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Francois Étienne de Kellermann, 2nd Duc de Valmy (August 4, 1770 - June 2, 1835) was a French cavalry general noted for his daring and skillful exploits during the Napoleonic Wars. Valmy is a village and commune in the Sainte-Menehould arrondissement of the Marne département in Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions He was the son of François Christophe de Kellermann and the father of the diplomat François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann. François Christophe Kellermann or de Kellermann 1st Duc de Valmy (28 May 1735 - 23 September 1820) was Marshal of France during François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann, 3rd Duc de Valmy (1802-1868 was a French statesman diplomat in the July Monarchy, and a Historian

Contents

Early life and French Revolutionary Wars

Born in Metz, Kellerman served for a short time in his father's regiment of Hussars before entering the diplomatic service in 1791. Metz (mɛs in French) is a city in the northeast of France, capital of the Lorraine région and Préfecture Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1793 he again joined the army, serving chiefly under his father's command in the Alps, and rising in 1796 to the rank of chef de brigade. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In the latter part of Bonaparte's celebrated Italian campaign of 1796-1797 the younger Kellermann attracted the future emperor's notice by his brilliant conduct at the forcing of the Tagliamento. Bonaparte is a French family name of Italian origin Originally Buonaparte, this family claims numerous influential descendents including Corsican Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Tagliamento River is a Braided river in north-east Italy flowing from the Alps to the Adriatic Sea at a point between Trieste and He was made general of brigade immediately, and continued in Italy after the Peace of Campo Formio, being employed successively in the armies of Rome and Naples under Macdonald and Championnet. The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 (26 Vendémiaire Year VI of the French Republic by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig Jean Étienne Vachier called Championnet ( 1762 - January 9, 1800) French general enlisted in the army at an early age and served in the

At the Battle of Marengo (1800), he commanded a heavy cavalry brigade under the First Consul and he initiated and carried out one of the most famous cavalry charges of history, which, with Desaix's infantry attack, regained the lost battle and decided the issue of the war. In the Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 between French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces near the city of Alessandria Louis Charles Antoine Desaix ( August 17, 1768 - June 14, 1800) was a French General and military leader On this occasion, Kellermann's depleted cavalry brigade, joined by a few squadrons of dragoons and other elements, in a perfectly timed charge, rode down three Austrian grenadier battalions. Then, he rapidly reformed his troopers, charged and routed an Austrian dragoon regiment. The dragoons stampeded through the Austrian array, causing a general rout. [1]

He was promoted general of division at once, but as early as the evening of the battle he resented what he thought to be an attempt to belittle his exploit. A heated controversy followed as to the influence of Kellermann's charge on the course of the battle, and in this controversy he displayed neither tact nor forbearance. However, his merits were too great for his career to be ruined either by his conduct in the dispute or by the frequent scandals, and even by the frauds, of his private life.

Napoleonic Wars

Unlike his father's, his title to fame did not rest on one fortunate opportunity. Though not the most famous, he was perhaps the ablest of all Napoleon's cavalry leaders, and distinguished himself at the Battle of Austerlitz in command of a light cavalry division on the left flank. The Battle of Austerlitz (Bitva u Slavkova also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of Napoleon's greatest victories effectively destroying the In Portugal under Jean-Andoche Junot, Kellermann led the grenadier reserve at the Battle of Vimeiro and used his considerable diplomatic skills in negotiating the Convention of Cintra. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Jean-Andoche Junot, 1st Duc d' Abrantès ( October 23, 1771 &ndash July 29, 1813) was a French General In the Battle of Vimeiro ( August 21 1808) the British under General Arthur Wellesley defeated the French under Major-General The Convention of Sintra (or Cintra was an agreement signed on August 30, 1808 during the Peninsular War. At the Battle of Alba de Tormes on November 28, 1809, he led 3,000 troopers in a brilliant cavalry charge that routed Duke Del Parque's Spanish army. In the Battle of Alba de Tormes, fought on November 26, 1809, a French army commanded by Major General Jean Marchand attacked and routed Lieutenant-General [2] He served with distinction on other occasions in the Peninsular War. The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence pitted an alliance of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal against France His rapacity was more than ever notorious in Spain, yet Napoleon met his unconvincing excuses with the words, "General, whenever your name is brought before me, I think of nothing but Marengo. "

He was on sick leave during the Russian expedition of 1812, but in 1813 and 1814 his skill and leading were as conspicuous as ever. The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. He retained his rank under the first Restoration, but joined Napoleon during the Hundred Days, and commanded the III Cavalry Corps in the Waterloo campaign. The Hundred Days was the period between Napoleon Bonaparte 's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the restoration

He led his squadrons in a famous cavalry charge at the Battle of Quatre Bras on June 16, 1815. Cavalry charge redirects here For the football tactic see Cavalry charge (football. The Battle of Quatre Bras, between Wellington's Anglo-Dutch army and the left wing of the Armée du Nord under Marshal Michel Ney, was fought Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In this action, Kellermann was peremptorily ordered by Marshal Michel Ney to make a frontal charge on the Anglo-Allied line with the 770 troopers of Guiton's cuirassier brigade. Michel Ney, 1st Duc d' Elchingen, 1st Prince de la Moskowa ( January 10 1769 &ndash December 7 1815 Against cavalry doctrine, Kellermann called for an immediate gallop so that his men would not see how badly they were outnumbered. In four separate charges, the 8th and 11th Cuirassiers broke the 69th Foot and captured a color, scattered a Hanoverian battalion and sent the 33rd and 73rd Foot fleeing for the safety of a nearby wood. The 69th (South Lincolnshire Regiment of Foot was an Infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in 1758 and amalgamated into The Welsh Regiment in 1881 The 33rd Regiment of Foot was an Infantry Regiment of the British Army. The 73rd Regiment of Foot also known as MacLeod's Highlanders after its founder Lord MacLeod, was an infantry regiment of the British Army. The horsemen briefly seized the crucial crossroads, but the odds were too great. Unhorsed, Kellermann narrowly escaped by holding onto the stirrup of one of his cavalrymen. [3]

At Waterloo, he was wounded. In the Battle of Waterloo (Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo Belgium Initially, Kellermann's two divisions were deployed in support of the infantry in the left center of the line. Early on, cuiassiers -- either Kellermann's or Milhaud's -- destroyed a carelessly deployed Hanoverian infantry battalion. Édouard Jean-Baptiste Milhaud ( 10 July 1766 - 8 January 1833) was a French politician général d’Empire, and In the afternoon, Ney sent the III Cavalry Corps into a mass attack against the British infantry squares between Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte. At some time in the late afternoon, cuirassiers -- possibly Kellermann's -- rode down the 5th and 8th King's German Legion battalions. But the futile and repeated charges against the main Allied line failed to break a single square and used up the magnificent French cavalry.

Kellermann was disgraced at the second Restoration, and, on succeeding to his father's title and seat in the Chamber of Peers in 1820, at once took up and maintained till the fall of Charles X in 1830 an attitude of determined opposition to the Bourbons. Peerage of France (Pairie de France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated He died on 2 June, 1835. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ Arnold, p 179-181
  2. ^ Smith, p 336
  3. ^ Balkoski, p 9
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