Francis Bacon
Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent (1953)
Born	28 October 1909(1909-10-28) Dublin, Ireland
Died	28 April 1992 (aged 82) Madrid, Spain
Field	Painting
Works	Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) Painting (1946) (1946) Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X (1953) Figure with Meat (1954) Portrait of Michel Leiris (1976) Three Studies for a Self Portrait (1985)

Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born figurative painter. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion is a 1944 Triptych painted by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. Painting (1946 is an oil-on-linen Painting by the Irish -born artist Francis Bacon. Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X 1953 is a painting by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. Figure with Meat is a 1954 painting by the Irish born artist Francis Bacon. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Figurative art describes Artwork - particularly paintings and sculptures - which are clearly derived from real object sources and are therefore by definition representational Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e He was a collateral descendant of the Elizabethan philosopher Francis Bacon. A collateral descendant is a relative descended from a Brother or Sister of an Ancestor, and thus a Niece or Nephew. Romance and reality The Victorian era and the early twentieth century idealised the Elizabethan era Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban KC QC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626 was an English Philosopher, Statesman, and author His artwork is known for its bold, austere, and often grotesque or nightmarish imagery. When used in conversation grotesque commonly means strange fantastic ugly or bizarre and thus is often used to describe weird shapes and distorted forms such as Halloween A nightmare is a Dream which causes a strong unpleasant emotional response from the sleeper typically fear or horror being in situations of extreme danger or the sensations

Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Abbeyleix 1.2 London, Berlin and Paris 2 1930s 2.1 'The 1930 Look in British Decoration' 2.2 Crucifixion (1933) 2.3 Wound for a Crucifixion 2.4 Abstraction from the Human Form 2.5 Figure Getting Out of a Car (c. 1939–1940) 3 The Millais House studio, 7 Cromwell Place: 1943 - 1951 3.1 Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion 3.2 Figure in a landscape (1945) 3.3 Painting (1946) 3.4 Head I, Head II - Head VI 3.5 The Colony Room 3.6 Study after Velázquez 4 After 7 Cromwell Place 1951 - 1953 5 Later life 5.1 Record sales of work 6 Notes 7 Further reading 8 External links 8.1 Select work 8.2 Sites 8.3 News and reviews

Early life

Francis Bacon was born in Dublin to English parents. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English His father, Eddy Bacon, was a veteran of the Boer War who became a racehorse trainer. Two Boer Wars were fought between the British Empire and the two independent Boer republics the Orange Free State and the South African Republic This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. His mother Winnie (née Firth), an heiress to a steel business and coal mine, was noted for her outgoing, gregarious nature, a stark contrast to her highly-strung and argumentative husband. Francis was cared for by the family nurse, Jessie Lightfoot. A nanny is a person who looks after the child or children of one family in the child's home A sickly child with asthma and a violent allergy to dogs and horses, Bacon was often given morphine to ease his suffering during attacks. Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are Allergy is a disorder of the Immune system often also referred to as Atopy. The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in The family shifted houses often, moving back and forth between Ireland and England several times during this period, leading to a feeling of displacement that would remain with the artist throughout his life. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In 1911 the family lived in Cannycourt House near Kilcullen, County Kildare, but later moved to Westbourne Terrace, London, close by to where Eddy Bacon worked at the Territorial Force Records Office. Kilcullen ( Cill Chuilinn in Irish) or Kilcullen Bridge, is a small Town on the River Liffey in County Kildare County Kildare (Contae Chill Dara is an Irish County located to the southwest of Dublin in the province of Leinster. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Territorial Army ( TA) is the principal and Volunteer reserve force of the British Army, the land armed forces branch of the United Kingdom

Abbeyleix

On returning to Ireland after World War I, Bacon was sent to live for a time with his maternal grandmother, Winifred Supple, and her husband Kerry, at Farmleigh, Abbeyleix, County Laois. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Abbeyleix or Abbeylaois ( is a town in County Laois, Ireland about 14 km from Portlaoise. County Laois (liːʃ Contae Laoise in Irish) formerly also Laoighis or Leix, is a County in the midlands of Ireland, Eddy Bacon later bought Farmleigh from his mother-in-law, though they soon moved again to Straffan Lodge in Naas, County Kildare, the birthplace of both parents. Naas (ˈneɪs Irish: Nás na Ríogh nɑːs nə riː or An Nás nɑːs is the county town of County Kildare, Ireland. County Kildare (Contae Chill Dara is an Irish County located to the southwest of Dublin in the province of Leinster. Though Francis was a shy child, he enjoyed dressing up. In Humans shyness (also called diffidence) is a Social psychology term used to describe the Feeling of apprehension lack of confidence This, coupled with his effeminate manner, often enraged his father and created a distance between them. Effeminacy is a trait in males that generally contradicts traditional male ( masculine) Gender roles It is a derogatory term frequently applied to Femininity A story emerged in 1992^[1] of his father having had Francis horsewhipped by their Irish groom. For other uses see Groom A groom is an employee who is responsible for some or all aspects of the welfare of a stable owner's Horses and/or In 1924 his parents moved to Gloucestershire, first to Prescott House in Gotherington, then to Linton Hall, situated near the border with Herefordshire. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century Gotherington is a Village north of Cheltenham in Gloucestershire, England. Constitution Herefordshire was reconstituted both as a new Non-metropolitan district (effective 19th July 1996 and as a new County comprising the area of the Francis spent eighteen months boarding at Dean Close School, Cheltenham, from the third term of 1924 until April 1926. Dean Close School is a Co-educational Independent school in Cheltenham, England. Education This was to be his only brush with a formal education as he ran away after several weeks. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency

At a fancy-dress party at the Firth family house at Cavendish Hall, Suffolk, Francis dressed up as a flapper with an Eton crop, beaded dress, lipstick, high heels, and a long cigarette holder. A costume party ( American English) or a fancy dress party ( British English) mainly in contemporary Western culture, is a type of Party Suffolk (ˈsʌfək is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. The term flapper in the 1920s referred to a "new breed" of young Women who wore short skirts bobbed their hair listened to the new Jazz music

In 1926 the family moved back to Ireland, and Straffan Lodge. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world His sister, Ianthe (b. 1921), recalls that Bacon made drawings of ladies with cloche hats and long cigarette holders. Drawing is a Visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium ^[2] Later that year, Francis was banished from Straffan Lodge following an incident in which his father found him admiring himself in front of a large mirror draped in his mother's underwear. Undergarments are clothes worn under other clothes often next to the skin

London, Berlin and Paris

Bacon spent the autumn and winter of 1926 in London, with the help of an allowance of £3 a week from his mother's trust fund, living on his instincts, simply 'drifting', and reading Nietzsche. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist When he was broke, Bacon found that by the simple expedient of rent-dodging and petty theft, he could manage a reasonable economy. To supplement his income, he briefly tried his hand at domestic service, but although he enjoyed cooking, he quickly became bored and resigned. A domestic worker, domestic, servingman, servingwoman, or servant is one who works and often also lives within the employer's household He was sacked from a telephone answering position at a shop selling women's clothes in Poland Street, Soho, after writing a poison pen letter to the owner. A poison pen letter is a letter or note containing unpleasant abusive or malicious statements or accusations about the recipient or a third party He discovered that he attracted a certain type of rich man, an attraction he was quick to take advantage of, having developed a taste for good food and wine. One of the men was an ex-army friend of his father, another breeder of race-horses, named Harcourt-Smith. Bacon later claimed that his father had asked this friend to take him 'in-hand' and 'make a man of him'. Francis had a difficult relationship with his father, once admitting to being sexually attracted to him. Doubtless, Eddy Bacon was aware of his friend's reputation for virility, but not of his penchant for young men.

In the early Spring of 1927, Bacon was taken by Harcourt-Smith to the opulent, decadent, "wide open" Berlin of the Weimar Republic, staying together at the Hotel Adlon. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 Hotel Adlon is a hotel on Unter den Linden, a main boulevard in the Berlin city centre directly opposite the Brandenburg Gate. ^[3] It is likely that Bacon saw Fritz Lang's Metropolis during this time. Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang ( December 5, 1890 &ndash August 2, 1976) was an Austrian German - American Metropolis is a silent Science fiction film directed by Fritz Lang and written by Lang and Thea von Harbou.

Bacon spent two months in Berlin, though Harcourt-Smith left after just one — "He soon got tired of me, of course, and went off with a woman. . . I didn't really know what to do, so I hung on for a while, and then, since I'd managed to keep a bit of money, I decided to go to Paris. " Bacon then spent the next year and a half in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city He met Yvonne Bocquentin, pianist and connoisseur, at the opening of an exhibition. Aware of his own need to learn the French language, Bacon lived for three months with Madame Bocquentin and her family at their house near Chantilly. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Chantilly is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. At the Château de Chantilly (Musée Condé) he saw Nicolas Poussin's Massacre of the Innocents, a painting to which he was often to refer in his own later work. The Château de Chantilly is a historic Château located in the town of Chantilly, France. Nicolas Poussin (15 June 1594 – 19 November 1665 was a French painter in the classical style For the painting by Peter Paul Rubens see " Massacre of the Innocents (Rubens " From Chantilly, he went to an exhibition that was largely to inspire him to take up painting. His visit to a 1927 exhibition of 106 drawings by Picasso at the Galerie Paul Rosenberg, Paris, aroused his artistic interest, and he often took the train into Paris five or more times a week to see shows and art exhibitions. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Paul Rosenberg is the name of Paul Rosenberg (art dealer (1881–1959 French art dealer Paul Rosenberg (music manager, manager of Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Bacon saw Abel Gance's epic silent film Napoléon at the Paris Opéra when it premiered in April 1927. Abel Gance (25 October 1889 - 10 November 1981 was a French Film director, producer, Writer, Actor and editor best Napoléon ( 1927) is an epic silent French Film directed by Abel Gance that tells the story of the rise of Napoleon From the autumn of 1927, Bacon stayed at the Paris Hôtel Delambre in Montparnasse. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

1930s

Bacon returned to London in late 1928 or early 1929, and started work as an interior designer. Interior design is a practice concerned with anything that is found inside a space - walls windows doors finishes textures light furnishings and furniture He took a studio in a converted garage, 17 Queensberry Mews West, South Kensington, and shared the upper floor with Eric Alden (who was later to become his first collector) and his nanny, Jessie Lightfoot. A studio is a Artist 's or worker's workroom or an artist and his or her Employees who work within that studio A residential garage is part of a home or an associated building designed or used for storing a vehicle or vehicles South Kensington is a district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London. The Hobby of collecting includes seeking locating acquiring organizing cataloging displaying storing and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector In the first issue of Cahiers d'Art for 1929, Bacon saw Picasso's painted biomorphic figures, reproduced in an article by editor Christian Zervos: Picasso à Dinard, Été 1928. Christian Zervos ( Argostoli, Kefalonia Greece 1889 – Paris 1970 Dinard (Dinarzh Gallo: Dinard) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Bretagne in northwestern France (Likely to have been bought either from Zwemmers bookshop, on the Charing Cross Road, or in Paris. Charing Cross Road is a London street which runs immediately north of St Martin-in-the-Fields to St Giles' Circus (the intersection with Oxford Street ) The 1927 show at Rosenberg's in Paris had been of Neo-classical drawings, and it was the 1928 Les Baigneuses and Le Baiser in Cahiers d'Art, that gave Bacon his direction as a painter. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and

Bacon was befriended by Geoffrey Gilbey, then the racing correspondent for the Daily Express, and for a time worked as his racing secretary. The Daily Express is a conservative Middle-market British Tabloid Newspaper. Gilbey had a house in Ormonde Gate, Chelsea. Chelsea is an area of south-west London, England, bounded to the south by the River Thames, where its frontage runs from Chelsea Bridge along Bacon advertised himself as a "gentleman's companion" in The Times, on the front page (then reserved for personal messages and insertions). The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ^[4] Among the many answers carefully vetted by Nanny Lightfoot was one from an elderly cousin of Douglas Cooper, at that time owner of one of the finest collection of modern art in England. History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth The gentleman, having paid Bacon for his services, found him part-time work as a telephone operator in a London club and further sought Cooper's help in promoting Bacon's developing skill as a designer of furniture and interiors. A telephone operator is either a person who provides assistance to a Telephone caller usually in the placing of Operator assisted telephone Furniture is the Mass noun for the movable objects which may support the human body (seating furniture and beds, provide storage or hold objects on horizontal Cooper also commissioned a desk from Bacon in battleship gray around this time. A desk is a Furniture form and a class of table often used in a work or Office setting for reading or Writing on or using a Computer

In 1929 he met Eric Hall at the Bath Club, Dover Street, London, where Bacon was working at the telephone exchange. Dover Street is a street in Mayfair, London, England. The street is notable for its Georgian architecture as well as the location of Hall (who was general manager of Peter Jones) was to be both patron and lover to Bacon, in an often torturous relationship. Peter Jones is one of the largest and best known Department stores in central London, England. Patronage is the support encouragement privilege and often financial aid given by a person or an organization

'The 1930 Look in British Decoration'

The first show in the winter of 1929, at Queensberry Mews, was of Bacon's carpet rugs and furniture (a rug was purchased by Hall), but may have included Painted screen (c. 1929–1930) and Watercolour (1929), both bought by Eric Alden. Watercolour (1929) his earliest surviving painting, seems to have evolved from his rug designs, in turn influenced by the paintings and tapestries of Jean Lurçat. Tapestry is a form of Textile art. It is woven by hand on a vertical Loom. Jean Lurçat ( July 1, 1892 - January 6, 1966) was a French painter and Tapestry designer Sydney Butler (daughter of Samuel Courtauld and wife of Rab Butler) commissioned a glass and steel table and a set of stools for the dining room of her Smith Square house. Samuel Courtauld may refer to Samuel Courtauld (industrialist (1793&ndash1881 American-born British industrialist Samuel Courtauld (art Richard Austen Butler Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, KG CH DL PC (9 December 1902&ndash8 Smith Square is a square located in Westminster, part of the City of Westminster in London, which is notable for St John's Smith Square, the . . . Bacon's Queensberry Mews studio was featured in the August 1930 issue of The Studio magazine, in a double page article entitled "The 1930 Look in British Decoration". The piece showed work including a large round mirror, some rugs and tubular steel and glass furniture largely influenced by the International Style, Marcel Breuer, Le Corbusier / Charlotte Perriand and Eileen Gray. The International style was a major Architectural style of the 1920s and 1930s Marcel Lajos Breuer ( 21 May 1902 Pécs, Hungary &ndash 1 July 1981 New York City) Architect and Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss Kathleen Eileen Moray Gray ( August 9, 1878 &ndash October 31, 1976) was an Irish Furniture Designer and Architect

He returned to Germany in 1930. A dramatic studio portrait taken of Bacon by Helmar Lerski, a Swiss photographer and cinematographer, probably dates from this visit. Helmar Lerski ( February 18, 1871, Strasbourg - September 19, 1956, Zürich was a photographer who laid some of the important foundations of Bacon was later to tell Stephen Spender that he had been very impressed by the work of a photographer who had produced striking effects using mirrors and natural light filtered through screens, but that he could not remember the artist's name. Sir Stephen Harold Spender CBE, ( 28 February 1909 – 16 July 1995) was an English Poet, Novelist Later that year Francis Bacon met Roy de Maistre, an Australian painter who was to become a close friend and mentor. De Maistre's circle included Graham Sutherland, Henry Moore and Douglas Cooper. Graham Vivian Sutherland OM ( August 24, 1903 &ndash February 17, 1980) was an English Artist. Henry Spencer Moore OM CH FBA (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986 was an English artist and sculptor. A second exhibition was held between 4-22 November at 17 Queensberry Mews. Alongside de Maistre and Jean Sheppeard, Bacon showed four paintings and one print. Gouache (1929) may be the piece titled as A Brick Wall in the hand-list. Painting (1929–1930) (probably the work listed as Tree by the Sea) is Bacon's earliest surviving oil painting. Both were bought by Alden. The two other paintings (Self-portrait and Two Brothers) and print (Dark Child in an edition of three) are now lost. Printmaking is the Process of making artworks by Printing, normally on Paper.

Bacon left the Queensberry Mews West studio in 1931, and was not to have a settled space for some years. Bacon probably shared a studio with Roy de Maistre, about 1931/1932, at Carlyle Studios, (just off the Kings Road), in Chelsea. Portrait (1932) and Portrait (c. 1931–1932) (the latter bought by Diana Watson) both show a round-faced youth with diseased skin (painted after Bacon saw Ibsen's Ghosts), and date from a brief stay in a studio on the Fulham Road. In Medicine, a dermatosis is a generic term for disease of the skin. "Ibsen" redirects here For other people named Ibsen see Ibsen (disambiguation. Ghosts (original Norwegian title Gengangere) is a play by the Norwegian Playwright Henrik Ibsen. In 1932, Bacon was commissioned by Gladys MacDermot, an Irish woman who had lived in Australia, to redesign much of the decoration and furniture of her flat at 98 Ridgmount Gardens in Bloomsbury. Bacon recalled that she was 'always filling me up with food'.

In April 1933, he moved to 71 Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea Road from Ebury Street, where de Maistre had his temporary studio). Ebury Street is a street in Belgravia, City of Westminster London The studio there was in a converted garage (like the Queensberry Mews West studio), a friend, the interior designer (and property developer) Arundell Clarke, had had his showroom there before moving on to Mayfair.

Crucifixion (1933)

Douglas Cooper, then curator (and part owner/co-director with Fred Mayor) of the Mayor Gallery, in Cork Street, arranged for one of Bacon's paintings, Women in the Sunlight, to be included a group show in April 1933. Cork Street is a street in Mayfair in the West End of London, England. It was also thanks to Cooper that Bacon's Crucifixion was reproduced in Herbert Read's book Art Now (opposite a 1929 Baigneuse by Picasso — plates 60/61). Sir Herbert Edward Read, DSO, MC (1893&ndash1968 was an English anarchist Poet, and Critic of Literature and The publication was accompanied by an exhibition of the works, in October, at the Mayor Gallery, where Crucifixion was shown as Composition. 1933. Crucifixion was subsequently purchased by Sir Michael Sadler (who, other than friends or relations, was the first to buy a painting), and who also commissioned a second version, Crucifixion (chalk, gouache and pencil), and sent Bacon an x-ray photograph of his own skull, with a request that he paint a portrait from it. Sir Michael Ernest Sadler (born July 3, 1861 - died October 14, 1943) was a British historian Educationalist and university X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. Bacon duly incorporated the x-ray directly into The Crucifixion.

Wound for a Crucifixion

At the start of 1934, with the help of Arundell Clarke, who had just taken over the building, Bacon set up a gallery space in the cellar of Sunderland House, Curzon Street, Mayfair, with plans to deal in his own work and organize his own shows. Curzon Street is located within the exclusive Mayfair district of London. Mayfair is an area of central London, England, within the City of Westminster. In February 1934, Bacon held his first solo show, Paintings by Francis Bacon, of seven of his oil paintings and five or six gouaches, at the new Transition gallery. Gouache, Pronounced "Gouash" (from the Italian guazzo, "water paint splash" or bodycolor (the term preferred by art historians This was to be the only show at the Transition gallery. All but two gouaches of figures in flight (Composition (Figure) (1933) (gouache, pastel and pen and ink on paper) and Composition (Figures) (1933) (gouache, pastel and pen and ink on paper)) purchased by his cousin Diana Watson were afterwards destroyed by Bacon. Among these was the Wound for a Crucifixion, destroyed despite having a prospective purchaser in Eric Alden, and one of a very few that Bacon was to express regret at its loss.

Two studio interiors survive from 1934: Studio Interior (1934) and Corner of the Studio (1934) (purchased by Gladys MacDermot). Interior of a Room survives from circa 1935 (c. 1933 in Alley/Rothenstein).

Bacon visited Paris in 1935, purchasing there a second-hand book on diseases of the mouth containing high quality hand-coloured plates of both open mouths and oral interiors, which both haunted and obsessed him for the remainder of his life. Stomatognathic disease refers to the diseases of the Mouth ("stoma" and Teeth ("gnath" (Bacon had sinus problems since childhood and had undergone an operation on the roof of his mouth at some stage in the mid-1930s. Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces communicating with the nasal cavity within the bones of the Skull and face The palate (ˈpælɨt is the roof of the Mouth in humans and Vertebrate animals The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. ) He also saw, for the first of many times, Eisenstein's The Battleship Potemkin in 1935,^[5] the scene of the nurse screaming on the Odessa steps later becoming a major theme in his paintings, with the angularity of Eisenstein's image often combined with the thick red palette of his recently purchased medical tome. Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн January 23, 1898 &ndash February 11, 1948) was The Battleship Potemkin ( Броненосец «Потёмкин», ru '''''Bronyenosyets Potyomkin''''' sometimes rendered as The Battleship The Potemkin Stairs (Потьомкінські сходи Pot’omkins’ki Skhоdy, Потёмкинская лестница Potemkinskaya lestnitsa) is a giant

In the Winter of 1935-6, Roland Penrose and Herbert Read, making a first selection for the International Surrealist Exhibition (which was to be held in London from 11 June to 4 July 1936), visited his studio at 71 Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea, saw "three or four large canvases including one with a grandfather clock," but found his work "insufficiently surreal to be included in the show. Sir Herbert Edward Read, DSO, MC (1893&ndash1968 was an English anarchist Poet, and Critic of Literature and Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members " Bacon claimed that Penrose had said to him "Mr. Bacon, don't you realize a lot has happened in painting since the Impressionists?" In 1937 (or late in 1936), Bacon moved from 71 Royal Hospital Road to the top floor of 1 Glebe Place, Chelsea, which Eric Hall had rented (and kept until 1943). Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s Patrick White had moved to London, into a small flat in Ebury Street, in 1936, and, on meeting de Maistre in his ground-floor studio there, quickly fell in love with him. Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 — 30 September 1990 was an Australian author who was widely regarded as a major English-language novelist of the 20th century The following year, White moved to the top two floors of the building where de Maistre now had his studio, on Eccleston Street, and commissioned from Bacon, who was by now a friend, a writing desk (with wide drawers and a red linoleum top). White also bought the glass and steel dining table from Rab and Sydney Butler.

Abstraction from the Human Form

In January 1937, at Thomas Agnew and Sons, 43 Old Bond Street, London, Bacon was in a group show, Young British Painters, with Graham Sutherland, John Piper, Victor Pasmore, Ivon Hitchens, Roy de Maistre, Ceri Richards, and Julian Trevelyan. Graham Vivian Sutherland OM ( August 24, 1903 &ndash February 17, 1980) was an English Artist. John Egerton Christmas Piper CH ( December 13, 1903 – June 28, 1992) was a 20th-century English painter and Printmaker Ivon Hitchens ( 3 March 1893 - August 1979 was an English painter who started exhibiting during the 1920s Eric Hall, who was also a friend of Jerry Agnew, organized the show; Agnew's was then known for shows of Old Master paintings. " Old Master " (or " old master " is a term for a European painter of skill who worked before about 1800, or a painting by such

Four works by Bacon were shown: Figures in a Garden (1936), purchased by Diana Watson; Abstraction, and Abstraction from the Human Form, known from magazine photographs (they prefigure Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) in variously having a tripod structure (Abstraction), bared teeth (Abstraction from the Human Form), and both being biomorphic in form); Seated Figure is lost entirely.

Figures in a Garden alone remains of paintings from 1936, however, a small sketch in black ink on lined paper, Biomorphic Drawing, in the collection of the Estate, at the Hugh Lane gallery, which resembles Abstraction (1936), may be a survivor from this year. A sketch (from Ancient Greek σχέδιος - schedios “‘made suddenly off-hand’” from σχεδιάζω - schediazo “‘to do a

A small self-portrait, putatively dated to 1930 and identified with the self-portrait in the hand-list to the Queensberry Mews show, was exhibited at the Fine Arts and Antiques Fair, Olympia, London in 1998; however, it has been claimed on technical grounds that it dates from 1937 onwards (the canvas board on which it was painted was not available until then, although this has been disputed). A Self-portrait is a representation of an artist drawn painted photographed or sculpted by the artist Stylistically, the work fits best around the mid 1930s. The work has an unusual provenance (it was kept by Bacon until 1982 and then given away), but the attribution to Bacon is sound (although a detailed technical analysis remains to be done).

On 1 June 1940 Bacon's father died. Bacon was named sole Trustee and Executor of his father's will, which requested that the funeral be as 'private and simple as possible'. Trustee is a Legal term that refers to a holder of property on behalf of a beneficiary. An executor, in the broadest sense is one who carries something out (in other words one who is responsible for executing a task A funeral is a Ceremony marking a person's Death. Funerary customs comprise the complex of Beliefs and practices used by a Culture to remember

Figure Getting Out of a Car (c. 1939–1940)

Bacon, unfit for active service, volunteered for Civil Defence and worked full-time in the ARP (Air Raid Precautions) rescue service. Civil defense or civil defence (see spelling differences) is an effort to prepare Civilians for Military attack Air Raid Precautions (ARP was an organisation in the United Kingdom set up as an aid in the prelude to the Second World War dedicated But the fine dust of bombed London worsened his asthma and he was discharged. Dust is a general name for minute Solid particles with Diameters less than 500 micrometers. So, at the height of The Blitz, Eric Hall rented a cottage for Bacon and himself at Bedales Lodge, Steep, near Petersfield, Hampshire. The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II. Petersfield is a Market town and Civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England.

Figure Getting Out of a Car (c. 1939 - 1940) was painted here but is known only from an early 1946 photograph taken by Peter Rose Pulham (taken shortly before it was painted over by Bacon and retitled Landscape with Car). An ancestor to the biomorphic form of the central panel of Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944), the composition was suggested by a photograph of Hitler getting out of a car at one of the Nuremberg rallies, (Bacon claims to have "copied the car and not much else. The Nuremberg Rally (officially Reichsparteitag, meaning national party convention was the annual rally of the NSDAP (Nazi Party in the years 1923 to 1938 in ")

Man in a Cap, and Seated Man (recto) / Man Standing (verso) (now separated), both on composition board and from about 1943, are abandoned works. The composition of Man in a Cap derives from a picture of Joseph Goebbels that appeared in Picture Post. Paul Joseph Goebbels (German pronunciation ˈɡœbəls English generally ˈɡɝbəlz (29 October 1897 1 May 1945 was a German politician and Reich Minister of Public Picture Post was a prominent photojournalistic magazine published in the United Kingdom from 1938 to 1957. A photograph of Hitler from the same issue was the basis for Seated Man, and the more roughly painted Man Standing.

The Millais House studio, 7 Cromwell Place: 1943 - 1951

Returning from Hampshire at the latter part of 1943, Bacon and Hall took the ground floor of 7 Cromwell Place, South Kensington, John Everett Millais' old house and studio. Sir John Everett Millais 1st Baronet, PRA ( June 8, 1829 &ndash August 13, 1896) was an English painter High vaulted and north lit, it had had its roof recently bombed - Bacon was able to adapt a large old billiard room at the back of the house as his own studio. A billiard room (also billiards room, pool room, snooker room) is a Recreation room, such as in a house or recreation center with a billiards Nanny Lightfoot, lacking an alternative location, slept on the kitchen table. Illicit roulette parties were held there, organized by Bacon with assistance by Hall, to the financial benefit of both. Roulette is a Casino and Gambling game named after the French word meaning "small wheel"

Now home to the National Art Collections Fund, the Millais house is just a short walk from the Victoria and Albert Museum, holder of a National collection of paintings by John Constable, whose oil sketches were much admired by Bacon. The Art Fund (originally known as The National Art Collections Fund) is an independent membership-based British charity, which raises funds to aid The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection John Constable ( 11 June 1776 &ndash 31 March 1837 It was also at the V&A that Bacon would first discover and study the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge. Eadweard J Muybridge ( April 9, 1830 &ndash May 8, 1904) was an English photographer, known primarily for his early use

The April 1945 show Recent Paintings by Francis Bacon, Frances Hodgkins, Matthew Smith, Henry Moore and Graham Sutherland at the Lefevre gallery (then on New Bond Street, London) had two paintings by Bacon - Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) and Figure in a landscape (1945). Sir Matthew Arnold Bracy Smith (1879 - 1959 was an English painter. Bond Street is a major shopping street in London which runs through Mayfair from Piccadilly in the south to Oxford Street in the north Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion is a 1944 Triptych painted by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon.

Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion

Main article: Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion

Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) is a key precursor to Bacon's later themes: the triptych format, the placement behind glass in heavily gilded frames, the open mouth, and the use of painterly distortion; the Eumenides, or Furies, in the Oresteia of Aeschylus and the theme of the Crucifixion (Figures at the Foot of the Cross was the first attempt at the title). A triptych (pronounced "trip-tick" trip'tik (or US: 'tɹʷɪp Gilding is the art of applying a thin layer of gold simulated gold or other metal to a surface The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the Alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up A distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic of an object image sound waveform or other form of information or representation In Greek mythology the Erinyes (Ἐρινύες pl of Ἐρινύς lit Aeschylus (ˈɛskɨləs or /ˈiːskɨləs/ Greek: Ασχύλος, Aischylos, 525 BC/524 BC 456 BC/455 BC was an ancient Greek Playwright Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from ^[6][7] Completed in oil paint and pastel on Sundeala fibre board within the space of two weeks,^[8] Bacon considered Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) to be the true start to his oeuvre - his masterpiece in the original sense. Masterpiece (or chef d'œuvre) refers to any Work of art that is considered extraordinary Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) was presented to the Tate Gallery by Eric Hall in 1953. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in

Untitled (1944) a variant of the right-hand panel of Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) was shown at Francis Bacon: The Human Body, curated by David Sylvester, at the Hayward Gallery in 1998. The Hayward is an Art gallery within the Southbank Centre, part of an area of major arts venues on the South Bank of the River Thames ^[9] A version of the left-hand panel: Study for a Figure (c. 1944) was among the abandoned pictures in the 1964 catalogue raisonné. A catalogue raisonné is a Monograph giving a comprehensive catalogue of artworks by an Artist.

Figure in a landscape (1945)

A photograph of Eric Hall dozing on a seat in Hyde Park was the basis of the other painting in the Lefevre show, Figure in a landscape (1945) which was bought by Diana Watson and, in 1950, by the Tate Gallery (with the support of Graham Sutherland, then a trustee (1948 – 1954)). Figure in a landscape is a 1945 painting by the Irish born artist Francis Bacon. Hyde Park is one of the largest Parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner Figure in a landscape is a 1945 painting by the Irish born artist Francis Bacon.

Figure Study (1945) was destroyed; Figure Study I and Figure Study II are from 1945 or 1946. Study for Man with Microphones (1946) was shown at the Lefevre gallery, (British Painters Past and Present July - August 1946), and at the Anglo-French Art Centre, (Seventh Exhibition November – December 1946). Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bacon was clearly unhappy with this picture: it was listed as an abandoned work in the 1964 catalogue raisonné, and was passed on to the Estate in 1992 as a slashed canvas. A catalogue raisonné is a Monograph giving a comprehensive catalogue of artworks by an Artist.

At some point in 1947–1948, Bacon returned to make a second version, Study for Man with Microphones (1947-48) (shown February to March 1948 , at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, Contemporary Painters (last (monochrome) plate in the catalogue by James Thrall Soby) as Study for Man with Microphones (1946); and from October to November 1962 in Francis Bacon at the Galleria d'Arte Galatea, Milan as Gorilla with Microphones (1945-46)). The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy.

Crucifixion (1933) (oil on canvas) was shown at the Summer Exhibition (July - September 1946) at the Redfern Gallery, 19/20 Cork Street, London, and bought by Sir Colin Anderson. Cork Street is a street in Mayfair in the West End of London, England.

Painting (1946)

If Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) is Bacon's masterpiece, then Painting (1946) has a good claim to be his Magnum opus. Painting (1946 is an oil-on-linen Painting by the Irish -born artist Francis Bacon. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth Masterpiece (or chef d'œuvre) refers to any Work of art that is considered extraordinary Magnum opus (sometimes Opus magnum, plural magna opera) from the Latin meaning great work, refers to the best the greatest Originally to be a painting of a chimpanzee in long grass (parts of which may be still visible), he then attempted to portray a bird of prey landing in a field. Chimpanzee (often shortened to chimp) is the common name for the two extant Species of Apes in the Genus Pan. Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include Birds of prey are Birds that hunt for food primarily on the wing using their keen senses especially vision Bacon described it as his most unconscious^[10] work - the marks suddenly suggesting this image - at once magnificent and appalling.

FB:"Well, one of the pictures I did in 1946, which was the thing that's in the Museum of Modern Art…"

DS:"The butcher-shop picture. "

FB:"Yes. It came to me as an accident. I was attempting to make a bird alighting on a field. And it may have been bound up in some way with the three forms that had gone before, but suddenly the line that I had drawn suggested something totally different and out of this suggestion arose this picture. I had no intention to do this picture; I never thought of it in that way. It was like one continuous accident mounting on top of another. "

- Excerpt from the October 1962 interview with David Sylvester for the BBC.

Graham Sutherland saw Painting (1946) in the Cromwell Place studio, and urged his dealer, Erica Brausen, then of the Redfern Gallery, to go to see the painting and to buy it. Graham Vivian Sutherland OM ( August 24, 1903 &ndash February 17, 1980) was an English Artist. Brausen wrote to Bacon several times, and visited his studio in early autumn 1946 and promptly bought the work for £200. (Painting (1946) was shown in several group shows including in the British section of Exposition internationale d'arte moderne (18 November - 28 December 1946) at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, for which Bacon travelled to Paris. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement )

Within a fortnight of the sale of Painting (1946) to the Hanover Gallery, with the proceeds, Bacon had decamped from London to Monte Carlo. Monte-Carlo ( Occitan: Montcarles, Monégasque: Monte-Carlu) is one of Monaco 's various administrative areas sometimes erroneously After staying at a succession of hotels and flats, including the Hôtel de Ré, Bacon settled in a large villa, La Frontalière, in the hills above the town. A villa was originally an Upper-class Country house, though since its origins in Roman times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably Eric Hall and Nanny Lightfoot would come to stay. Bacon spent much of the next few years in Monte Carlo, short visits to London apart. From Monte Carlo, Bacon wrote to Graham Sutherland and Erica Brausen. His letters to Erica Brausen show that he did paint there, but no paintings are known to survive.

In 1948, Painting (1946) finally sold to Alfred Barr for the Museum of Modern Art in New York for £240. Alfred Hamilton Barr Jr ( January 2, 1902 &ndash August 15, 1981) known as Alfred H The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth The City of New York Bacon wrote to Sutherland asking that he apply fixative to the patches of pastel on Painting (1946) before it was shipped to New York. Pastel is an Art medium in the form of a stick consisting of pure powdered Pigment and a binder Painting (1946) is now too fragile to be moved from MoMA for exhibition elsewhere.

Head I, Head II - Head VI

Bacon returned to London and Cromwell Place to paint, late in 1948. Head I was shown at the Summer Exhibition at the Redfern gallery from July to September 1948. By the end of 1948 Erica Brausen, who had advanced Bacon money for works, left the Redfern Gallery. Brausen had found private capital to start her own gallery in Mayfair. In the spring, a Bacon painting, presumably Head I, was shown at Erica Brausen's new Hanover Gallery (and was noted by Wyndham Lewis in an exhibition review of 12 May 1949). Percy Wyndham Lewis ( November 18, 1882 &ndash March 7, 1957) was an English painter and Author (he dropped Held between November 8 and December 10 1949 at the Hanover Gallery, Francis Bacon: Paintings; Robert Ironside: Coloured Drawings, was in effect, his first professional one-man show (Robert Ironside's watercolors were on an upper floor). A series of six paintings Head I to Head VI, with Study from the Human Body (1949) and Study for Portrait (1949) formed the core of the show with four other paintings by Bacon.

Bacon's paintings attracted the support of Wyndham Lewis writing in The Spectator: "Head I differs from Head II - Head VI in one important respect: while the first is painted on hardboard and dates from 1948 (or 1947-8), the rest of the series date from 1949 and are painted on the reverse of a (commercially) primed canvas. For other uses see Spectator. The Spectator is a weekly British Magazine first published on 6 July Hardboard, also called high-density fiberboard, is a type of Fiberboard, which is an Engineered wood product Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making Sails Tents Marquees Backpacks and other functions "

"Well, I was living once down in Monte Carlo and I had lost all my money, and, I had no canvases left and so, the few I had I just turned them, and I found that the, that the, what is called the wrong side, the unprimed side of the canvas worked for me very much better. So I've always used them. So it was just by chance that I had no money to buy canvases with. "

- Excerpt from an interview with Melvyn Bragg in Francis Bacon (1985), for the 'South Bank Show' for London Weekend Television. The South Bank Show is an award-winning Television arts magazine show made by London Weekend Television, presented by Melvyn Bragg, broadcast

Head II is, for Bacon, very thickly painted, this was one of very few instances when he had been able to 'rescue' a painting after it had become overworked and the weave of the canvas clogged^[11] (as happened with two abandoned works on canvas from the Head series, from 1949, also in the 1949 Hanover show). The arrow, or pointer, motif in Head II is taken from the book Positioning in Radiography by Kathleen Clara Clark, 1939. In art a motif is a repeated idea pattern image or theme Paisley designs are referred to as motifs For medical radiography see Radiology Radiography is the use of X-rays to view unseen or hard-to-image objects

Head VI was Bacon's first surviving engagement with Velázquez's great Portrait of Pope Innocent X (three 'popes' were painted in Monte Carlo in 1946 but were destroyed). Arts Council England was formed in 1994 when the Arts Council of Great Britain was divided into three separate bodies for England, Scotland and Wales Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez ( June 6, 1599 &ndash August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading Pope Innocent X ( May 6, 1574 &ndash January 7, 1655) born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili) was Pope The Cobalt Violet mozzetta, crimson in Velázquez's painting, may reflect Bacon's use of printed reproductions of the painting. The mozzetta is a short elbow-length cape that covers the shoulders and is buttoned over the breast Bacon later said that, although he admired "the magnificent color" of the Velázquez, Velázquez "wanted to make it as much like a Titian as possible but, in a curious way he cooled Titian". Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian

An article by Robert Melville titled Francis Bacon appeared in the December 1949 – January 1950 issue of Horizon magazine (edited by Cyril Connolly). Robert Melville ( December 31 1905 - March 1986 was an English Art critic and Journalist. Cyril Vernon Connolly ( 10 September 1903 - 26 November 1974) was an English intellectual literary critic and writer Melville placed Bacon in the context of European painting and film, comparing and contrasting his work with that of Picasso, Duchamp, Eisenstein and, in particular, Salvador Dalí and Buñuel's Un Chien Andalou. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн January 23, 1898 &ndash February 11, 1948) was Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Luis Buñuel Portolés (22 February 1900 &ndash 29 July 1983 was a Spanish -born Filmmaker and naturalized Mexican who worked mainly in Mexico Un chien andalou ( An Andalusian Dog) is a 1928 short Surrealist film made in France by two Spanish auteurs the Aragonian The piece, along with Reproductions of Paintings by Francis Bacon, was printed between a short story by James Lord and an essay on the Marquis de Sade by Maurice Blanchot). Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, Marquis de Sade ( June 2, 1740 – December 2, 1814) ( was a French aristocrat Maurice Blanchot ( September 22, 1907  &ndash February 20, 2003) was a French Writer, Philosopher, and

The Colony Room

The Colony Room was a private drinking club at 41 Dean Street, Soho, also known as Muriel's after Muriel Belcher, the formidable proprietor. Muriel Belcher (1908 - 1979 was the founder and proprietress of a private drinking club known as the Colony Room (also known as Muriel's at 41 Dean Street Muriel Belcher (1908 - 1979 was the founder and proprietress of a private drinking club known as the Colony Room (also known as Muriel's at 41 Dean Street Belcher, who had run a club called the Music-box in Leicester Square during the war, had secured a 3pm - 11pm drinking licence for the Colony Room bar as a private-members club (public houses had¨to, by law, close at 2:30pm). For the British guitarist see Lester Square. Leicester Square (ˈlɛstɚ is a Pedestrianised square in the West End World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Bacon was a founding member, and joined the day after its opening in 1948. He was 'adopted' by Belcher as a 'daughter', and was allowed free drinks and £10 a week to bring in friends and rich patrons. It was here that Bacon became friends with Lady Rose McLaren. The Lady Rose Mary Primrose McLaren ( 27 July 1919 &ndash 1 November 2005) was a British aristocrat the fourth daughter of the

Bacon met the painter and illustrator John Minton in 1948. Francis John Minton ( 25 December 1917 &ndash 20 January 1957) was a British painter and illustrator of landscapes portraits and figures Minton was soon to become a regular at 'Muriel's, as were the painters Lucian Freud, Frank Auerbach, Timothy Behrens, Michael Andrews, the two Roberts, Colquhoun and MacBride, and above all the sometime Vogue photographer, John Deakin. Lucian Michael Freud, OM, CH (born 8 December 1922 is a British painter of German Origin Frank Helmut Auerbach (born April 29, 1931) is a German -born British painter. Michael Andrews ( 30 October 1928 &ndash 19 July 1995) was a British painter Vogue is a Fashion and lifestyle Magazine published in eighteen countries by Condé Nast Publications. John Deakin (1912&ndash1972 was an English portrait photographer best known for his work centered around members of Francis Bacon's Soho inner circle In 1950, Bacon met the art critic David Sylvester, then best known for his writing on Henry Moore and praise for Alberto Giacometti's work. Anthony David Bernard Sylvester CBE, ( 21 September 1924; London &ndash 19 June 2001; London was a British art critic and curator Henry Spencer Moore OM CH FBA (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986 was an English artist and sculptor. Alberto Giacometti ( October 10, 1901 – January 11, 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman, Sylvester had admired and written about his work (first writing about Bacon for a French periodical, L'Age nouveau, in 1948) but had erroneously perceived it to be a form of Expressionism. Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an Emotional effect it is a subjective art form Head I, in particular, at the 1949 Hanover Gallery show, was, for Sylvester, proof of Bacon's importance as a painter. John Minton left for the West Indies in September 1950. Aware that Bacon was in need of money, Minton asked him to take over his post as a tutor at the school of painting at the Royal College of Art. The Royal College of Art ( RCA) is a University in London, England. On condition that he did no formal teaching, Bacon agreed. So for three months, he was on hand to talk to the students for two days a week.

Painting (1950) and Fragment of a Crucifixion (1950) were among the works shown at Francis Bacon: Recent Paintings; Hilly: Paintings, at the Hanover gallery, 14 September - 21 October 1950. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Also Study for Figure (1950) (destroyed) and Man at a Curtain (1949) - an abandoned work.

Study after Velázquez

This series of three paintings after Velázquez were painted for the September 1950 Hanover gallery exhibition. The exhibition was advertised as Francis Bacon: Three Studies from the Painting of Innocent X by Velázquez but the series was withdrawn before the start of the show by Bacon. In November 1950, after Bacon had gone off to South Africa, the Hanover gallery offered on his behalf Study after Velázquez (1950) to the Arts Council, for the Festival of Britain show Sixty Paintings for '51. The Arts Council of Great Britain was a Non-departmental public body dedicated to the promotion of the Fine arts in Great Britain. The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition which opened in London and around Britain in May 1951 On his return in May, Bacon again withdrew the painting before it was shown, although it is in the catalogue to the exhibition. Study after Velázquez (1950) and Study after Velázquez II (1950) were sent to his art supplier for the frames and stretchers to be reused. Bacon apparently believed them destroyed.

Study after Velázquez (1950) and Study after Velázquez II (1950) were rediscovered carefully rolled-up at Bacon's art supplier in September 1998 (and shown at the Tony Shafrazi gallery). Study after Velázquez II (1950) (also known as Untitled (Pope) (1950)) is an abandoned work. Study after Velázquez III (1950) is destroyed (but was photographed). In January 1951 Bacon was featured in World Review in The Iconoclasm of Francis Bacon by Robert Melville (describing Study after Velázquez (1950) seen at the studio and on the destruction of the three paintings in the series of studies after Velázquez; Fragment of a Crucifixion (1950) and Man at a Curtain (1949) are shown in monochrome).

Study for Nude Figures (1950) (also known as Untitled (Crouching Figure) (1950)), and Figure in Frame (1950) (also known as Untitled (figure) (1950-1)), were among the abandoned paintings found in storage after the painter's death. Figure in Frame (1950), in particular, is a compellingly beautiful wreck, with thin dry-brushed paint on raw linen over a spectral smear and scrapes of oil paint.

By 1950, Bacon's affair with Eric Hall had come to an end - he no longer appears on the electoral register with Bacon and Jessie Lightfoot at 7 Cromwell Place - but he was to remain a loyal patron, friend and supporter. During November 1950, Bacon visited his mother in South Africa. This suited his asthma better than spending winter in London. Bacon was impressed by the African landscapes and wildlife, and took photographs in Kruger National Park. Kruger National Park is the largest Game reserve in South Africa. On his return journey he spent a few days in Cairo, and wrote to Erica Brausen of his intent to visit Karnak and Luxor, and then go via Alexandria to Marseilles. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The Karnak temple complex, universally known only as Karnak, describes a vast conglomeration of ruined temples chapels pylons and other buildings Luxor (in Arabic: الأقصر al-Uqṣur) is a city in Upper (southern Egypt and the capital of Luxor Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ The visit confirmed his belief in the supremacy of Egyptian art, embodied by the Sphinx. The Great Sphinx of Giza (أبو الهول "The Father of Fear" is a half-human half-lion Sphinx statue in Egypt, on the Giza Plateau at the He returned in the Spring of 1951.

On 30 April 1951 Jessie Lightfoot, Bacon's old nurse, died at Cromwell Place. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Bacon was gambling in Nice when he learnt of her death. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Lightfoot was Bacon's closest companion and had joined him in London on his return from Paris, and had lived with him and Eric Alden at Queensberry Mews West, and with him and Eric Hall at the cottage near Petersfield, in Monte Carlo and at Cromwell Place. Stricken Bacon sold the 7 Cromwell Place apartment.

After 7 Cromwell Place 1951 - 1953

Bacon took a place in Carlyle Studios Chelsea near the King's Road and, for a time, Bacon worked at the Royal College of Art, in a studio lent by Rodrigo Moynihan. The Kings Road is a major well-known street in west London, England. The Royal College of Art ( RCA) is a University in London, England. Head (1951), Figure with Monkey (1951), Study for Nude (1951), Portrait of Lucian Freud (1951), and a series of three popes Pope I (1951), Pope II (1951) and Pope III (1951) were shown at Francis Bacon at the Hanover gallery December 1951 - February 1952. Lucian Michael Freud, OM, CH (born 8 December 1922 is a British painter of German Origin Study for Nude (1951), which relates in form to Study for Nude Figures (1950), is one of very few paintings by Bacon for which a sketch for the composition survives (in Chinese ink over a photograph in a 1920s Naturist book Man and Sunlight by Hans Surén). Naturism or nudism is a cultural and Political movement advocating and defending social Nudity in private and in public. Portrait of Lucian Freud (1951) is based on a photograph of Kafka printed as the frontispiece to Max Brod's Franz Kafka: eine Biographie Prague: 1937. Lucian Michael Freud, OM, CH (born 8 December 1922 is a British painter of German Origin

Pope II (1951) was actually painted first in the 1951 series of three popes (P. II, P. I, P. III) based not so much on Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X, but on a photograph of Pope Pius XII being carried on a sedia gestatoria through a fan vaulted room in the Vatican. Pope The sedia gestatoria is the portable Throne on which Popes were once carried Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory (The series was hung as a triptych at the 1962 Tate retrospective. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in ) The January 1952 Magazine of Art article by Sam Hunter: Francis Bacon: The Anatomy of Horror, places Bacon in a British context, of Sutherland, Wyndham Lewis and Sickert (and even, in passing, Aubrey Beardsley). Graham Vivian Sutherland OM ( August 24, 1903 &ndash February 17, 1980) was an English Artist. Percy Wyndham Lewis ( November 18, 1882 &ndash March 7, 1957) was an English painter and Author (he dropped Walter Richard Sickert ( May 31, 1860 in Munich, Germany &ndash January 22, 1942 in Bath, England Aubrey Vincent Beardsley ( August 21, 1872 &ndash March 16, 1898) was an influential English The article also reproduced two photographs Hunter had taken, in the Summer of 1950, of Bacon's photographic source material; Hunter had found the tables of the 7 Cromwell Place studio littered with newspaper clippings, magazine illustrations and reproductions torn from art books, he had arranged them to put the most images in frame and photographed them in situ.

Later life

Main article: Triptych, May-June 1973

In 1964, Bacon began a relationship with 39-year-old Eastender George Dyer, whom he met, he claimed, while the latter was burgling his apartment. Triptych May–June 1973 is a Triptych completed in 1973 by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon (1909–1992 A petty criminal with a history of borstal and prison, Dyer was a somewhat tortured individual, insecure, alcoholic, appearance obsessed and never really fitting in within the bohemian set surrounding Francis. In the United Kingdom, a borstal was a specific kind of youth prison run by the Prison Service and intended to reform seriously Delinquent young people The relationship was stormy and in 1971, on the eve of Bacon's major retrospective at the Paris Grand Palais, Dyer committed suicide in the hotel room they were sharing, overdosing on barbiturates. The Grand Palais ("Grand Palace" is a large glass Exhibition hall that was built for the Paris Exhibition of 1900. Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system Depressants and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects from mild Sedation The event was recorded in Bacon's 1973 masterpiece Triptych, May-June 1973. Triptych May–June 1973 is a Triptych completed in 1973 by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon (1909–1992 In 1974, Bacon met John Edwards, a young, illiterate, Eastender with whom he formed one of his most enduring friendships.

Bacon died of a heart attack on April 28, 1992, in Madrid, Spain. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. He bequeathed his entire estate (then valued at £11 million) to John Edwards. Edwards, in turn, donated the contents of Francis Bacon's chaotic studio at 7 Reece Mews, South Kensington, to the Hugh Lane gallery in Dublin. South Kensington is a district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Bacon's studio contents were moved and the studio carefully reconstructed in the gallery. Additionally draft materials, perhaps intended for destruction, were according to Canadian Barry Joule bequeathed to Joule who later forwarded most of the materials to create the Barry Joule Archive in Dublin with other parts of the collection given later to the Tate museum.

Bacon's Soho life was portrayed by John Maybury, with Derek Jacobi as Bacon and Daniel Craig as George Dyer (and with Tilda Swinton as Muriel Belcher), in the film Love is the Devil (1998), based on Daniel Farson's 1993 biography The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon. Sir Derek George Jacobi CBE (ˈdʒækəbi born 22 October, 1938) is an English Actor and Film director, knighted Daniel Wroughton Craig (born 2 March 1968 is an English Actor. Katherine Matilda "Tilda" Swinton (born 5 November 1960 is an Academy Award - BAFTA - BAFTA Scotland - and Coppa Volpi award-winning Love Is the Devil Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon is a 1998 film made for television by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

Record sales of work

On May 14, 2008, the Triptych, 1976, “a landmark of the 20th-century canon,” sold at Sotheby's contemporary art sale for €55,465 million ($86. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the 28 million), a record for the artist at auction. Sold by the Moueix family, producers of Château Pétrus wines,^[12] it was bought by the Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich. Établissements Jean-Pierre Moueix, or JP Moueix, is a Bordeaux Négociant house founded by Jean-Pierre Moueix in 1937 situated on the Quai Pétrus is a red Bordeaux wine of the Pomerol appellation made almost entirely from the Merlot Grape. Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (rɐˈman ɐrˈkadʲjevʲɪtɕ ɐbrɐˈmovʲɪtɕ Рома́н Арка́дьевич Абрамо́вич born on 24 October 1966 ^[13] The sale broke the 2007 record for his work of €34,212 million ($52. 68 million). The triptych had remained in the same European collection since its 1977 purchase from a London gallery. ^[14]

Notes

Further reading

• Archimbaud, Michel (1994) Francis Bacon: The Final Vision New York: Phaidon Press ISBN 0-7148-2983-8
• Baldassari, Anne (2005) Bacon-Picasso: The Life of Images London: Flammarion ISBN 2-08-030486-0
• Brighton, Andrew (2001) Francis Bacon London: Tate Publishing Ltd ISBN 1-85437-307-2
• Cappock, Margarita (2005) Francis Bacon's Studio London: Merrell Publishers Ltd ISBN 1-85894-276-4
• Deleuze, Gilles (2004) Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation London: Continuum International Publishing Group - Mansell ISBN 0-8264-7318-0
• Domino, Christophe (1997) Francis Bacon London: Thames and Hudson Ltd ISBN 0-500-30076-3
• Edwards, John (2001) 7 Reece Mews: Francis Bacon's Studio London: Thames & Hudson Ltd ISBN 0-500-51034-2
• Farson, Daniel (1994) The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon London: Vintage ISBN 0-09-930781-2
• Gale, Matthew; Sylvester David (1999) Francis Bacon: Working on Paper London: Tate Publishing Ltd ISBN 1-85437-280-7
• Hammer, Martin (2005) Bacon and Sutherland Boston: Yale University Press ISBN 0-300-10796-X
• Hammer, Martin (2005) Francis Bacon: Portraits and Heads Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland ISBN 1-903278-66-X
• Harrison, Martin (March 2005) In Camera, Francis Bacon: Photography, Film and the Practice of Painting London: Thames & Hudson Ltd ISBN 0-500-23820-0
• Hunter, Sam; Peppiatt, Michael; Sylvester, David (1998) Francis Bacon: Important Paintings from the Estate New York: Tony Shafrazi gallery ISBN 1-891475-16-9
• Kundera, Milan; Borel, France (1996) Bacon: Portraits and Self-portraits London: Thames & Hudson Ltd ISBN 0-500-09266-4
• Peppiatt, Michael (1996) Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson ISBN 0-297-81616-0
• Peppiatt, Michael (2006) Francis Bacon in the 1950s London: Yale University Press ISBN 0-300-12192-X
• Rothenstein, John (introduction); Alley, Ronald (Catalogue raisonnè and documentation) (1964) Francis Bacon London: Thames and Hudson Ltd
• Russell, John (1993) Francis Bacon London: Thames and Hudson Ltd ISBN 0-500-20271-0
• Schmied, Wieland (2006) Francis Bacon: Commitment and Conflict London: Prestel Verlag ISBN 3-7913-3472-7
• Sinclair, Andrew Francis (1994) Bacon: His Life and Violent Times. London, Sinclair Stevenson, 1993; New York, Crown
• Steffen, Barbara; Bryson, Norman (2004) Francis Bacon and the Tradition of Art Zurich: Skira Editore ISBN 88-8491-721-2
• Sylvester, David (1975, 1980, 1987) Interviews with Francis Bacon (revised edition 1993) London: Thames & Hudson ISBN 0-500-27475-4
• Sylvester, David (2000) Looking Back at Francis Bacon London: Thames & Hudson Ltd ISBN 0-500-01994-0
• Sylvester, David (1998) Francis Bacon: The Human Body London: Hayward Gallery ISBN 1-85332-175-3
• Sylvester, David (1996, 1997, 2002) About Modern Art: Critical Essays 1948-2000 revised edition, London: Pimlico ISBN 0-7126-0563-0
• Todoli, Vincente (2003) Francis Bacon: Caged. Uncaged. Lisbon: Fundacao De Serralves ISBN 972-739-109-5
• Van Alphen, Ernst (1992) Francis Bacon and the Loss of Self London: Reaktion Books ISBN 0-948462-34-5
• Zweite, Armin (2006) Francis Bacon: The Violence of the Real London: Thames and Hudson Ltd ISBN 0-500-09335-0

External links

• The Francis Bacon Series
• Francis Bacon "Detritus" Book
• Bacon featured on an Emmy Award winning South Bank Show from 1985
• Documentary about Bacon and his views

Select work

• Biomorphic Drawing (1930s)
• Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944)
• Figure in a landscape (1945)
• Figure Study I (1945) (NG Scotland)
• Painting (1946)
• Head VI (1949)
• Study from the Human Body (1949) (NG Victoria)
• Study for Crouching Nude (1952)
• Man with Dog (1953)
• Study of a Baboon (1953) (MoMA)
• Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X (1953)
• Study for Portrait VI (1953) (MIA)
• Two Figures in the Grass (1954)
• Figure with Meat (1954)
• Figures in a Landscape (1956-7)
• Study for Portrait of P.L., no. 2 (1957) (Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts)
• Three Studies for a Crucifixion (March 1962)(Guggenheim)
• Portrait of Man with Glasses III (1963)
• Portrait of George Dyer in a Mirror (1968)
• Self-Portrait (1971)
• Study for Portrait of Lucian Freud (sideways) (August 1971)
• Triptych, May-June 1973 (1973), Private Collection, New York
• Two Figures with a Monkey (1973) (Museo Rufino Tamayo)
• Study for Portrait (Michel Leiris) (1978)
• Sphinx - Portrait of Muriel Belcher (1979)
• Three Studies for a Self-Portrait (1983) Honolulu Academy of Arts
• Triptych (1991)

Sites

• Francis Bacon Image Gallery Extensive site with biography, images, and quotes
• The Francis Bacon Estate
• Tate Collection
• Tribute and 35 great links! Biography, images, audio interviews, poetry & film. Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion is a 1944 Triptych painted by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. Figure in a landscape is a 1945 painting by the Irish born artist Francis Bacon. Painting (1946 is an oil-on-linen Painting by the Irish -born artist Francis Bacon. Study for Crouching Nude is a 1952 painting by the Irish born artist Francis Bacon. Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X 1953 is a painting by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. Figure with Meat is a 1954 painting by the Irish born artist Francis Bacon. Triptych May–June 1973 is a Triptych completed in 1973 by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon (1909–1992 The Museo Rufino Tamayo is an Art Museum in the city of Oaxaca Oaxaca, in southern Mexico. The Honolulu Academy of Arts was chartered in 1922 by Anna Rice Cooke (Mrs
• ArtQuotes.net Bacon Quotes Collection of art quotes and profile of the artist
• Francis Bacon gallery at MuseumSyndicate

News and reviews

• £9.5m Bacon out of Tate's reach - The Guardian - May 28, 2004
• Friend who inherited Bacon's £11m fortune went on 11-year spending spree - The Guardian - August 31, 2004. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
• Bacon triptych emerges from Tehran storeroom - The Guardian - June 18, 2005
• Reviews of the exhibition Francis Bacon: Portraits and Heads, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh, August-September 2005:
  • A fresh side of Bacon - The Daily Telegraph - June 22, 2005 (with picture gallery)
  • Face to face with Bacon - The Observer - August 7, 2005
  • The Beast Within - The Guardian - August 9, 2005
• Bacon self-portrait on auction in 'Miss B's' collection - The Guardian, October 14, 2005
• Sale of 45 Francis Bacon pieces at Ewbank Auctions, Surrey, 24 April 2007

Persondata
NAME	Bacon, Francis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Painter
DATE OF BIRTH	28 October 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH	Dublin, Ireland
DATE OF DEATH	28 April 1992
PLACE OF DEATH	Madrid, Spain

The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also National Galleries of Scotland For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

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