Francis Greenway

Hyde Park Barracks, designed by Francis Greenway; Old Colonial Georgian architectural style; drawing by Hardy Wilson in 1914

Francis Howard Greenway (20 November 1777 – September 1837) was an iconic Australian colonial architect. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common For other uses of the term see Icon (disambiguation. For a list of icons for use on Wikipedia see WikipediaIcons. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction

Greenway was born at Mangotsfield^[1], near the English city of Bristol, where he became an architect "of some eminence" in Bristol and Bath. Mangotsfield is a Village in Gloucestershire, England, situated north of the suburb of Kingswood, bounded to the north by the M4 motorway England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. In 1809 he became bankrupt, and in 1812 he pleaded guilty "under the advice of his friends", to forging a financial document and was sentenced to death; this sentence was later commuted to 14 years transportation. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against Forgery is the process of making adapting or imitating objects statistics or documents (see False document) with the intent to deceive. Transportation or penal transportation refers to the deporting of Convicted Criminals to a Penal colony, for example by France Why he pleaded guilty is not now ascertainable; he may have been told it was the only way to save his life. He had been friendly with Admiral Arthur Phillip who was living in retirement at Bath, and Phillip wrote to Lachlan Macquarie recommending Greenway to him. Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 &ndash 31 August 1814 was a British naval Admiraland colonial administrator Major-General Lachlan Macquarie CB (31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824 Scottish Gaelic spelling Lachlan MacGuaire) British military officer

He arrived in Sydney, New South Wales on the transport General Hewitt in February 1814 to serve his sentence. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4

Between 1816 and 1818, whilst still a convict, Greenway was responsible for the design and construction of the Macquarie Lighthouse on the South Head at the entrance to Sydney Harbour^[1]. The Macquarie Lighthouse was the first and is the longest serving Lighthouse site in Australia. Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney Australia After the success of this project he was emancipated by the Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie, and in the role of Acting Civil Architect and Assistant Engineer responsible to Captain J. An emancipist was any of the Convicts sentenced and transported under the Convict system to Australia, who had been given conditional or absolute pardons The Governor of New South Wales is the representative in the Australian state of New South Wales of Australia's monarch, Elizabeth II, Major-General Lachlan Macquarie CB (31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824 Scottish Gaelic spelling Lachlan MacGuaire) British military officer The New South Wales Government Architect is an officer of the New South Wales government M. Gill, Inspector of Public Works, went on to build many significant buildings in the new colony.

His works include Hyde Park Barracks, St. James Church and the new Government House. The Hyde Park Barracks are at the southern end of Macquarie Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. St James' Church is an Anglican church on King Street in Sydney, Australia, known by Sydneysiders as St James' King Street Government House is located in Sydney just south of the Sydney Opera House, and overlooks Sydney Harbour. There are still 49 buildings in central Sydney attributed to his designs.

Greenway fell into disrepute when Macquarie accused him of charging high fees whilst on a government retainer, and he was dismissed by the next governor, Thomas Brisbane, in 1822^[1]. Major-General Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane 1st Baronet, GCH, GCB ( July 23, 1773 – January 27, 1860) soldier He continued to follow his profession with little success. Although he got his grant of land, he does not appear to have received the promised cattle.

In 1835 he advertised that "Francis Howard Greenway, arising from circumstances of a singular nature is induced again to solicit the patronage of his friends and the public". In other words, he was destitute.

He died of typhoid near Newcastle in 1837, aged 59. Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, bilious fever, Yellow Jack or commonly just typhoid, is an illness caused by the Bacterium The Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The exact date of his death is not known. He was buried in the East Maitland Cemetery on 25 September 1837, but his grave is unmarked. Maitland is a city in the Lower Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia and the seat of Maitland City Council, situated on the Hunter Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

Posthumous tributes

Greenway's face was shown on the first Australian decimal-currency $10 note (1966-93), making him probably the only convicted forger in the world to be honoured on a banknote. The Australian ten dollar banknote was issued when the currency

He is the eponym of a NSW Federal electorate, a suburb of Canberra, a suburb of Newcastle, and a high school in Beresfield. The Division of Greenway is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. Greenway is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Tuggeranong. Below is a list of suburbs that are located within the Greater Newcastle region in New South Wales, Australia. Beresfield is a north-western suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, located from Newcastle's Central business district

The Vaucluse home of the renowned Australian architect Leslie Wilkinson (1982-1973) was named "Greenway" in honour of Francis Greenway.

List of Works

• Macquarie Lighthouse, Watsons Bay

• Windsor Court House

• Government House, Sydney (partly designed by Greenway)

• St Matthew's, Windsor

• Supreme Court, Sydney

• Judge's House, Sydney

• St James's, Sydney

• Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney

• Obelisk, Macquarie Place (1818)

• St Luke's, Liverpool

• Conservatorium of Music, Sydney (Originally constructed in 1821 as the Government Stables)

• Liverpool College (formerly Liverpool Hospital)

• Government House, Parramatta (timber portico only)

• Hobartville, Richmond (uncertain)

• Cleveland House, Surry Hills (uncertain)

All buildings are listed on the Register of the National Estate^[2]

St James Church	St James, interior	St Lukes, Liverpool	Macquarie Lighthouse, Watsons Bay, a replica based on the original design by Greenway
Conservatorium of Music, Sydney	St Matthews Church, Windsor, interior	St Matthews	Hyde Park Barracks
Judge's House, Sydney	Supreme Court, Sydney	Government House, Sydney	Obelisk, Macquarie Place, Sydney
Cleveland House, Surry Hills

See also

• History of Sydney

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Greenway entry in Australian Dictionary of Biography
2. ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981

• Serle, Percival (1949). Macquarie Place is a small triangular park in downtown Sydney, Australia. Macquarie Place is a small triangular park in downtown Sydney, Australia. The History of Sydney stretches back to prehistoric timesThe area surrounding Port Jackson ( Sydney Harbour) was home to many Aboriginal tribes The Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB or AuDB is a multi-volume project published by Melbourne University Press. "Greenway, Francis". Dictionary of Australian Biography. The Dictionary of Australian Biography, published in 1949, is a reference work by Percival Serle containing information on notable people associated with Sydney: Angus and Robertson.  

• This article incorporates text from the public domain 1949 edition of Dictionary of Australian Biography from Project Gutenberg of Australia, which is in the public domain in Australia and the United States of America. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Dictionary of Australian Biography, published in 1949, is a reference work by Percival Serle containing information on notable people associated with and now is on student pages