Franciscus van den Enden (Antwerp ca. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the 5 February 1602 - Paris, 27 November 1674) is mainly known as the teacher of Baruch de Spinoza (1632-1677). Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza (ברוך שפינוזה Bento de Espinosa Benedictus de Spinoza ( November 24, 1632 – February 21, His name is also written as 'Van den Ende', 'Van den Eijnde', 'Van den Eijnden', etc. At the end of his life he was also known as 'Affinius' (Latinized form of 'Van den Enden').
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Life
Van den Enden, the son of weavers, was baptized at Antwerp on 6 February 1602. He was a pupil at the Augustinian and the Jesuit colleges of that city. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order In 1619 he entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus, but in 1633 he was dismissed from the order. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order In the second half of the 1630s he contributed some Neo-Latin poems to devotional works by the Spanish Augustinian Bartholomeus de los Rios y Alarcon. In about the same period, he also seems to have been active in the Antwerp art trade, in which his brother Martinus van den Enden played an important role, as a publisher of prints by Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck. In 1640 Van den Enden married Clara Maria Vermeeren at Antwerp and in 1641 a first child was born, named after her mother, Clara Maria. It is not clear where and when their second daughter, Margereta Aldegonis, was born.
Probably around 1645 the family moved to Amsterdam, where Van den Enden started an art shop in the Nes. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Only a few engravings and one pamphlet published by him are known. After the bankruptcy of his art shop, he opened a Latin school on the Singel. See also Canals of Amsterdam | |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |} The Singel is a canal in Amsterdam which encircled the city in the Middle Ages. His pupils performed several classical plays in the Amsterdamse theatre and also a Neo-Latin play by his own hand, Philedonius (1657). By then the family had expanded: in 1648 the twins Anna and Adriana Clementina were born, in 1650 a son, Jacobus, in 1651 a daughter, Marianna, and in 1654 again a daughter, Maria (Anna, Jacobus and Maria probably died very young). In the late 1650s the famous philosopher Baruch Spinoza and the anatomist Theodoor Kerckrinck were pupils at his school. Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza (ברוך שפינוזה Bento de Espinosa Benedictus de Spinoza ( November 24, 1632 – February 21,
In the early 1660s Van den Enden got the reputation of being a freethinker and atheist, although to the external world he behaved as a Roman Catholic. In this period, together with Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy, he worked on a project for a utopian settlement in New Netherland, more precisely in the area of the present Delaware. Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy (also Pieter Cornelisz Plockhoy van Zierikzee or Peter Cornelius van Zurick-zee, born c New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Van den Enden's views on this ideal society are found in the Kort Verhael van Nieuw-Nederland (Brief Account of New Netherland, 1662). Some years later, in 1665, another political publication appeared, the Vrye Politijke Stellingen (Free Political Proposals), in which democracy is defended and attention is paid to the social and educational tasks of a state. In that same year, when the Second Anglo-Dutch War had just started, he wrote to Johan de Witt offering to sell him a secret weapon for the navy. The Second Anglo-Dutch War was fought between England and the United Provinces from 4 March, 1665 until 31 July, 1667. Johan de Witt ( Dordrecht, Netherlands, 24 September 1625 &ndash The Hague, Netherlands, 20 August
Shortly after the marriage of his oldest daughter Clara Maria with Theodor Kerckring (also written as 'Kerckrinck') in 1671, Van den Enden moved to Paris, where he opened another Latin school. Theodor Kerckring or Dirk Kerckring (sometimes Kerckeringh or Kerckerinck (baptized 22 July 1638 - 2 November 1693) was a Dutch There he was visited by Antoine Arnauld and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Antoine Arnauld, ( February 6, 1612 - August 6, 1694) &mdash le Grand as contemporaries called him to distinguish him from his He also got involved in a plot against Louis XIV, but the conspirators were caught before they could execute their plans, the establishment of a republic in Normandy. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Franciscus van den Enden was condemned to death and on 27 November 1674, after the decapitation of the noble conspirators, he was hanged before the Bastille. The Bastille was a Fortress - Prison in Paris, known formally as Bastille Saint-Antoine —Number 232 Rue Saint-Antoine—best known today
Importance
One of the central questions concerning Franciscus van den Enden is whether and in how far he was an influence on the philosophy of Spinoza, a question already raised by Meinsma. In 1990 Marc Bedjai and Wim Klever, independently from each other, established that Van den Enden was the author of two anonymous pamphlets, the Kort Verhael van Nieuw Nederland (Brief Account of New Netherland) and the Vrye Politijke Stellingen (Free Political Proposals). Mainly on the basis of the last work the claim was made, most strongly by Klever, that the whole of Spinozist philosophy had been developed by Van den Enden. The idea of a strong influence on Spinoza was later adopted in the most recent biographies of Spinoza (by Stephen Nadler, and more outspokenly by Margaret Gullan-Whur). However, a thorough analysis of both pamphlets shows that a possible influence was rather limited and the chronology of the sources does not allow it to be determined whether it was the teacher who influenced the pupil or whether it was the other way around.
Apart from this question, which due to the fragmentary source material will probably never be answered with certainty, Van den Enden's later writings are of great interest. It is clear, for instance, that together with Johan de la Court, he should be counted among the earliest Dutch-writing and Early-Modern promoters of democracy. Pieter de la Court (1618 &ndash May 28, 1685) was a Dutch economist and businessman Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system His defence of religious toleration, a secular state, public education and less cruel forms of justice situate him within the Early Enlightenment. The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century Moreover, his radical rejection of slavery is unique, even within his circle of Amsterdam freethinkers. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds that Beliefs should be formed on the basis of Science and Logic and should not be influenced Finally, Van den Enden's concern for social problems and his proposals for organized forms of solidarity, presumably influenced by Plockhoy, must be considered original for his time.
Works
- Philedonius (1657)
- Kort Verhael van Nieuw Nederland (1662)
- Vrye Politijke Stellingen (1665)
- Vrije Politijke Stellingen (ed. W. Klever, 1992)
Bibliography
- M. Bedjai, 'Metaphysique, éthique et politique dans l'œuvre du docteur Franciscus van den Enden (1602- 1674)', Studia Spinozana, nr. 6 (1990), pp. 291- 301.
- J. Israel, The Radical Enlightenment, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
- W. Klever, 'Proto-Spinoza Franciscus van den Enden', Studia Spinozana, nr. 6 (1990), pp. 281- 289.
- J. v. Meininger & G. van Suchtelen, Liever met wercken, als met woorden, Weesp: Heureka, 1980.
- K. O. Meinsma, Spinoza en zijn kring, Den Haag, 1896, pp. 125-157.
External links
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