Fragmentalism is a term used to describe metaphysical positions such as philosophical realism, which hold that the world consists of individual and independent objects. Metaphysics is the branch of Philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science Contemporary philosophical realism is the belief in a Reality that is completely Ontologically independent of our conceptual schemes linguistic practices beliefs [1] The term fragmentalism is frequently used in a pejorative sense to describe reductionism, which is an argument that the world is indeed composed of separable parts, and that it is knowable through the study of these components. Words and phrases are pejorative if they imply disapproval or contempt Reductionism can either mean (a an approach to understanding the nature of complex things by reducing them to the interactions of their parts or to simpler or more fundamental things Fragmentalism has also been defined as the notion that knowledge is a growing collection of substantiated facts or "nuggets of truth. "[2] Anti-realists use the term fragmentalism in arguments that the world does not exist of separable entities, instead consisting of wholes. In Philosophy, the term anti-realism is used to describe anyposition involving either the denial of an objective Reality of Entities of a certain An entity is something that has a distinct separate Existence, though it need not be a material existence For example, advocates of this position declare that:
The linear deterministic approach to nature and technology promoted a fragmented perception of reality, and a loss of the ability to foresee, to adequately evaluate, in all their complexity, global crises in ecology, civilization and education. [3]
This term is usually applied to reductionist modes of thought, frequently with the related pejorative term of scientism. Reductionism can either mean (a an approach to understanding the nature of complex things by reducing them to the interactions of their parts or to simpler or more fundamental things The term scientism can be used as a neutral term to describe the view that Natural science has authority over all other interpretations of life such as philosophical This usage is popular amongst some ecological activists:
There is a need now to move away from scientism and the ideology of cause-and-effect determinism toward a radical empiricism, such as William James proposed, as an epistemology of science. The term scientism can be used as a neutral term to describe the view that Natural science has authority over all other interpretations of life such as philosophical In Philosophy, empiricism is a theory of Knowledge which asserts that knowledge arises from Experience. For other people named William James see William James (disambiguation William James (January 11 1842 – August 26 1910 was a pioneering Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, " Logos " or theory of knowledge [4]
These perspectives are not new and in the early twentieth century, William James noted that rationalist science emphasized what he termed fragmentation and disconnection. For other people named William James see William James (disambiguation William James (January 11 1842 – August 26 1910 was a pioneering [5] Such anti-realist rhetoric also underpins many criticisms of the scientific method:
The scientific method only acknowledges monophasic consciousness. The method is a specialized system that focuses on studying small and distinctive parts in isolation, which results in fragmented knowledge. [5]
An alternative usage of this term is in cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology is a branch of Psychology that investigates internal mental processes such as problem solving memory and language Here, George Kelly developed "constructive alternativism" as a form of personal construct psychology, this provided an alternative to what he saw as "accumulative fragmentalism". George Kelly ( April 28, 1905 – March 6, 1967) was an American Psychologist, therapist and educator, best known In this theory, knowledge is seen as the construction of successful mental models of the exterior world, rather than the accumulation of independent "nuggets of truth". [6]
Notes
- ^ Kukla A (1996). "Antirealist Explanations of the Success of Science". Philosophy of Science 63 (1): S298–S305. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Pope ML (1982). "Personal construction of formal knowledge". Interchange 13 (4): 3–14. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Anatoly P. Liferov, Global Education as a Trend Reflecting the Problems of Today and Meeting the Requirements of Tomorrow http://www.indiana.edu/~isre/NEWSLETTER/vol6no2/global.htm
- ^ Yunkaporta on Kakkib and Oneness, Tyson Yunkaporta, Friday, January 05, 2007 http://bioregionalanimism.blogspot.com/
- ^ a b Tara W. Lumpkin, Perceptual Diversity: Is Polyphasic Consciousness Necessary for Global Survival? December 28, 2006, http://bioregionalanimism.blogspot.com
- ^ Pope ML and Watts M (1988). "Constructivist goggles: implications for process in teaching and learning physics". Eur. J. Physics 9: 101–109. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
External links
- Maureen L Pope, Personal construction of formal knowledge, Humanities Social Science and Law, 13. 4, December, 1982, pp. 3-14
- Tara W. Lumpkin, Perceptual Diversity: Is Polyphasic Consciousness Necessary for Global Survival? December 28, 2006, http://bioregionalanimism.blogspot.com/
- Vandana Shiva, 1995, Monocultures, Monopolies and the Masculinisation of Knowledge. International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Reports: Gender Equity. 23:15-17 http://idrinfo.idrc.ca/archive/ReportsINTRA/pdfs/v23n2e/109174.htm
- The Anti-Realist Side of the Debate: A Theory's Predictive Success does not Warrant Belief in the Unobservable Entities it Postulates Andre Kukla and Joel Walmsley.
See also
Holism in science, or Holistic science, is an approach to Research that emphasizes the study of Complex systems. Antireductionism is a reaction against Reductionism, which instead advocates Holism. Antiscience is a position critical of Science and the Scientific method. Reductionism can either mean (a an approach to understanding the nature of complex things by reducing them to the interactions of their parts or to simpler or more fundamental thingsDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic