and church synod, at which Franconofurd (-furt -vurd) was first mentioned. The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Council of Frankfurt in 794 was called by Charlemagne. This church council condemned the Adoptionist heresy and revoked decrees regarding the holy

Frankfurt was one of the most important cities in the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in From 855 the German kings and emperors were elected in Frankfurt and crowned in Aachen. This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, From 1562 the kings/emperors were also crowned in Frankfurt, Maximilian II being the first. Maximilian II ( July 31, 1527 &ndash October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562 king of Hungary and Croatia This tradition ended in 1792, when Franz II was elected. Francis II (Franz II Heiliger Römischer Kaiser ( 12 February 1768 &ndash 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling His coronation was deliberately held on Bastille Day, 14 July, the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille. Bastille Day is the French national holiday, celebrated on 14 July each year. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. The Storming of the Bastille in Paris occurred on 14 July 1789. The elections and coronations took place in St. Bartholomäus cathedral, known as the Kaiserdom (en: Emperor's Cathedral), or in its predecessors. Saint Bartholomeus's Cathedral ( Dom Sankt Bartholomäus) is a Gothic building located in Frankfurt, Germany.

The Frankfurter Messe (Frankfurt Trade Fair) was first mentioned in 1150. In 1240, Emperor Friedrich II granted an Imperial privilege to its visitors, meaning they would be protected by the Empire. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title Book trade fairs have been held in Frankfurt since 1478, the Frankfurter Buchmesse is still the most important in Germany and, some might say, the world. Frankfurt Book Fair (Frankfurter Buchmesse is the world's largest Trade fair for Books, based on the number of publishing companies represented

In 1372 Frankfurt became a Reichsstadt (en:Imperial city), i. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash e. directly subordinate to the Holy Roman Emperor and not to a regional ruler or a local nobleman. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states

Frankfurt managed to remain neutral during the Thirty Years' War, but suffered from the bubonic plague that was brought to the city by refugees. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis (formerly known as After the end of the war, Frankfurt regained its wealth.

In the Napoleonic Wars Frankfurt was occupied or bombarded several times by French troops. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions It nevertheless still remained a free city until the total collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805/6. In 1806 it become part of the principality of Aschaffenburg under the Fürstprimas ('Prince-Primate', 25 July 1806 – 19 October 1813: Karl Theodor Anton Maria Kämmerer von Worms, Reichsfreiherr von Dalberg (b. Prince-Primate ( Fürstprimas in German, hercegprímás in Hungarian) is a rare Princely title held by individual Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg ( February 8, 1744 – February 10, 1817) was Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, Arch-Chancellor 1744 – d. 1817), 1803–1806 Prince-archbishop of Regensburg). This also meant that Frankfurt was incorporated into the confederation of the Rhine. The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted In 1810 Dalberg adopted the title of a Grand Duke of Frankfurt. The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German Satellite state of Napoleonic creation Napoleon intended to make his adopted son Eugène de Beauharnais, already Prince de Venise ("prince of Venice", a newly established primogeniture in Italy), Grand Duke of Frankfurt after Dalberg's death (since the latter as a Catholic bishop had no legitimate heirs). Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Eugène Rose de Beauharnais Prince Français Prince of Venice, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy, Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. The Grand Duchy remained a short episode lasting from 1810 to 1813, when the military tide turned in favor of the Anglo-Prussian lead allies, which overturned the Napoleonic order of central Europe. Dalberg abdicated in favor of Eugène de Beauharnais, which of course was only a symbolic action, as the latter effectively never did rule after the ruin of the French armies and Frankfurt being taken by the allies.

After Napoleon's final defeat and abdication, the Congress of Vienna (1812–1815, redrawing the map of Europe) dissolved the grand-duchy, and Frankfurt entered the newly founded German Confederation (till 1866) as a free city, becoming the seat of its Bundestag, the confederal parliament where the nominally presiding Habsburg Emperor of Austria was represented by an Austrian "presidential envoy". The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor

After the ill-fated revolution of 1848, Frankfurt was the seat of the first democratically elected German parliament, the Frankfurt Parliament, which met in the Frankfurter Paulskirche (St. " Germany " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 States loosely bound together in the German Confederation. The Frankfurt Parliament ( German: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected Parliament The Paulskirche is a church in Frankfurt am Main with important political symbolism in Germany. Paul's Church) and was opened on 18 May 1848. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The institution failed in 1849 when the Prussian king declared that he would not accept "a crown from the gutter". The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising In the year of its existence, the assembly developed a common constitution for a unified Germany, with the Prussian king as its monarch.

Frankfurt lost its independence after the Austro-Prussian War as Prussia in 1866 annexed several smaller states, among them the free city of Frankfurt. The Austro-Prussian The Prussian administration incorporated Frankfurt into its province of Hesse-Nassau. The Province of Hesse-Nassau (Provinz Hessen-Nassau was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1868-1918 then a province of the Free State of Prussia The formerly independent towns of Bornheim and Bockenheim were incorporated in 1890.

In 1914 the citizens of Frankfurt founded the University of Frankfurt, later called Johann Wolfgang Goethe University. The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (also known as Frankfurt University) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens' University which means that while it was This is the only civic foundation of a university in Germany; today it is one of Germany's largest universities.

After World War I, Frankfurt was occupied by French troops in reprisal for having violated, from the French viewpoint, some details of the peace treaty of Versailles concerning the demilitarisation of the Rhineland. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Rhineland ( Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. In 1924 Ludwig Landmann became the first Jewish Mayor of the city, and led a significant expansion during the following years. Dr Ludwig Landmann ( May 18, 1868 in Mannheim - March 5, 1945 in Voorburg, Netherlands) was a liberal German Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut However, during the Nazi era, the synagogues of Frankfurt were destroyed. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of

The city of Frankfurt was severely bombed in World War II (1939–1945). The city of Frankfurt am Main was severely bombed by the Allies during World War II. About 5,500 residents were killed during the raids, and the once famous medieval city centre, by that time the largest in Germany, was destroyed. Post-war reconstruction took place in a sometimes simple modern style, thus irrevocably changing the architectural face of Frankfurt. Only very few landmark buildings have been reconstructed historically, albeit in a simplified manner.

After the end of the war, Frankfurt became a part of the newly founded state of Hesse, consisting of the old Hesse-(Darmstadt) and the Prussian Hesse provinces. The People's State of Hesse (Volksstaat Hessen was the name of the German state of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1918 until 1945 The Province of Kurhessen (Provinz Kurhessen was a province of Prussia within Nazi Germany from 1944-45 The city was part of the American Zone of Occupation of Germany. The Allied powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative The Military Governor for the United States Zone (1945–1949) and the United States High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG) (1949–1952) had their headquarters in the IG Farben Building, intentionally left undamaged by the Allies' wartime bombardment. The IG Farben Building or the Poelzig Building, was built from 1928 to 1930 as the corporate headquarters of the IG Farben conglomerate in Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt was the original choice for the provisional capital of West Germany—they even went as far as constructing a new parliament building that has never been used for its intended purpose, and is now a TV studio. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( In the end, Konrad Adenauer (the first post-war Chancellor) preferred the tiny city of Bonn, for the most part because it was close to his hometown, but also for another reason; many other prominent politicians opposed the choice of Frankfurt out of concern that Frankfurt, one of the largest German cities and a former centre of the old German-dominated Holy Roman Empire, would be accepted as a "permanent" capital of Germany, thereby weakening the West German population's support for reunification and the eventual return of the Government to Berlin. Konrad Hermann Josef Adenauer ( 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967 was a German Statesman. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

During the 1970s, the city created one of Europe's most efficient underground transportation systems. That system includes a light rail system (S-Bahn) capable of reaching outlying communities as well as the city centre, and a deep underground rail system with smaller coaches (U-Bahn) also capable of travelling above ground on street rails. This article has been partially translated from the German Wikipedia article The Frankfurt U-Bahn, together with the Frankfurt S-Bahn and the Frankfurt Straßenbahn is the backbone of the Public transport system of Frankfurt, Germany

Since the postwar period Frankfurt has emerged once again as the financial and transportation centre of Germany.

Population

Frankfurt is a multicultural city. Most immigrants are from Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, Spain, North African countries, Iran, Lebanon, and the United States. Turks in Germany (occasionally German Turks or Turkish Germans, German: Deutschtürken) are people of Turkish ethnicity living Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Italian Germans is the term to describe people of fully or partially descending from Italy or Italian parents but living in Germany Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Frankfurt Area is also home to the (now 2nd) largest Korean community in Europe, and 180 different nationalities reside in Frankfurt. Koreans in Germany numbered 32068 individuals As of 2005, making them the 9th-largest community of overseas Koreans worldwide and the third-largest in

For a long time Frankfurt was a Protestant-dominated city. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. However, during the 19th century an increasing number of Catholics moved to the city. The German Catholic Church, part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, is under the leadership of the Pope, Curia in Rome, and the Conference Today a small majority of its citizens are Catholic. According to the Central Council of Jews in Germany, there are 7,300 Jews affiliated with Judaism in Frankfurt, giving it the second largest Jewish community (behind Berlin) in Germany. Jews have lived in Germany, or " Ashkenaz " at least since the early 4th century, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

Geography

Geographic location

The city is located on both sides of the River Main in the south-west part of Germany. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The southern part of the city contains the Frankfurt City Forest (Frankfurter Stadtwald), Germany's largest forest within a city. The Frankfurt City Forest or Frankfurter Stadtwald is a forest district in the south of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The centre of Frankfurt is located on the north side of the river.

Neighbouring communities and areas

To the west, Frankfurt borders the Main-Taunus-Kreis (Hattersheim am Main, Kriftel, Hofheim am Taunus, Kelkheim (Taunus), Liederbach am Taunus, Sulzbach (Taunus), Schwalbach am Taunus and Eschborn); to the northwest the Hochtaunuskreis (Steinbach (Taunus), Oberursel (Taunus), and Bad Homburg); to the north the Wetteraukreis (Karben and Bad Vilbel); to the northeast the Main-Kinzig-Kreis (Niederdorfelden and Maintal); to the southeast the city of Offenbach am Main; to the south the Kreis Offenbach (Neu-Isenburg) and to the southwest the Kreis Groß-Gerau (Mörfelden-Walldorf, Rüsselsheim and Kelsterbach). Main-Taunus is a Kreis ( District) in the middle of Hesse, Germany. Hattersheim am Main is a town in the Main-Taunus district, Hesse ( Germany) Kriftel is a municipality in the Main-Taunus district in Hesse, Germany. Hofheim (officially known as Hofheim am Taunus) is a Frankfurt suburb and the administrive center of the Main-Taunus district in the south of the state Kelkheim is a town in the Main-Taunus-Kreis district in Hesse, Germany. Liederbach am Taunus is a town in Hesse, Germany with 8500 inhabitants Sulzbach is a municipality in the Main-Taunus district in Hesse, Germany. Schwalbach am Taunus is a town in the Main-Taunus-Kreis district in Hesse, Germany. Eschborn is a Suburb of Frankfurt in the Main-Taunus district Hesse, Germany. The Hochtaunuskreis is a Kreis ( District) in the middle of Hesse, Germany. Steinbach is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis that borders in the east on Frankfurt am Main. For the engine manufacturer see Motorenfabrik Oberursel. Oberursel (Taunus is a town in Germany. Also see Homburg. Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (official Bad Homburg v The Wetteraukreis is a Kreis ( District) in the middle of Hesse, Germany. Karben is a town in the Wetteraukreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated on the banks of the river Nidda in the Rhein-Main-Gebiet (Rhein-Main Bad Vilbel is a Spa town with many Mineral waters Bad Vilbel is the Town with the most inhabitants in the Wetteraukreis district in Hesse, Main-Kinzig is a Kreis ( District) in the east of Hesse, Germany. Niederdorfelden is a municipality in the Main-Kinzig district in Hesse, Germany. Maintal is the second largest town of the Main-Kinzig district in Hesse, Germany. Offenbach am Main is a city in Hesse, Germany located on southside of the river Main. Offenbach is a Kreis ( District) in the south of Hesse, Germany. Neu-Isenburg is a city in the Offenbach Kreis (district in southern Hesse, Germany with a population of 35386. Groß-Gerau is a Kreis ( District) in the south of Hesse ( Hessen in German Germany. Mörfelden-Walldorf is a town in the Groß-Gerau district lying in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main Region in Hesse, Germany. Rüsselsheim is the largest town in the Groß-Gerau district in the Rhein-Main region of Germany. Kelsterbach is a town in Groß-Gerau district in Hessen, Germany.

City divisions and districts

The city is divided into 46 Stadtteile or Ortsteile which are again divided into 118 Stadtbezirke. A quarter is a section of an urban settlement Its borders can be administratively chosen (then denoted as Borough) and it may have its own administrative structure A quarter is a section of an urban settlement Its borders can be administratively chosen (then denoted as Borough) and it may have its own administrative structure A Stadtbezirk is a form of German City district. A city district is an administrative unit within a larger city The largest Ortsteil is Sachsenhausen-Süd. Sachsenhausen is a part of the city of Frankfurt, Germany. Composed of the two districts Sachsenhausen-Nord and Sachsenhausen-Süd. Most Stadtteile are incorporated suburbs (Vororte), or previously separate cities, like Höchst. See Tagsatzung for the meaning in historical Switzerland Vorort is a German term that could be considered roughly equivalent to Höchst (German høːkst / høːçst is a district of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Some like Nordend arose during the rapid growth of the city in the Gründerzeit following the unification of Germany. The Nordend is a district of the German city of Frankfurt am Main. deu Gründerzeit ( German, 'grʏndɐˌtsaɪ̯t literally “the founders' epoch” refers to the economic phase in 19th century Germany and Austria before Others were formed from settlements which previously belonged to other city divisions, like Dornbusch. Dornbusch is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

The 46 city divisions are combined into 16 area districts or Ortsbezirke, which each have a district committee and chairperson.

History of incorporation

Until the middle of the 19th century, the city territory of Frankfurt consisted of the present-day Stadtteile of Altstadt, Innenstadt, Bahnhofsviertel, Gutleutviertel, Gallus, Westend, Nordend, Ostend, Riederwald and Sachsenhausen. A quarter is a section of an urban settlement Its borders can be administratively chosen (then denoted as Borough) and it may have its own administrative structure Altstadt or old city is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, located on the northern Main bank The Innenstadt is the central district of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The Bahnhofsviertel is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main. Gutleutviertel is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Gallus, former Gallusviertel, is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Westend area of Frankfurt contains the two districts of Westend-Nord and Westend-Süd. The Nordend is a district of the German city of Frankfurt am Main. Ostend is a borough of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is home to several brothels located along the Main River Riederwald is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Sachsenhausen is a part of the city of Frankfurt, Germany. Composed of the two districts Sachsenhausen-Nord and Sachsenhausen-Süd. After 1877, a number of previously independent areas were incorporated into the city, see list of current districts of the city.

Main sights

St. Bartholomeus' Cathedral

Roemer, the city hall

St. Paul's Church

The old opera house, now a concert hall

St. Katherine's Church

Maintower

Skyline of Frankfurt at night

Saint Bartholomeus' Cathedral

Main article: Frankfurt Cathedral

Saint Bartholomeus' Cathedral (Dom Sankt Bartholomäus) is a Gothic building which was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the Merovingian time. Saint Bartholomeus's Cathedral ( Dom Sankt Bartholomäus) is a Gothic building located in Frankfurt, Germany. Saint Bartholomew was one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus. Bartholomew (Βαρθολομαίος transliterated "Bartholomaios" comes from See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin It is the main church of Frankfurt. From 1356 onwards, kings of the Holy Roman Empire were elected in this church, and from 1562 to 1792, emperors were crowned here. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in

Since the 18th century, Saint Bartholomeus' has been called "the cathedral" by the people, although it has never been a bishop's seat. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral In 1867, the cathedral was destroyed by a fire and rebuilt in its present style. The height of the cathedral is 95 m.

Roemer

Main article: Römer (Frankfurt am Main)

The name of the city hall means "Roman". Römer is also a surname. Römer is also a company dedicated to child road products Rathaus is a German word literally translating as "council house" often rendered as "city hall" or "town hall". In fact, nine houses were acquired by the city council in 1405 from a wealthy merchant family. The middle house became the town hall and was later connected with the neighbouring buildings. In the upper floor, there is the Kaisersaal ("Emperor's Hall") where the newly crowned emperors held their banquets. The Römer was partially destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. It is located at the Römerberg (city hall square).

Saint Paul's Church

Main article: Frankfurter Paulskirche

St. The Paulskirche is a church in Frankfurt am Main with important political symbolism in Germany. Paul's Church (Paulskirche) is a national historic monument in Germany with great political symbolism, because it was the seat of the first democratically elected Parliament in 1848. It was established in 1789 as a Protestant church but was not completed until 1833. Its importance has its root in the Frankfurt Parliament, which met in the church during the revolutionary years of 1848/49 in order to write a constitution for a united Germany. The Frankfurt Parliament ( German: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected Parliament The attempt failed because the monarchs of Prussia and Austria did not want to lose power, and in 1849 Prussian troops ended the democratic experiment by force of arms and the parliament was dissolved. Afterwards, the building was used for church services again.

St. Paul's was partially destroyed in World War II, particularly the interior of the building, which now has a modern appearance. It was quickly and symbolically rebuilt after the war; today it is not used for religious services, but mainly for exhibitions and events.

Old Opera House

Main article: Alte Oper

The famous old opera house (Alte Oper) was built in 1880 by the architect Richard Lucae. The Alte Oper ( Old Opera) is a major Concert hall and former Opera house in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It was one of the major opera houses in Germany until it was heavily damaged in World War II. Until the late 1970s it was a ruin, nicknamed "Germany's Most Beautiful Ruin". There were even efforts to just blow it up. Former Frankfurt Lord Mayor Rudi Arndt called for blowing it up in the 1960s, which earned him the nicknamed "Dynamite-Rudi". (Later on, Arndt said he never had meant his suggestion seriously. )

Fortunately, due to public pressure, it was finally fully reconstructed and reopened in 1981. Today it functions as a concert hall, while operas are performed in the Oper Frankfurt. The Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt ( Frankfurt Opera House) is an important European opera house the home of Oper Frankfurt (the Frankfurt Opera a leading

The inscription on the frieze of the Old Opera says: "Dem Wahren, Schönen, Guten" ("To the true, the beautiful, the good"). In Architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an Entablature and may be plain or &ndash in the Ionic or Corinthian order &ndash

Frankfurt Opera House

Main article: Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt

The Frankfurt Opera is a leading opera company in Germany and one of the most important opera houses in Europe. The Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt ( Frankfurt Opera House) is an important European opera house the home of Oper Frankfurt (the Frankfurt Opera a leading It was elected "Opera house of the year" by German magazine Opernwelt in 1995 and 2003.

Saint Katherine's Church

Main article: Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt

St. Katharinenkirche ( German: "St Catherine's church" is the largest Evangelical church in Frankfurt am Main, dedicated to the Martyred Katherine's church is the largest evangelical (Lutheran) church in Frankfurt. EKD redirects here For the Basque political party see Democracia Cristiana Vasca. It is located in the city centre at the entrance to the Zeil. The Zeil is a street in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany.

Hauptwache

Main article: Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)

The Hauptwache (Main Watch) is a baroque building built in 1730, formerly used as a prison. The Hauptwache is a central point of Frankfurt am Main and is one of the most famous plazas in the city Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical It has given its name to the surrounding square and the transport hub beneath it. It is situated at one end of the Zeil, the city's main retail street.

Zeil

Main article: Zeil

The Zeil is Frankfurt's main shopping street and one of the most crowded in Germany. The Zeil is a street in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. The street is a pedestrian-only area and is bordered by two large plazas, Hauptwache in the west and Konstablerwache in the east. It is the second most expensive street for shops to rent in Germany after the Kaufingerstraße in Munich. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany.

20th-century architecture

• Frauenfriedenskirche, consecrated 1929, example of early modernist church building
• Grossmarkthalle, built 1926-1928, former wholesale market, future European Central Bank headquarters
• IG Farben Building, built 1928-1930, now housing the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University
• Goethe House, rebuilt in 1947. The Frauenfriedenskirche ( German for Women's Peace Church) is a Roman Catholic church in Bockenheim, Frankfurt am Main ( Germany The Großmarkthalle ( Wholesale Market Hall) located in the Ostend of Frankfurt am Main, was the city's main wholesale market especially for fruit and The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the The IG Farben Building or the Poelzig Building, was built from 1928 to 1930 as the corporate headquarters of the IG Farben conglomerate in Frankfurt am Main The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (also known as Frankfurt University) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens' University which means that while it was The Goethe House in the old town of Frankfurt am Main was the family residence of the Goethe family most notably Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, until 1795 The birthplace of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe from 1749 was destroyed in World War II and then rebuilt true to the original. ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer The Goethe Museum is next door.
• Museum für angewandte Kunst, built 1985, designed by Richard Meier

Skyscrapers

Frankfurt is the only German city with a significant number of skyscrapers, meaning buildings at least 150 meters tall. The Museum of Applied Arts or just MAK, a short version of its German name Museum für angewandte Kunst is located in Frankfurt, Germany and For the American urban planner see Richard L Meier Richard Meier (born October 12 1934 in Newark New Jersey) A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper There are ten buildings, with one more (OpernTurm, 168 m) currently under construction. Only Bonn has also one building (Post Tower, 163 m) over 150 m. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Most of the skyscrapers in Frankfurt are located in the western part of the city centre known as Bankenviertel. The Bankenviertel ( banking district or financial district) is an area in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. The tallest skyscrapers in Frankfurt are:

• Commerzbank Tower, 259 m — Europe's tallest building (1997–2003), Headquarters of Commerzbank. Commerzbank Tower is a Skyscraper located in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. Commerzbank AG ( is the second-largest Bank in Germany (after Deutsche Bank) headquartered in Frankfurt am Main.
• MesseTurm, 257 m — Europe's tallest building (1990–1997). Messeturm is a well-known Skyscraper in Frankfurt, Germany. Its name translates as "Fair Tower" ("fair" in the sense of "trade
• Westendstraße 1, 208 m — Headquarters of DZ Bank. Westendstraße 1 is a 682ft (208m Skyscraper in Frankfurt, Germany. An Acronym for Deutsche Zentralgenossenschaftbank or German Central Co-operative Bank DZ Bank AG is a commercial bank and together with WGZ-Bank the central
• Maintower, 200 m — Headquarters of Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen with an observation deck open to the public. Maintower is a 200 Metre (656 foot) skyscraper in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Helaba short for Hessische Landesbank (also Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen) Helaba is the Landesbank for the German federal states of
• Trianon, 186 m — Headquarters of DekaBank. Trianon is a Skyscraper in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It was completed in 1993 and topped out at 45 storeys
• Silver Tower, 166 m — Germany's tallest building (1978–1990), Headquarters of Dresdner Bank. Silver Tower is a 166 metre (32 floor high-rise in Frankfurt, Germany built by Bilfinger Berger between 1975 and 1978. Dresdner Bank AG is one of Germany 's largest banking corporations and is based in Frankfurt.
• Plaza Büro Center, 159 m — Germany's tallest building (1976–1978). The Plaza Büro Center is a 523ft (159m tall 47 story Skyscraper in Frankfurt, Germany.
• Deutsche Bank I, 155 m — Headquarters of Deutsche Bank. The Deutsche Bank Twin Towers (German "Deutsche Bank Zwillingstürme" or "Deutsche Bank-Hochhaus") is the headquarters of Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank AG (literally "German Bank" ˈdɔɪtʃə,) is an international Universal bank with a broad private clients franchise headquartered in
• Deutsche Bank II, 155 m — Headquarters of Deutsche Bank. The Deutsche Bank Twin Towers (German "Deutsche Bank Zwillingstürme" or "Deutsche Bank-Hochhaus") is the headquarters of Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank AG (literally "German Bank" ˈdɔɪtʃə,) is an international Universal bank with a broad private clients franchise headquartered in
• Skyper, 154 m. Skyper is a 154 m (505 ft) tall Skyscraper in Frankfurt, Germany.

Other tall structures

• Europaturm - The Europe Tower is a telecommunication tower known as the Frankfurt TV Tower. The Europaturm ("Tower of Europe" is a 3375 meter (1107 It is the tallest tower in the city with a height of 337. 5 meters. It was open to the public until 1999, with an entertainment establishment in the revolving top. It is normally referred to by the locals as "Ginnheimer Spargel" (The Ginnheimer Asparagus) which is not correct because it is not located in the Ginnheim district but stands a few meters within the Bockenheim district. Ginnheim is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Bockenheim is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany.

• Henninger Turm - The Henninger Tower is a 120-meter high grain silo built from 1959-1961 and owned by Henninger Brewery. The Henninger-Turm ("Henninger tower" is a grain Storage silo located in the Frankfurt district of Sachsenhausen. A silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in Agriculture to store grain (see Grain elevators or fermented feed It has two rotating restaurants at the height of 101 and 106 meters and an open-air observation deck at the height of 110 metres. The tower has been closed to the public since October 2002. Plans to destroy the tower and replace it were abandoned. Today there are new plans to convert it into a residential tower.

• Goetheturm - The Goethe Tower is a 43-meter high tower built entirely out of wood on the northern edge of the Frankfurt City Forest in Sachsenhausen. The Goethe Tower (Goetheturm is a 43-metre high tower built entirely out of wood on the northern edge of the woods of Sachsenhausen near Frankfurt am Main. The Frankfurt City Forest or Frankfurter Stadtwald is a forest district in the south of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Sachsenhausen is a part of the city of Frankfurt, Germany. Composed of the two districts Sachsenhausen-Nord and Sachsenhausen-Süd. It is the fifth tallest wooden construction in Germany. It was built in 1931 and is still a popular place for day-trippers, especially families, as a large playground and a café have been built at the foot of the tower.

Culture

Festivals

A major festival in the city is the Museumsuferfest (Museums Riverbank Festival). It is one of the biggest cultural festivals in Germany which attracts more than 3 million visitors over a period of 3 days. It takes place yearly at the end of August on both sides of the Main Riverbank in the city centre. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries More than 20 museums are located there and they are open far into the night. Furthermore there are special attractions like live-bands, dance shows, several booths for crafts, jewelry, clothes and food from all around the world. It ends with a spectacular firework display .

Frankfurt's oldest folk festival is the Dippemess (Festival of Stoneware) which takes place twice a year around Easter and the end of September in the eastern part of the city. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Mentioned for the first time in the 14th century as an annual marketplace it is now more of an amusement park. ("Dippe" is a regional hessian dialect word meaning "pot" or "jar" and which would not be understood in most other German regions. The name of the festival derives from its original purpose, when it was a fair where traditionally crafted jars, pots and other stoneware were offered)

The Frankfurt Wäldchestag (Woods Day) is jocularly known as a national holiday because until the 1990s it was common that Frankfurts shops were closed on this day. Despite the name the festival takes place over a period of four days after Pentecost with the actual Wäldchestag being Tuesday. Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, pentekostē, "the fiftieth day" is one of the prominent feasts in the Christian Liturgical year, celebrated the What is special about this festival is its location in Frankfurts city forest, south of the city centre in Niederrad. The Frankfurt City Forest or Frankfurter Stadtwald is a forest district in the south of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Niederrad is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

The Wolkenkratzer Festival (Skyscraper Festival) is unique in Germany. It takes place irregularly, the last time in May 2007. For two days most of the skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt are open to the public, which is normally not the case, apart from the Maintower observation deck. Maintower is a 200 Metre (656 foot) skyscraper in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Around 1,2 million visitors took the opportunity to see the city from above. Sky-divers, base jumpers, fireworks and laser shows were extra attractions. The next festival will not be held before 2010.

The Sound of Frankfurt is a music festival held in the city centre. It took place regularly from 1994 to 2004 and is planned again for the summer of 2008. Various artists and bands performed open air and for free on eight stages located mainly around the Zeil. Different types of music (rock, Latino, house, alternative and pop) attracted about 500,000 visitors each year.

Museums

Most of the museums in Frankfurt are located on both sides of the River Main in Sachsenhausen (south side) and in the old part of the city centre (north side). The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries Sachsenhausen is a part of the city of Frankfurt, Germany. Composed of the two districts Sachsenhausen-Nord and Sachsenhausen-Süd. Altstadt or old city is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, located on the northern Main bank The area is therefore known as Museumsufer (Museums Riverbank). Museumsufer-teil2-ffm002jpg|thumb|2nd (middle-part left and right from Schweizer Strasse]] The embankment to the south of the Main River in Frankfurt, Germany

There are 13 museums on the south side between Eiserner Steg and Friedensbrücke, including:

• Ikonenmuseum
• Museum für Angewandte Kunst
• Museum der Weltkulturen
• Deutsches Filmmuseum
• Deutsche Architekturmuseum
• Museum für Kommunikation
• Städel, one of the most famous museums in Germany
• Liebieghaus
• Museum Giersch

The street itself, Schaumainkai, is partially closed to traffic on Saturdays for Frankfurt's largest flea market. The Museum of Applied Arts or just MAK, a short version of its German name Museum für angewandte Kunst is located in Frankfurt, Germany and The Städel, officially the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, is an art museum in Frankfurt am Main, with one of the most important collections in Schaumainkai is a street in central Frankfurt, Germany, running along the south side of the River Main. A flea market or swap meet is a type of Bazaar where inexpensive or secondhand goods are sold or bartered

There are 2 museums on the north side:

• Jewish Museum Frankfurt
• Historisches Museum

Not directly located on the Riverbank are:

• Museum of Modern Art
• Schirn Kunsthalle (Schirn Art Gallery)

Another important museum is located in the Westend area:

• Senckenberg Natural History Museum, the largest natural history museum in Germany

Culinary specialties

• Frankfurter Sausage
• Frankfurter Rindswurst
• Apfelwein
• Grüne Soße
• Bethmännchen
• Frankfurter Kranz
• Handkäs mit Musik
• Rippchen mit Kraut

Dance music

The roots of the modern Techno music style, of electronica can be traced back to Germany, and in particular, Frankfurt. The Schirn Kunsthalle is Frankfurt 's foremost exhibition space located in the heart of the old city next to the Dom (Frankfurt Cathedral Westend area of Frankfurt contains the two districts of Westend-Nord and Westend-Süd. The Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt is the largest museum of natural history in Germany. Bethmännchen ( German for "a little Bethmann" is a Pastry made from Marzipan with Almond, Powdered sugar, A hot dog is a type of fully-cooked cured and/or smoked moist Sausage of soft even texture and flavor The "Frankfurter Rindswurst" a Sausage made of pure beef meat was introduced to the people of Frankfurt in 1894 by the Frankfurt butcher Gref-Voelsing Green sauce is the name of several different sauces containing mainly herbs namely the Italian salsa verde, the French sauce verte, and Bethmännchen ( German for "a little Bethmann" is a Pastry made from Marzipan with Almond, Powdered sugar, The Frankfurter Kranz (or Frankfurt Crown Cake) is a cake speciality from Frankfurt am Main. Handkäse (literally hand cheese) is a German regional Sour milk cheese (often Harzer) and is a culinary speciality of Frankfurt. Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It was here, in the early 1990s, that local DJs like Sven Väth and DJ DAG (of Dance 2 Trance) first played a harder, deeper style of acid house, that became hugely popular worldwide, during the next decade. Sven Väth (born 26 October 1964 near Frankfurt, Germany) is a DJ who has produced a large body of work since his career began Dance 2 Trance (comprised of Rolf Ellmer Jam El Mar a classically trained Composer; and Dag Lerner a DJ) is believed by many to be one of Acid house is a sub-genre of House music that emphasizes a repetitive hypnotic and trance -like style with samples or spoken lines usually used rather than sung lyrics One of the main venues of the early Trance music sound was the Omen nightclub, in the city. Trance is a style of Electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s Accordingly, some of the early, and most influential Trance acts, e. g. Jam and Spoon, Dance 2 Trance, and Hardfloor, and record labels such as Harthouse and Eye Q were based in the city, in the early 1990s. Jam & Spoon was an influential electronic dance duo from Frankfurt, Germany that consisted of composers and producers Rolf Ellmer Dance 2 Trance (comprised of Rolf Ellmer Jam El Mar a classically trained Composer; and Dag Lerner a DJ) is believed by many to be one of Hardfloor is a German techno duo consisting of Oliver Bondzio and Ramon Zenker Harthouse is a German Record label specializing in Techno music; during the early 1990s it was one of the biggest labels in the "techno-trance"

Transport

Airports

The city is accessed from around the world via the Frankfurt International Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) which is located 12 km (7 mi) from the city centre. Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe The airport has three runways and serves 265 non-stop destinations. A runway ( RWY) is a strip of land on an Airport, on which Aircraft can take off and land. It ranks among the world's top ten airports and is the biggest cargo airport in Europe. Cargo (or freight) refers to goods or produce transported generally for Commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train, Depending on whether total passengers or flights are used, it ranks as the second or third busiest in Europe alongside London Heathrow Airport and Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport. Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is Passenger traffic at Frankfurt Airport in 2007 was 54. 2 million. The airport can be reached by car or bus and has two train stations, one for regional and one for long-distance traffic. The S-Bahn lines S8 and S9 (direction "Frankfurt (Main) Hbf", "Offenbach Ost or "Hanau"), departing at the regional traffic station take 10-15 minutes from the airport to the Central Station and the city centre, the IC and ICE trains departing at the long-distance traffic station take as well 10-15 minutes. This article has been partially translated from the German Wikipedia article Offenbach am Main is a city in Hesse, Germany located on southside of the river Main. Hanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main. is the Hauptbahnhof for Frankfurt am Main and along with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof, is one of the largest Terminal stations in Europe Ice is a Solid phase, usually crystalline, of a Non-metalic substance that is liquid or gas at Room temperature, such as Ammonia

Despite the name, Frankfurt Hahn Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn) is not located anywhere near Frankfurt but is instead situated approximately 120 km (75 mi) from the city in Lautzenhausen (Rhineland-Palatinate). For the NATO Military use of this facility see Hahn Air Base Frankfurt-Hahn Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn is a commercial Airport Lautzenhausen is a municipality in the district of Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany, directly adjacent to Frankfurt-Hahn Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. This airport can only be reached by car or bus. An hourly bus service runs from Frankfurt Central Station, taking about 1 hour and 45 minutes. is the Hauptbahnhof for Frankfurt am Main and along with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof, is one of the largest Terminal stations in Europe Last year over 4 Million Passengers used this airport in order to use Low Cost Airlines like Ryanair.

Roads

The streets of central Frankfurt are usually congested with cars during the rush hour. Some areas, especially around the shopping streets Zeil, are pedestrian-only streets. The Zeil is a street in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot whether Walking or Running. There are numerous car parks located throughout the city.

Frankfurt is a traffic hub of the German Autobahn system. (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor The Frankfurter Kreuz is an Autobahn interchange close by the airport where the Autobahnen A 3 (Cologne-Würzburg) and A 5 (Basel-Hannover) meet. The Frankfurter Kreuz is an Autobahn interchange in the city of Frankfurt in Hesse, Germany where the autobahns A3 and A5 is an Autobahn in Germany that links the border to the Netherlands near Wesel in the northwest to the Austrian border near Passau Würzburg (ˈvʏɐ̯ʦbʊɐ̯k is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany is a 445 km (277 mi long Autobahn in Germany. Its northern end is the Hattenbach triangle intersection (with the A 7. "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen With approximately 320,000 cars daily it is the most heavily used interchange in Europe. The A 66 connects Frankfurt with Wiesbaden in the west and Fulda in the east. Exit list |-|colspan="3"|---- merges to |-|colspan="3"|---- / Erlensee |} Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse. Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis The A 661 starts in the south (Darmstadt), runs through the eastern part of Frankfurt and ends in the north (Bad Homburg). Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland Also see Homburg. Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (official Bad Homburg v The A 648 is a very short Autobahn in the western part of Frankfurt. Exit list |-| colspan="3"|----|-||| End of Autobahn |-|colspan="3"|----|}

Railway stations

Frankfurt Central Station (Frankfurt am Main Hauptbahnhof or short Ffm Hbf) is the largest train station in Germany by number of platforms. is the Hauptbahnhof for Frankfurt am Main and along with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof, is one of the largest Terminal stations in Europe Regarding daily passenger volume it ranks second together with Munich Central Central (350,000 each) after Hamburg Central Station (450,000). München Hauptbahnhof (translated from German as Munich Central Station short form München Hbf) is the Hauptbahnhof (main Railway is the Hauptbahnhof for the German city of Hamburg. It was opened on 6 December 1906. It is located between the Gallus and the Bahnhofsviertel, not far away from the Trade Fair and the financial district (Bankenviertel). Gallus, former Gallusviertel, is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The Bahnhofsviertel is a district or Stadtteil of Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt Trade Fair ( German Messe Frankfurt) is the most important congress exhibition corporations with extensive trade fair grounds in Frankfurt The Bankenviertel ( banking district or financial district) is an area in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. It serves as a major hub for long-distance trains (ICE) and regional trains (all Rhine-Main S-Bahn lines, two U-Bahn lines, several tram and bus lines). The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries Lines Since the end of 2003 the system comprises the following lines History The Early Years Plans for a rail connection between the central rail The Frankfurt U-Bahn, together with the Frankfurt S-Bahn and the Frankfurt Straßenbahn is the backbone of the Public transport system of Frankfurt, Germany A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Local trains are integrated in the Public transport system Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV), the second largest integrated public transport systems in the world. The Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (abbreviated RMV) is an organised Transport network in the German state of Hesse, centred around the city of Frankfurt Only the Berlin integrated public transport system (VBB) is larger. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

Frankfurt Airport Long Distance Station connects Frankfurt International Airport to the main rail network, most of the ICE services using the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line. Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries Operational use The line starts in Cologne at the Abzweig Köln-Steinstraße in the Cologne borough of Porz. It is one of two railway stations at the airport, the other is for local S-Bahn trains (lines S8 and S9), called Frankfurt Airport Regional Station. Lines Since the end of 2003 the system comprises the following lines History The Early Years Plans for a rail connection between the central rail Frankfurt (Main Flughafen Regionalbahnhof (translates from German as Frankfurt Airport regional railway station) is an underground Railway station in

The two major stations in the city centre are Hauptwache and Konstablerwache, both located on Frankfurts most famous shopping street, the Zeil. The Hauptwache is a central point of Frankfurt am Main and is one of the most famous plazas in the city The Zeil is a street in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany.

Public transport

Main article: Public transport in Frankfurt am Main

The city has two underground railway systems: the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn, as well as an above-ground tram system known as Straßenbahn. The public Transit system in Frankfurt consists of several carriers who all utilise the same fare system The Frankfurt U-Bahn, together with the Frankfurt S-Bahn and the Frankfurt Straßenbahn is the backbone of the Public transport system of Frankfurt, Germany Lines Since the end of 2003 the system comprises the following lines History The Early Years Plans for a rail connection between the central rail A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Information about the U and S Bahn can be found on the RMV website.

Nine S-Bahn lines connect Frankfurt with the Rhine Main Region. All lines have a 30 minute service during the day but the majority of the routes are served by two lines thereby offering a 15 minute schedule. All lines, except line S7, run through the Frankfurt city tunnel and serve the stations Ostendstraße, Konstablerwache, Hauptwache, Taunusanlage and Frankfurt Central Station. The Hauptwache is a central point of Frankfurt am Main and is one of the most famous plazas in the city When leaving the city the S-Bahn travels above ground. It provides access to the Frankfurt Trade Fair (S3-S6), the airport (S8, S9), the stadium (S7-S9) and nearby cities such as Wiesbaden, Mainz, Darmstadt, Rüsselsheim, Hanau, Offenbach am Main, Bad Homburg, Kronberg and smaller towns that are on the way. Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse. Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland Rüsselsheim is the largest town in the Groß-Gerau district in the Rhein-Main region of Germany. Hanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main. Offenbach am Main is a city in Hesse, Germany located on southside of the river Main. Also see Homburg. Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (official Bad Homburg v Kronberg im Taunus is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district Hesse, Germany.

The U-Bahn has seven lines serving the city centre and some larger suburbs. The trains that run on the line are in fact lightrails as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground further from the city centre. A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. There is only one line (U4) that is completely underground. The minimum service interval is 2. 5 minutes, although the usual pattern is that each line runs with a 7. 5-10 minute frequency which combines to approx 3-5 minutes on the city centre sections served by more than one line.

Frankfurt has 9 Straßenbahn (tram) lines, with trams arriving usually every 10 minutes. Many sections are served by two lines, combining to give a 5 minute frequency during rush-hour. The tram runs only above ground and serve more stops than the U-Bahn or the S-Bahn.

A number of bus lines complete the Frankfurt public transportation system. Night buses take over the service of the U-Bahn and Straßenbahn at 1:30 am to 3:30 am on Friday and Saturday nights.

Taxis

Taxis can be found outside most S-Bahn or U-Bahn stations and major intersections. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride The normal way to obtain a taxi is to either call a taxi operator or go to a taxi rank. However, although not the norm, one can hail one on the street.

Bicycles

Deutsche Bahn also rent out bicycles to the public. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind One finds them at many major road intersections and railway stations. All one has to do is make a phone call to hire them for €0. 06/min or they can be hired per day for €15,-. The bicycles are a bit heavy but they do have shock absorbers to ensure a smooth journey. A shock absorber in common parlance (or damper in technical use is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or dampen shock impulse and dissipate The silver-red colour of the bikes with their unique frame make them easily visible and difficult to steal. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength

The public can now use a velotaxi which involves the operator using a tricycle with a sheltered passenger cab. The cycle rickshaw, being a small-scale local means of transport is also known by a variety of other names such as rickshaw, pedicab, bugbug, cyclo A tricycle (often abbreviated to trike) is a three-wheeled vehicle There is room for two people and the service covers all of the city centre.

Frankfurt has also a network of modern cycle routes throughout city. Many of the long distance bike routes into town have dedicated cycle tracks. A number of city centre roads are "bicycle streets" where the cyclist has the right of way and where motorised vehicles are allowed access if they do not disrupt the cycle users.

Every first Sunday in the month there is a Critical Mass cycle event which starts at 2 pm at the Old Opera. A critical mass is the smallest amount of Fissile material needed for a sustained Nuclear chain reaction.

Economy and business

Frankfurt is one of the leading financial centres in Europe. According to an annual study (2007) by Cushman & Wakefield it is one of the top three cities for international companies in Europe, along with London and Paris. Cushman & Wakefield is a privately held commercial real estate services firm London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city According to a ranking list (2001) produced by the University of Liverpool, Frankfurt is the richest city in Europe by GDP per capita. The University of Liverpool is a University in the city of Liverpool, England. After Frankfurt are Karlsruhe, Paris and Munich ^[3]. Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The Mercer Human Resource Consulting Worldwide Quality of Living Survey 2007 ranked Frankfurt at the seventh position of the cities with the highest quality of life worldwide. Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people The only German city that did better was Düsseldorf at number six ^[4]. Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Banks

Frankfurt is commonly known as "the city of the banks". In Investing, Financial markets are commonly believed to have market trends that can be classified as primary trends secondary trends (short-term and secular trends Messeturm is a well-known Skyscraper in Frankfurt, Germany. Its name translates as "Fair Tower" ("fair" in the sense of "trade In 2006, six of the ten major German banks had their headquarters in the city, including the top four (Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, Dresdner Bank and DZ Bank) ^[5]. Deutsche Bank AG (literally "German Bank" ˈdɔɪtʃə,) is an international Universal bank with a broad private clients franchise headquartered in Commerzbank AG ( is the second-largest Bank in Germany (after Deutsche Bank) headquartered in Frankfurt am Main. Dresdner Bank AG is one of Germany 's largest banking corporations and is based in Frankfurt. An Acronym for Deutsche Zentralgenossenschaftbank or German Central Co-operative Bank DZ Bank AG is a commercial bank and together with WGZ-Bank the central Other important banks are ING Diba, KfW, BHF Bank, Bankhaus Metzler, Delbrück Bethmann Maffei, DekaBank, Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen and Frankfurter Sparkasse. ING Groep NV () (known as ING Group) is a Financial institution of Dutch origin offering Banking Insurance and KfW is a German government-owned development bank based in Frankfurt. The B Metzler seel Sohn & Co KGaA is a private banking company in Frankfurt, Germany. Helaba short for Hessische Landesbank (also Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen) Helaba is the Landesbank for the German federal states of More than 300 national and international banks are represented here ^[6].

The European Central Bank (Europäische Zentralbank) is one of the world's most important central banks, responsible for monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Eurozone. The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Euro Enlargement of the Since its foundation in 1998 the headquarters are located in downtown Frankfurt although plans have now been made for a move to a landscaped area on the site of the former wholesale market hall (Großmarkthalle) in the eastern part of the city. The Großmarkthalle ( Wholesale Market Hall) located in the Ostend of Frankfurt am Main, was the city's main wholesale market especially for fruit and

The German Federal Bank (Deutsche Bundesbank) is an integral part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). The Deutsche Bundesbank ( German for German Federal Bank) is the Central bank of the Federal Republic of Germany and as such part of the It was established in 1957.

Stock exchange

Main article: Frankfurt Stock Exchange

With the stock exchange (Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) and XETRA, which belong to Deutsche Börse, Frankfurt has the second largest stock exchange in Europe after the London Stock Exchange. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a Corporation or Mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for Stock Xetra ("E' x' change E lectronic Tra ding" is a worldwide electronic securities trading system based in Frankfurt Deutsche Börse AG ( (ˈdɔɪtʃə ˈbɶʁzə is a marketplace organizer for the trading of Shares and other securities. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. It is by far the largest stock exchange in Germany with over 90 percent turnover in the German market. In terms of market capitalization, Deutsche Börse is the largest stock exchange in the world.

Trade fairs

Main article: Frankfurt Trade Fair

Fairs have a very long tradition in Frankfurt. Frankfurt Trade Fair ( German Messe Frankfurt) is the most important congress exhibition corporations with extensive trade fair grounds in Frankfurt They were first mentioned in the 12th century. Today Frankfurt has the third-largest exhibition site in the world. The Messe Frankfurt corporation arranged 120 fairs in 40 countries in 2006. Hosted in Frankfurt are the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (the world's largest motor show), the Frankfurter Buchmesse (the world's largest book fair), the Ambiente (the world's largest consumer goods fair), the Achema (the world's largest plant engineering fair) and many more like Paperworld, Christmasworld, Beautyworld, Tendence Lifestyle or Light and Building. The International Motor Show or Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA is the world's largest Motor show. Frankfurt Book Fair (Frankfurter Buchmesse is the world's largest Trade fair for Books, based on the number of publishing companies represented

Advertising agencies

Although it is best known for its banks, Frankfurt is also a centre for media companies. There are around 570 companies of the advertising industry and 270 public relations companies. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Public relations (PR is the practice of managing the flow of Information between an Organization and its Publics Public relations - often referred According to a ranking of FOCUS magazine from November 2007 there are seven of the 48 largest advertising agencies in Germany based in Frankfurt, including Saatchi & Saatchi, JWT, and Publicis. For other magazines called "Focus" see Focus (magazine. An advertising agency or ad agency is a service Business dedicated to creating planning and handling Advertising (and sometimes other forms of promotion Saatchi & Saatchi is a global Advertising agency founded by brothers Maurice (now Lord Saatchi and art collector JWT is the current name of the United States largest and world's fourth largest Advertising agency. Publicis Groupe () is a French multinational Advertising and communications company Topping the list is Berlin with nine, followed by Hamburg with eight. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany After Frankfurt comes Munich with six. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Wiesbaden is also on the list with two ^[7]. Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse.

Accountancy and professional services

The Big Four, the four largest international accountancy and professional services firms, are all represented in Frankfurt. The Big 4, sometimes written as the Big Four, are the four largest international Accountancy and Professional services firms which handle the vast majority

They are Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Ernst & Young, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (also branded as Deloitte) is one of the largest Professional services firms in the world and one of the Big Four auditors, along Ernst & Young is one of the largest Professional services firms in the world and one of the Big Four auditors, along with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC, KPMG is one of the largest Professional services firms in the world PricewaterhouseCoopers (or PwC is one of the world's largest Professional services firms

PwC has also its German headquarters in the city.

In October 2007, KPMG's member firms in the UK, Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein merged to form KPMG Europe LLP, which is now the largest accountancy and professional services firm in Europe. The European headquarters will be situated in Frankfurt.

Management consulting

Some of the largest international management consulting firms are represented in Frankfurt, including McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group, Oliver Wyman, Bain & Company and Roland Berger Strategy Consultants. McKinsey & Company is a global Management consulting firm that focuses on solving issues of concern to senior management “BCG” redirects here For other uses see BCG (disambiguation. Oliver Wyman is a global strategy consulting firm It was created in May 2007 when Mercer Oliver Wyman joined with Mercer Management Consulting and Mercer Delta to become one firm Bain & Company is a Management consulting firm headquartered in Boston Massachusetts. Roland Berger Strategy Consultants is a global strategy Consultancy firm based in Europe and founded in 1967 in Munich by Roland Berger.

Electronic communication

Frankfurt is also an important location for the internet. It is home to Germany's largest internet exchange point, DE-CIX, and is where domain names are registered for the top-level-domain ".de". An Internet exchange point ( IX or IXP) is a physical infrastructure that allows different Internet service providers (ISPs to exchange Internet Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange (German commercial internet exchange ( DE-CIX) is an Internet Exchange Point situated in Frankfurt ( Germany

Lawyers

Frankfurt has the highest concentration of lawyers in Germany, with one lawyer per 99 inhabitants.

Working in Frankfurt

With over 922 jobs per 1,000 inhabitants, Frankfurt has the highest concentration of jobs in Germany. The high number of around 600,000 jobs with only 663,000 inhabitants of the city itself is explained by the high number of commuters who work in the city, which raises the per capita GDP of the resident population significantly. On work days and Saturdays there are around one million people within the city limits. On other days, the statistics regarding Frankfurt's wealth are reduced, in favor of the communities and towns of the so-called "Speckgürtel" (literally bacon belt, meaning the suburban area), such as Bad Homburg, Königstein im Taunus, Kronberg im Taunus and Bad Soden am Taunus, many of whose inhabitants work in Frankfurt. Also see Homburg. Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (official Bad Homburg v Königstein im Taunus is a climatic spa and lies on the thickly wooded slopes of the Taunus. Kronberg im Taunus is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district Hesse, Germany. Bad Soden (also Bad Soden am Taunus) is a town and spa in the Main-Taunus-Kreis, Hesse, Germany.

Despite that, Frankfurt also had, as of 2003, the highest levels of crime per 100,000 inhabitants in Germany. However, this statistic is a result of the commuter population, for it is calculated based on the 650,000-inhabitant figure, and also includes crimes committed at the airport, such as smuggling. Frankfurt is actually therefore a very safe city, corroborated by surveys among the inhabitants.

Frankfurt International Airport is the single largest place of work in Germany. Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe

Other businesses

Frankfurt is home to chemical industries, software businesses and call centers. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. A call centre or call center (see spelling differences) is a centralized office used for the purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by Business development and other important departments of the Deutsche Bahn are located at the DB-Headquarters in Gallus. Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company Because of Hoechst AG, Frankfurt is considered the "Apothecary of the World". Hoechst AG was a German chemicals then life-sciences company that became Aventis after its merger with Rhône-Poulenc S Höchst's industrial park in Frankfurt is one of the three largest locations for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in Europe. Frankfurt is also home to several large German industrial associations, such as the Chemical Industry Association; the Association for German Machine- and Equipment-building; the Electrotechnical, Electronic, and Information Technology Association e. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support V. with its affiliated electrotechnical standards commission; and the Association of German Automobile Producers, which is currently moving to Franfurt. The Union of German Automobile Producers meets in Frankfurt every two years to coincide with the International Automobile Exhibition, mentioned above. Furthermore, the Trade Association of German Booksellers has its headquarters in Frankfurt, and organizes the Frankfurt Book Fair. In terms of labor unions, Frankfurt is home to the headquarters of IG Metall and IG Bau, two of Germany's largest labor unions. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> IG Metall ( German: Industriegewerkschaft Metall, "Industrial

Businesses with regional headquarters or based in and near Frankfurt include:

German Football Association Fiat

Maserati Ferrari Alfa-Romeo

Lancia Hyundai (in Offenbach)

KIA Jaguar (in Kronberg)

Opel (in Rüsselsheim) Ferrero

Property and real estate

Frankfurt has the highest concentration of home owners in Germany. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati is an Italian manufacturer of racing cars and Sports cars established on December 1, 1914, in Bologna. Ferrari SpA is an Italian Sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy Alfa Romeo Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automaker founded in 1910 Lancia Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat Group in Hyundai refers to a group of companies and related organizations founded by Chung Ju-yung in South Korea. Offenbach am Main is a city in Hesse, Germany located on southside of the river Main. Kia Motors, a subsidiary of Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, is South Korea 's 2nd largest automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Seoul, Jaguar Cars Limited is a luxury car manufacturer based in Coventry, England, now operated as part of the Jaguar Land Rover business Kronberg im Taunus is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district Hesse, Germany. Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Rüsselsheim is the largest town in the Groß-Gerau district in the Rhein-Main region of Germany. Ferrero SpA is an Italian manufacturer of Chocolate and other confectionery products founded by Confectioner Pietro Ferrero in 1946 This is partly attributed to number of financial workers in the city but also because of its cosmopolitan nature with a quarter of the city's population being foreigners. For this reason Frankfurt's property market often operates differently than the rest of the country where the prices are generally much flatter than Frankfurt. German property prices are pulled down nationally because of the former East Germany, however, economically sound cities like Frankfurt and other cities in the west of Germany, have a buoyant housing market, which attracts a lot of buyers from the Far East.

Establishments and organization

Frankfurt is home of the German National Library, the Hessian State Supreme Court, and the Hessian State Employment Court, and has its own police academy. The German National Library ( Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, abbreviated DNB) was established in 1990 during the German reunification by merging the Deutsche The fire department, founded in 1874, and the volunteer fire department have eight fire stations. Until their dissolution at the end of 2003, Frankfurt was the location of the Federal Disciplinary Court.

The German office of the International Finance Corporation, part of the World Bank group, and the Committee of European Insurances and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (Ceiops), the European insurance control, have their headquarters in Frankfurt. The International Finance Corporation (IFC promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve people's lives The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e

Frankfurt hosts 88 consulates. Only New York and Hamburg have more foreign representation, excluding capital cities. The City of New York Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Russia and China have recently opened general consulates in Frankfurt. The Consulate General of the United States in Frankfurt in Eckenheim is the largest American consulate in the world.

Media

Two important daily newspapers are published in Frankfurt. FAZ Building 2jpg|thumb|300px|right| Editorial department building of Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ]]The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (English The conservative Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung was founded in 1949 and is the German newspaper with the widest circulation abroad, with its editors claiming to deliver the newspaper to 148 countries every day. FAZ Building 2jpg|thumb|300px|right| Editorial department building of Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ]]The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (English The FAZ has a circulation of over 380,000 copies daily. The other important newspaper, the Frankfurter Rundschau, was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000 copies. The Frankfurter Rundschau is a German daily Newspaper, based in Frankfurt am Main.

Frankfurt is also home to the German headquarters of Reuters, one of the world's most important news agencies. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson

Several magazines also originate from Frankfurt. The Journal Frankfurt is the best-known magazine for events, parties, and "insider tips". An "ecological magazine", Öko-Test, publishes materials for the Green Party of Germany in Bockenheim. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Bockenheim is known for the quiz magazine of the same name, and is home to the editorial office of the satire magazine, Titanic. Titanic is a German satirical Magazine which is published monthly

Frankfurt's first radio station was the Südwestdeutsche Rundfunkdienst AG (Southwest German Radio Service), founded in 1924. Its successor service is the public broadcaster Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessian Broadcast). Karte Mitgliedsrundfunkstationen des ARDsvg|right|thumb|Map of the nine regional broadcasting members of Germany's ARD radio/TV network Its "Funkhaus am Dornbusch" station is one of the most important radio and television broadcasters. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic There is also the ARD-Stern that broadcasts from individual senders via a high-service network. Bloomberg TV and RTL have regional studios on the Neuen Mainzer Straße, downtown. Bloomberg Television is a network that airs Business and Financial news 24 hours a day and is distributed globally on ten separate channels RTL Group ( is Europe's largest TV radio and production company and is majority-owned by German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Other broadcasters in Frankfurt include Main FM and Radio X. The soundtrack of the computer and video game Grand Theft Auto San Andreas, which is set in 1992 in the fictional U The largest private radio station in the region FFH, is located nearby in Bad Vilbel. Bad Vilbel is a Spa town with many Mineral waters Bad Vilbel is the Town with the most inhabitants in the Wetteraukreis district in Hesse,

Since August 1945, the American Forces Network had broadcasted from Frankfurt. American Forces Network (or AFN) is the brand name used by the United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS for its entertainment Due to troop reductions, the AFN's Frankfurt location has been abandoned. Since October 2004, the AFN has broadcast its European programs from Mannheim. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart

Education and research

In Frankfurt am Main, there are two universities and several specialist schools. The oldest and most well-known university in the city is the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, with locations in Bockenheim, Westend, and Riedberg, and the university hospital in Niederrad. The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (also known as Frankfurt University) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens' University which means that while it was Alongside the university is the banking academy HfB - Business School of Finance & Management, formerly known as the Hochschule für Bankwirtschaft (Institution of Higher Learning for Banking Economics), with its campus in the Ostend (Eastend) neighborhood. Since 2001, it has been a specialist institution for the teaching Economics and Management, or FOM.

Frankfurt has the State Institution of Higher Learning for Artistic Education known as the Städelschule, founded in 1817 by Johann Friedrich Städel, that was taken over by the city in 1942 and turned into a state art school. Städelschule, Staatliche Hochschule für Bildende Künste is a contemporary fine arts academy in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Another art school is the State Institution for Music and Performance Art, initially a private school known as Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium founded in 1878. Chronology 1857 14 July Dr Joseph Hoch (1815-74 makes the Hoch Conservatory foundation the main heir of his fortune The Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main (Professional School of Frankfurt) was created out of several older organizations in 1971, and offers courses in engineering and economics. Until September 2003, Frankfurt was also home to a school for library science and administration.

The Philosophical-Theological Institution of Saint George (Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen, a private institution with membership in the German Jesuit Association, has been located in Sachsenhausen since 1950. The Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology (German Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen) is an academic seminary in Frankfurt am Main Sachsenhausen is a part of the city of Frankfurt, Germany. Composed of the two districts Sachsenhausen-Nord and Sachsenhausen-Süd.

The city is also home of three Max Planck Society institutes: the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History (MPIeR), Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, and the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research. The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e The Max Planck Institute for Biophysics is located in Frankfurt, Germany. The Max Planck Institute for Brain Research is located in Frankfurt, Germany.

The Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, sponsored by several institutional and private sources, is involved in theoretical research in physics, chemistry, neurology, and computer science. The Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS is a private-public institution for basic theoretical research in various areas of sciencefocusing on interdisiplinary research located

Frankfurt is host to the Römisch-Germanische-Kommission (RGK), the German Archaeological Institute branch for prehistoric archaeology in Germany and Europe. The German Archaeological Institute (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut DAI) is one of the world's leading archaeological research institutions and a "scientific Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" The RGK is involved in a variety of research projects. Its library, with over 130,000 volumes, is one of the largest specialised archaeological libraries in the world.

Sport

Frankfurt hosts the following sports teams or clubs:

Eintracht Frankfurt, football (soccer) SV 07 Heddernheim, football (soccer) FSV Frankfurt, football (soccer)

1. FFC Frankfurt, football (soccer) Frankfurter FC Germania 1894, football (soccer)

Frankfurt Lions, ice hockey Deutsche Bank Skyliners — Basketball

Frankfurt used to host these former teams or clubs:

1. Bockenheimer FC 1899, football (soccer)

Frankfurt Galaxy, American Football

Frankfurt is host to the classic cycle race Rund um den Henninger-Turm. Eintracht Frankfurt is a German Sports club, based in Frankfurt, Hesse that is best known for its football team. FSV Frankfurt is a German football club based in the Bornheim district of Frankfurt, Hesse and founded in 1899 Frankfurter FC Germania is a German football club from the city of Frankfurt, Hesse. History The club was founded as a section of the famous sports club Eintracht Frankfurt in 1959. The Frankfurt Galaxy was an American football team based in Frankfurt, Germany, playing in NFL Europa. The classic cycle races are the most prestigious one-day professional cycling road races in the international calendar. The Rund um den Henninger-Turm (sometimes called the Frankfurt Grand Prix in English is a semi classic cycling race which is based around the German city of

Sister cities

Frankfurt has several Sister cities

• Toronto, Canada
• Birmingham, United Kingdom, since 1966
• Budapest, Hungary, since 1990
• Kraków, Poland, since 1991
• Granada, Nicaragua, since 1991
• Guangzhou, China, since 1988
• Lyon, France, since 1960
• Milan, Italy, since 1971
• Prague, Czech Republic, since 1990
• Tel Aviv, Israel, since 1980
• Chennai, India, since 2005
• Dubai, United Arab Emirates, since 2002
• Islamabad, Pakistan

Gallery

The financial district at night	Westendtower, also known as "crown tower"	View from the Main riverbank	Commerzbank-Arena in the city forest
Twin towers of Deutsche Bank	Goethehaus	Frankfurt Book Fair	Kaiserstrasse, view from Frankfurt Central Station
The old opera house

See also

• Free City of Frankfurt
• Frankfurt Trade Fair
• Frankfurt Book Fair
• Frankfurt Transit
• Frankfurt School
• List of mayors of Frankfurt

References

• Frankfurt — City Guide, Kraichgau Verlag (ISBN 3-929228-21-1)

External links

• Official website
• Frankfurt travel guide from Wikitravel
• Architecture of Frankfurt
• Frankfurt Zoo (English)
• Satellite view
• Frankfurt Panoramas: [1], [2], [3], [4]
• Frankfurt before and after World War II
• Frankfurt webcam links
• Frankfurt photogallery
• Visual Frankfurt

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