Franconia (German: Franken) is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The name survives in the Bavarian administrative regions of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken), Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken), and Upper Franconia (Oberfranken), but the original region extended further west to Speyer, Mainz, and Worms (west of the Rhine). Lower Franconia (Unterfranken is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria (seven regions Germany (22 regions in five Middle Franconia (German Mittelfranken) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. Upper Franconia (German Oberfranken) is a Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge
Franconia was one of the five original "younger" stem duchies that grew up in the Holy Roman Empire in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Stem duchies (from the German Stammesherzogtum, literally "tribal duchy" were associated with the Frankish Kingdom, especially the East The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The tribal nature of the region consisted in that it contained the Frankish territories east of the Rhine. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group
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Duchy of Franconia
Sometime around 906, Conrad of the Conradine dynasty succeeded in establishing his ducal hegemony over Franconia. Conrad I (Konrad c 890&ndash December 23 918) called the Younger, was duke of Franconia from 906 and King of Germany from The Conradines or Conradiner were a dynasty of Franconian counts and dukes of the 8th to 11th Century named after Conrad the Elder and his son Conrad I At the failure of the direct Carolingian male line in 911, Conrad was acclaimed King of the Germans, largely because of his weak position in his own duchy. This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy Franconia, like Alamannia, was not as united as Saxony or Bavaria and the position of duke was often disputed between the chief families. Alamannia or Alemannia was the territory inhabited by the Alamanni after they broke through the Roman limes in 213 The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria.
Conrad had granted Franconia to his brother Eberhard on his succession; but when Eberhard rebelled against Otto I in 938, he was deposed from his duchy, and, rather than appoint a new duke from his own circle, Otto divided the threatening power of the duchy among the great ecclesiastics with and through whom he ruled, who had remained faithful to his cause: the Bishop of Würzburg and the Abbot of Fulda (939). Eberhard III (c885-939 was a member of the Conradine dynasty who became duke of Franconia following the death of his older brother King Conrad I (or Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke The Bishopric of Würzburg (Würzburg was a Prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Franconia, around the city of Würzburg Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis They were later joined (1008) by a new bishopric erected on former ducal territory: Bamberg.
Thenceforth the great abbeys and episcopal seats that Saint Boniface and his successors had established in southwestern Germany had a monopoly on temporal office in Franconia, on a par with the counts of lands further west. Saint Boniface ( Latin: Bonifacius c 672 – June 5, 754) the Apostle of the Germans, born Winfrid or Wynfrith at They had another virtue in the Ottonian scheme: as celibates they were less likely to establish hereditary lineages. By contrast, Otto's son-in-law, Conrad the Red, whom he had installed as Duke of Lorraine in 944, extended his power base in Franconia. Conrad the Red (Konrad der Rote c 922 &ndash 10 August 955) was a Duke of Lorraine from the Salian dynasty. The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions
Divided Franconia
In the High Middle Ages, Franconia came to be divided into two distinct regions, though these regions were not coherent territories with distinct governments. The High Middle Ages was the period of European history in the 11th 12th and 13th centuries (AD 1000&ndash1299 Rather, they were culturally different regions which came to be dominated by different political and religious forces and thus came under the de facto "rule" of different bodies.
Rhenish Franconia
Rhenish Franconia (Rheinfranken) was the western half of Franconia, immediately east of the Rhine. Rhenish Franconia ( Rheinfranken) was the western half of Franconia immediately east of the Rhine Rhenish Franconia ( Rheinfranken) was the western half of Franconia immediately east of the Rhine It was the heartland of the Salian dynasty, which provided four emperors in the 11th and 12th centuries: Conrad II, Henry III, Henry IV, and Henry V. See also Salian Franks, Salic law The Salian dynasty was a Dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings (1024-1125 Conrad II (c 990&ndash June 4, 1039) was the son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelaide of Alsace who inherited Henry III ( 29 October 1017 &ndash 5 October 1056) called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty Henry IV ( November 11, 1050 &ndash August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until Henry V ( 8 November 1086 &ndash 23 May 1125) was King of Germany (from 1098-1125) and Holy Roman Emperor Rhenish Franconia contained the ancient cities of Mainz, Speyer, and Worms, the latter two being countships within the hands of the descendants of Conrad the Red (the Salians). These counts were sometimes referred to informally, on account of the great power in the region, as dukes of Franconia.
Rhenish Franconia was actually governed, however, as a constellation of small states, like the free cities (Frankfurt and Worms), the bishoprics (Mainz, Speyer, and Worms), and the Landgraviate of Hesse. A city-state is a Region controlled exclusively by a City, usually having Sovereignty. The Landgraviate of Hesse (Landgrafschaft Hessen was a Landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire. Alongside these powerful entities there were many smaller, petty states. In 1093, the Salian Franconian territories were granted as a fief to the Count Palatine of Aachen, a territory that would evolve into the important German principality of the Rhenish Palatinate. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing This article gives details on the history of the Count Palatine in Mediaeval European Palatinate regions and social structure ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, The Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein later the Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire In this way, Rhenish Franconia was divided and extinguished.
Eastern Franconia
In 1115, Henry V awarded the territory of Eastern Franconia (Ostfranken) to his nephew Conrad of Hohenstaufen, who used the title "Duke of Franconia. Conrad III (1093 &ndash 15 February 1152) was the first King of Germany of the Hohenstaufen dynasty " Franconia remained a Hohenstaufen power base until 1168, when the Bishop of Würzburg was formally ceded the ducal rights in Eastern Franconia. The name "Franconia" fell out of usage, but the bishop revived it in his own favour in 1442 and held it until the reforms of Napoleon Bonaparte abolished it. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. It should be noted that the Bishop of Würzburg was the Duke in Franconia (Herzog in Franken) rather than the Duke of Franconia (Herzog von Franken) during this time.
Modern Franconia
In 1803, Napoleon incorporated Eastern Franconia into Bavaria, to which it still belongs today. Culturally it is in many ways different from Bavaria proper, however. The ancient name was resurrected in 1837 by Ludwig I of Bavaria. Ludwig I (also rendered in English as Louis I) ( August 25 1786 in Strasbourg &ndash February 29, 1868 in Nice During the Nazi period, Bavaria was broken up into several different Gaue, including Franconia and Main-Franconia. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German
While Old Bavaria is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic, Franconia is a mixed area. Altbayern (also written Altbaiern, English meaning: Old Bavaria) is a term used to describe the three oldest parts of the Free State of Bavaria Lower Franconia and the western half of Upper Franconia (Bamberg, Lichtenfels, Kronach) is predominantly Catholic, while most of Middle and the eastern half of Upper Franconia (Bayreuth, Hof, Kulmbach) are predominantly Protestant. Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main There are two towns named Lichtenfels in Germany Lichtenfels Hesse Lichtenfels Bavaria There is also a district Kronach is a town in Oberfranken, Bavaria, Germany, located in the Frankenwald area Bayreuth ( pronounced) is a City in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Frankish Alb Kulmbach is the capital of the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The city of Fürth in Middle Franconia historically (before 1933–1938) had a large Jewish population; Henry Kissinger was born there. The city of Fürth is located in northern Bavaria, Germany in the district of Middle Franconia. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973
East Franconian German is very different from the Austro-Bavarian language. Austro-Bavarian or Bavarian is a major group of Upper German varieties. Most Franconians do not call themselves Bavarians, but their insistence on this point is generally a lighthearted matter in modern times. In fact, Franconians will most likely take umbrage at insults directed at Bavaria. Even if there is no Franconian state, red and white are regarded as state colours (Landesfarben) of Franconia. State Colours of the Austro-Hungarian states displayed on their flags
See also
External links
References
- Reuter, Timothy. East Franconian ( Ostfränkisch) is a dialect which is spoken in Bavaria and other areas in Germany around Bamberg, Coburg, Franconia ( Franken) is a region for quality wine in Germany situated in the north west of Bavaria in the district of Franconia, and is Timothy Alan Reuter ( January 25 1947 – October 14 2002) grandson of the former mayor of Berlin Ernst Reuter, was a German- Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. New York: Longman, 1991. ISBN 0-582-49034-0
- Cantor, Norman, The Civilization of the Middle Ages. Norman F Cantor (born in Winnipeg, Canada on November 19, 1929, died in Miami Florida, United States on September 1993. ISBN 0-06-017033-6
Dictionary
Franconia
-proper noun
- historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west
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