| St. Francis Xavier | |
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| Apostle to the Far East | |
| Born | April 7, 1506, Javier, Navarre |
| Died | December 3, 1552 (aged 46), China |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church, Lutheran Church, Anglican Church |
| Beatified | October 25, 1619 by Paul V |
| Canonized | March 12, 1622 by Gregory XV |
| Feast | December 3 |
| Attributes | crucifix; preacher carrying a flaming heart; bell; globe; vessel; young bearded Jesuit in the company of Saint Ignatius Loyola; young bearded Jesuit with a torch, flame, cross and lily |
| Patronage | African missions; Agartala, India; Ahmedabad, India; Alexandria, Louisiana; Apostleship of Prayer; Australia; Bombay, India; Borneo; Cape Town, South Africa; China; Dinajpur, Bangladesh; East Indies; Fathers of the Precious Blood; foreign missions; Freising, Germany; Goa India; Green Bay, Wisconsin; India; Indianapolis, Indiana;Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan;Joiliet, Illinois; Kabankalan, Philippines; Nasugbu, Batangas, Philippines; diocese of Malindi, Kenya; missionaries; Missioners of the Precious Blood; Navarre, Spain; navigators; New Zealand; parish missions; plague epidemics; Propagation of the Faith |
 Saints Portal |
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History of the Jesuits |
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Saint Francis Xavier (Basque: San Frantzisko Xabierkoa; Spanish: San Francisco de Javier; Portuguese: São Francisco Xavier; Konkani / Konknni : Sam Fransisku Xavier/ Sanv Fransisk Xavier; Japanese:フランシスコ・ザビエル; Chinese: 聖方濟各沙勿略) (Navarre, 7 April 1506 - China, 3 December 1552) was a Navarrese pioneering Roman Catholic Christian missionary and co-founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order). Saint Aloysius Gonzaga ( Italian: Luigi Gonzaga, Portuguese and Spanish: Luís de Gonzaga, March 9, 1568 &ndash Robert Bellarmine ( Roberto Francesco Romolo Cardinale Bellarmino) (4 October 1542 Montepulciano, Siena, Italy – 17 September 1621 Saint Petrus Canisius ( May 8, 1521 &ndash December 21, 1597) was an important Jesuit who fought against the spread of Protestantism Saint Edmund Campion SJ ( January 24 1540 &ndash December 1 1581) was an English Jesuit priest Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers constituting 2 Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Malankara Church of India is the Christian church believed to be started by St The Syrian Malabar Nasrani people are an Ethnoreligious group from Kerala, India. This article addresses the Saint Thomas Christians and the various churches and denominations that form the Nasrani people. Malankara Metropolitan is the title of the head of Malankara Church of Kerala, India, believed to be started by St See also Syrian Malabar Nasrani Knanaya (Hebקנאים Malayalam ക്നാനായ Arقينان literally meaning "Knai people" are an The Synod of Diamper, held at Udayamperoor /Diamper ( Kerala, India) formally united the ancient Christian Church of the Malabar Coast Saint Thomas The Coonan Cross Oath was taken in 1653, by a group of Saint Thomas Christians, reacting to the persecution of their Church by the Portuguese colonials The Goa Inquisition was the office of the Inquisition acting in the Indian state of Goa and the rest of the Portuguese empire in Asia Thomas the Apostle, also called Judas Thomas, Doubting Thomas, or Didymus, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Mother Teresa, Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, (born August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997) was an Albanian ref>Spink Reginald Heber ( April 21, 1783 - April 3, 1826) was a Church of England bishop now remembered chiefly as a hymn-writer Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara was the co-founder and first prior-general of the Congregation of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and of the Congregation of the Henry Martyn ( 18 February, 1781 - 16 October 1812) was an Anglican priest and Missionary to the peoples of India George Edward Lynch Cotton ( October 29, 1813 – October 6, 1866) was an English and educator and churchman renowned for his connections William Carey may refer to William Carey (1761&ndash1834 an English Protestant missionary William Carey (c Biography Early life Groves was born in Newton Valance, Hampshire, England Hugh Findlay ( Newmilns, Ayrshire, Scotland, June 9, 1822 &ndash March 2, 1900 in Fish Haven Idaho Advent Christian Conference Anglican Church of India Apatani Christian Fellowship Apostolic Christian Assembly Chaldean Syrian Church is the name used for the Assyrian Church of the East in India. The Church of North India (CNI the dominant Protestant denomination in northern India is a United church established on 29 November 1970 by The Church of South India ( Abbreviation: CSI) is a union of many Protestant Denominations spread throughout South India. The Brethren are a Christian Evangelical Premillennial religious movement The Indian Pentecostal Church of God (IPC is the largest indigenous Pentecostal movement in India, with its headquarters at Hebron Kumbanad, Kerala The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church is the Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Kerala, India. Malabar Independent Syriac Church is also known as Thozhyur Sabah (church and Anjoor church The Mar Thoma Church is a Christian denomination from Kerala, the South Western State of India. The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (also known as the Malankara Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of the East, Orthodox Syrian Church of the East, The Roman Catholic Church in India is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome. St Thomas Evangelical Church of India (STECI is an Evangelical, Episcopal denomination based in Kerala, India. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (also known as Malankara Syrian Catholic Church Malankara Syriac Catholic Church) The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is a Chaldean Rite Major Archiepiscopal Church in Full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The Roman Catholic Church considers him to have converted more people to Christianity than anyone since St. Paul. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and [1]
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Early life
He was born in the family castle of Xavier (from Basque etxe berri, "new house") near Sangüesa and Pamplona, in the Kingdom of Navarre, on 7 April 1506, according to a family register. Javier (or Xabier, in Basque) is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain Sangüesa is a town in Navarre, Spain, 445 kilometers from Pamplona. For other meanings see Pamplona (disambiguation. Pamplona ( Basque: Iruñea or Iruña) is the capital city of Navarre The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor He was born to an aristocratic family of Navarre. He was the youngest son of Juan of Jasso, privy councillor to King John III of Navarre (Jean d'Albret), and Maria de Azpilicueta y Xavier, sole heiress of two noble Navarrese families. John III of Navarre, also known as Jean d'Albret (1469 &ndash 14 June, 1516) was Jure uxoris King of Navarre. Following the Spanish surname custom of the time, he was named after his mother; his name is accurately written Francisco de Xavier (Latin Xaverius) rather than Francisco Xavier, as Xavier is originally a place name. A surname is a name added to a Given name and is part of a Personal name. When joint Castilian and Aragonese troops commanded by Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba conquered the kingdom in 1512, incorporating it to the then-newborn (1492) union of Spain, many fortresses were devastated, including the family castle, and land was confiscated. Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Aragon was an old kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon ( The Dukes of Alba ( es: Duque de Alba) are Spanish nobility and Grandees of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Francis' father died when he was only 9 in 1515. Francis Xavier went to Venice, Italy and there he was ordained to the priesthood on June 24, 1537. After ordination, he served for a brief period in Rome.
Missionary Work
Francis Xavier devoted much of his life to missions in foreign countries. As King John III of Portugal desired Jesuit missionaries for the Portuguese East Indies, he was ordered there in 1540. John III ( Portuguese: João III ʒuˈɐ̃ũ ( June 7, 1502 &ndash June 11, 1557) nicknamed o Piedoso The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term often used to refer to the islands of SE Asia, especially the Malay Archipelago He left Lisbon on April 7, 1541, together with two other Jesuits and the new viceroy Martim de Sousa, on board the Santiago. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. From August of that year until March 1542, he remained in Mozambique then reached Goa, the capital of the then Portuguese Indian colonies on May 6 1542. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Goa Velha or Adlem Gõi or Pornne Gõi is a Census town in North Goa district Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. His official role there was Apostolic Nuncio and he spent the following three years operating out of Goa. Nuncio is an ecclesiastical Diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word Nuntius, meaning "envoy
On September 20, 1543, he left for his first missionary activity among the Paravas, pearl-fishers along the east coast of southern India, North of Cape Comorin (or Sup Santaz). Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Occupations Traditionally the Paravars had sea based professions including Pearl diving, Fishing, navigating, and salt making. For other uses of Kanyakumari, please see Kanyakumari (disambiguation. He then focused on converting the king of Travancore to Christianity and also visited Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor ( Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര് "Thiru" (respectful prefix which suggests either royal or Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Dissatisfied with the results of his activity, he set his sights eastward in 1545 and planned a missionary journey to Macassar on the island of Celebes (today's Indonesia). Makassar, ( Macassar, Mangkasar) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the largest city on Sulawesi Island Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes, ˈsɛlɛbiz is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia.
After arriving to Malacca in October of that year and waiting three months in vain for a ship to Macassar, he gave up the goal of his voyage and left Malacca on January 1, 1546 for Amboyna where he stayed until mid-June. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. The Island has an area of 775 km² (300 sq mi He then visited other Molucca Islands including Ternate and More. The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands, the Spice Islands or simply Maluku) are an Archipelago Ternate is an island and town in the Maluku Islands (Moluccas of eastern Indonesia, located off the west coast of the larger island of Halmahera. Shortly after Easter 1546, he returned to Ambon Island and later Malacca. During this time, frustrated by the elites in Goa, St. Francis wrote to King D. João III for an Inquisition to be installed in Goa. John III ( Portuguese: João III ʒuˈɐ̃ũ ( June 7, 1502 &ndash June 11, 1557) nicknamed o Piedoso The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and However, this Inquisition did not begin until eight years after his death. The Goa Inquisition was the office of the Inquisition acting in the Indian state of Goa and the rest of the Portuguese empire in Asia
Francis Xavier's work initiated permanent change in eastern Indonesia,and was known as Apostle of Indies where in 1546-1547 he worked in the Maluku region among the people of Ambon, Ternate, and Morotai (or Moro), and laid the foundations for a permanent mission. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands, the Spice Islands or simply Maluku) are an Archipelago Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. The Island has an area of 775 km² (300 sq mi Ternate is an island and town in the Maluku Islands (Moluccas of eastern Indonesia, located off the west coast of the larger island of Halmahera. Morotai Island (695 sq mi/1800 km² is an island located in the Halmahera group of eastern Indonesia 's Maluku Islands (Moluccas After he left Maluku, others carried on his work and by the 1560s there were 10,000 Catholics in the area, mostly on Ambon. By the 1590s there were 50,000 to 60,000. [2]
In December 1547, in Malacca, Francis Xavier met a Japanese nobleman from Kagoshima named Anjiro. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the Kyūshū island of Japan, and the largest city in the prefecture by some or, later known as Paulo de Santa Fé, was a well known Japanese interpreter from Satsuma Province. Anjiro had heard from Francis in 1545 and had travelled from Kagoshima to Malacca with the purpose of meeting him. Having been charged with murder, Anjiro fled Japan. He poured his heart out to Francis Xavier, telling him about his former life and the customs and culture of his beloved homeland. Anjiro was a samurai and as such provided Xavier with a skilled mediator and translator for the mission to Japan that now seemed much closer to reality. is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. “I asked [Anjiro] whether the Japanese would become Christians if I went with him to this country, and he replied that they would not do so immediately, but would first ask me many questions and see what I knew. Above all, they would want to see whether my life corresponded with my teaching… All the Portuguese merchants who have come from Japan assure me that by going there I could render God our Lord much service, and more than among the peoples of India, because the Japanese are a race greatly given to the exercise of reason. Reason involves the ability to think understand and draw Conclusions in an Abstract way as in Human thinking ” Thus intrigued, Xavier baptized Anjiro—who was now called Paulo de Santa Fé and began to plan for a mission to this recently discovered land. Anjiro helped Francis Xavier translate a few paragraphs of Christian doctrine into phonetic Japanese which Xavier learned by heart. Doctrine (Latin doctrina) is a codification of beliefs or "a body of teachings quot or "instructions" taught principles or positions as the
He returned to India in January 1548. The next 15 months were occupied with various journeys and administrative measures in India. Then due to displeasure at what he considered un-Christian life and manners on the part of the Portuguese which impeded missionary work, he travelled from the South into East Asia. He left Goa on April 15, 1549, stopped at Malacca and visited Canton. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city He was accompanied by Anjiro, two other Japanese men, the father Cosme de Torrès and Brother João Fernandes. Cosme de Torres (b 1510 Valencia - d October 2, 1570, Amakusa, island of the Prefecture of present Kumamoto, He had taken with him presents for the "King of Japan" since he was intending to introduce himself as the Apostolic Nuncio. The of Japan is the country's Monarch. He is the head of the Japanese Imperial Family.
Xavier reached Japan on July 27, 1549, but it was not until August 15 that he went ashore at Kagoshima, the principal port of the province of Satsuma on the island of Kyūshū. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. This article is about the province For alternative meanings of the word Satsuma, see Satsuma (disambiguation was an old province or Kyushu is the third-largest Island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. He was received in a friendly manner and was hosted by Anjiro's family until October 1550. From October to December 1550, he resided in Yamaguchi. is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is the smallest prefectural capital in Japan Shortly before Christmas, he left for Kyoto but failed to meet with the Emperor. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. He returned to Yamaguchi in March 1551 where he was permitted to preach by the daimyo of the province. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings However, lacking fluency in the Japanese language, he had to limit himself to reading aloud the translation of a catechism. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities A catechism (ˈkætəkɪzəm κατηχισμός is a summary or exposition of Doctrine, traditionally used in Christian religious teaching from New Testament
Xavier was welcomed by the Shingon monks since he used the word Dainichi for the Christian God. Shingon Buddhism (眞言 真言 " true words " is a major school of Japanese Buddhism, and is the other branch of Vajrayana Buddhism As Xavier learned more about the religious nuances of the word, he changed to Deusu from the Latin and Portuguese Deus. The monks also realized that Xavier was preaching a rival religion.
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With the passage of time, his sojourn in Japan can be considered fruitful as attested by congregations established in Hirado, Yamaguchi and Bungo. is a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It occupies an Island connected to the larger island of Kyūshū by the Hirado Bridge was a province of Japan in eastern Kyūshū. It bordered Buzen, Hyuga, Higo, Chikugo, and Chikuzen provinces Xavier worked for more than two years in Japan and saw his successor-Jesuits established. He then decided to return to India. During his trip, a tempest forced him to stop on an island near Guangzhou, China where he saw the rich merchant Diego Pereira, an old friend from Cochin, who showed him a letter from Portuguese being held prisoners in Guangzhou asking for a Portuguese ambassador to talk to the Chinese Emperor in their favor. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Merchants function as professionals who deal with Trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves in order to produce Profit. Later during the voyage, he stopped at Malacca on December 27, 1551 and was back in Goa by January, 1552. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the
On April 17 he set sail with Diego Pereira, leaving Goa on board the Santa Cruz for China. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. He introduced himself as Apostolic Nuncio and Pereira as ambassador of the King of Portugal. Shortly thereafter, he realized that he had forgotten his testimonial letters as an Apostolic Nuncio. Back in Malacca, he was confronted by the capitão Álvaro de Ataíde de Gama who now had total control over the harbor. The capitão refused to recognize his title of Nuncio, asked Pereira to resign from his title of ambassador, named a new crew for the ship and demanded the gifts for the Chinese Emperor be left in Malacca.
In early September 1552, the Santa Cruz reached the Chinese island of Shangchuan, 14 km away from the southern coast of mainland China, near Taishan, Guangdong, 200 km south-west of what later became Hong Kong. Shangchuan Island (上川岛 Pinyin Shàngchuāndǎo; also written Schangschwan, Sancian, Chang-Chuang or St Taishan (Chinese 台[[wiktionary 山|山]] Mandarin: Táishān Cantonese: Toisan; Taishanese: Hoisan, Other Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders At this time, he was only accompanied by a Jesuit student, Álvaro Ferreira, a Chinese man called António and a Malabar servant called Christopher. Malabar (മലബാര് is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. Around mid-November, he sent a letter saying that a man had agreed to take him to the mainland in exchange for a large sum of money. Having sent back Álvaro Ferreira, he remained alone with António.
Death
On 21 November, on Shangchuan Island, he fainted after celebrating Mass and suffered a blow to the head. Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Shangchuan Island (上川岛 Pinyin Shàngchuāndǎo; also written Schangschwan, Sancian, Chang-Chuang or St The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. He died on 3 December 1552, at age 46, without having reached mainland China. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
He was first buried on a beach of Shangchuan Island. His incorrupt body was taken from the island in February 1553 and was temporarily buried in St. Incorruptibility is the property of a body — usually a human body — that does not decompose after death Paul's church in Malacca on 22 March, 1553. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. An open grave in the church now marks the place of Xavier's burial. Pereira came back from Goa, removed the corpse shortly after April 15, 1553, and moved it to his house.
On 11 December, 1553, Xavier's body was shipped to Goa. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office The body is now in the in the Basilica of Bom Jesus in Goa, where it was placed in a glass container encased in a silver casket on December 2, 1637. The Basilica of Bom Jesus or Basilica of Bom Jesus ( Basílica do Bom Jesus) is located in Goa, India.
The right forearm, which Xavier used to bless and baptize his converts, was detached by Pr. The forearm is the structure on the Upper limb, between the elbow and the Wrist. Gen. Claudio Acquaviva in 1614. Claudio Acquaviva ( September 14, 1543 - January 31, 1615) was an Italian Jesuit priest elected the 5th Superior General of the It has been displayed since in a silver reliquary at the main Jesuit church in Rome, Il Gesù. For the school see Gesu School. The Church of the Gesù (dʒeˈzu in Italian, Chiesa del Sacro Nome di Gesù, or [3]
Legacy
St. Francis Xavier is noteworthy for his missionary work, both as organizer and as pioneer. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. By his compromises in India with the Christians of St. Thomas, he developed the Jesuit missionary methods along lines that subsequently became a successful blueprint for his order to follow. This article addresses the Saint Thomas Christians and the various churches and denominations that form the Nasrani people. His efforts left a significant impression upon the missionary history of India and, as one of the first Jesuit missionaries to the East Indies, his work is of fundamental significance to the propagation of Christianity in China and Japan. The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term often used to refer to the islands of SE Asia, especially the Malay Archipelago He was an inspiration to many people with his miraculous work.
Pope Benedict XVI said of both Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier: "not only their history which was interwoven for many years from Paris and Rome, but a unique desire — a unique passion, it could be said — moved and sustained them through different human events: the passion to give to God-Trinity a glory always greater and to work for the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ to the peoples who had been ignored. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Saint Ignatius redirects here for other Saints see Ignatius. Ignatius of Loyola, also known as Íñigo Oñaz López de Loyola "[4]
As the foremost saint from Navarre and one of the main Jesuit saints, he is very venerated in Spain and the Hispanic countries where Francisco Javier or Javier are common male given names. In most Spanish -speaking countries people have two surnames. [5] As a spin-off, Xavier itself became a male name popular in Portugal, Brazil, France, Belgium, and southern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Austria and Bavaria the name is spelled as Xaver (pronounced Ksaber and often used in addition to Francis as Franz-Xaver. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Xavier is one of the few names starting with X in English.
Many churches all over the world have been named in honor of Xavier, often founded by Jesuits. One notable church is the Basilica of St. Francis Xavier in Dyersville, Iowa. Dyersville is a city in eastern Delaware and western Dubuque Counties in the U
The Javierada is an annual pilgrimage from Pamplona to Xavier instituted in the 1940s.
Beatification
Francis Xavier is a Catholic saint. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity He was beatified by Paul V on October 25, 1619, and was canonized by Gregory XV on March 12, 1622, at the same time as Ignatius Loyola. For Napoleon's brother-in-law see Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints Pope Gregory XV ( January 9 or January 15, 1554 – July 8, 1623) born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621 succeeding Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Saint Ignatius redirects here for other Saints see Ignatius. Ignatius of Loyola, also known as Íñigo Oñaz López de Loyola He is the patron saint of missionaries. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members His feast day is December 3. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints
Educational Institutions
Numerous schools named St. Xavier and St. Francis Xavier, most founded by the Jesuits, can be found in many parts of the world. There is also Xavier University, a name which is shared by more than one college in the United States. Xavier University is a private, Jesuit, co-educational University in the United States located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio and Xavier High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa both have prominent statutes of St. Francis Xavier on their campuses and Saint Xavier University in Chicago, Illinois is one of the oldest higher educational centers in that leading midwestern metropolis.
See also
- Jesuit China missions
- Catholicism in China
- List of people on stamps of Ireland
- Religion in China
- Jesuit China missions
- Christianity in China
- Goa Inquisition
- Exploration of Asia
- Flying Saints
- Roman Catholicism in Japan
Protestant Missionaries in China
- See separate article List of Protestant missionaries in China. The history of the missions of the Jesuits in China in the early modern era stands as one of the notable events in the early history of relations between China and Chinese Catholicism called Tianzhu jiao (天主教 Lord of Heaven Religion has a long and complicated history This is a list of people on the Postage stamps of the Irish Free State between 1922 and 1937 and on the postage stamps of Ireland since 1937, including Religion in China has been characterized by Pluralism since the beginning of Chinese history. The history of the missions of the Jesuits in China in the early modern era stands as one of the notable events in the early history of relations between China and Christianity in China is a growing minority religion that comprises Protestants (called 基督教 Jī dū jiào or Christ Religion) Catholics The Goa Inquisition was the office of the Inquisition acting in the Indian state of Goa and the rest of the Portuguese empire in Asia This article attempts to list every significant event in the history of the European exploration of Asia. There are numerous Saints to whom the ability to fly or levitate in spite of their weight has been attributed The Roman Catholic Church in Japan is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and Curia in Rome Beginning in 1807 with the arrival of Robert Morrison of the London Missionary Society and ending in 1953 with the departure of Arthur and Wilda Mathews of the
References
- This article incorporates material from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religion
- ^ "St. Francis Xavier". The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge is a religious Encyclopedia (1st edition 1882-84 3rd edition 1891 new edition published in thirteen volumes Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Ricklefs, M. C. (1993). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd Edition. London: MacMillan, p. 25. ISBN 0-333-57689-6.
- ^ Cappella di san Francesco Saverio, at the official website of Il Gesù. For the school see Gesu School. The Church of the Gesù (dʒeˈzu in Italian, Chiesa del Sacro Nome di Gesù, or (Italian)
- ^ Address of Benedict XVI to the Jesuits, April 22, 2006.
- ^ The most frequent names, simple and exact for the national total and exact for the province of residence, Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain). The National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística is the official organisation in Spain that collects Statistics about demography Excel spreadsheet format. In Computing, Microsoft Excel (full name Microsoft Office Excel) consists of a proprietary Spreadsheet -application written and distributed Javier is the 10th most popular complete name for males, Francisco Javier, the 18th. Javier is the 8th most frequent name for males, either alone or in composition.
External links
- Xavier's World website of Navarre Department of Education celebrating 500th anniversary of their patron saint's birth
- Francis Xavier arrives in Japan
- A critical view
- St. Francis Xavier - Pictorial Biography
- Saint François Xavier (French)
- St. Francis of the Millennium
- The Goa Jesuit Province of the Society of Jesus: The Jesuits in Goa
- The Feast of St Francis Xavier in Goa
- Picture of Shangchuan island. The chapel marks the location of his death
- Another picture of the church on Shangchuan island
- Old map of Shangchuan island
- The Miracles of St Francis Xavier by John Hardon, SJ
- St Francis Xavier: History of His Incorrupt Body
- Brief History of St Francis Xavier
- Saint Francis Xavier at Patron Saints Index
- St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church in Parkersburg, WV
John A S A Hardon SJ ( June 18, 1914 - December 30, 2000) was a Catholic Priest, writer and Theologian
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