| Galloanserans Fossil range: Campanian - Recent |
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The birds referred to as fowl belong to one of two orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes). The Campanian is a stage on the Geologic time scale occurring from 83 The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Modern birds (subclass Neornithes) are the members of class Aves that have survived into recent times and have coexisted with Humans Modern birds are Neognaths ( Neognathae) are Birds within the Subclass Neornithes of the class Aves. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used Galliformes are an order of Birds containing turkeys, Grouse, Chickens Quails and Pheasants More than 250 The order Anseriformes contains about 150 living Species of Birds in three extant families the Anhimidae (the screamers Anseranatidae Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used Galliformes are an order of Birds containing turkeys, Grouse, Chickens Quails and Pheasants More than 250 The order Anseriformes contains about 150 living Species of Birds in three extant families the Anhimidae (the screamers Anseranatidae Interestingly, studies of anatomical and molecular similarities suggest these two groups were close evolutionary relatives; together, they form the fowl clade which is scientifically known as Galloanserae. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor [1] This clade has been supported by Retrotransposon presence/absence data as well. Retrotransposons (also called transposons via RNA intermediates are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in a Genome and are ubiquitous components of the Retrotransposon markers are Retrotransposons that are used as cladistic markers [2]
"Poultry", on the other hand, is a term for any kind of domesticated bird or bird captive-raised for meat or eggs; ostriches for example are sometimes kept as poultry, but are neither gamefowl nor waterfowl. Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or Domestication (from Latin domesticus) refers to the process whereby a Population of Animals The Ostrich ( Struthio camelus) is a large Flightless bird native to Africa (and formerly the Middle East) In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is however often used near-synonymously with "poultry" or even "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl". Nonetheless, the fact that Galliformes and Anseriformes most likely form a monophyletic group makes a distinction between "fowl" and "poultry" warranted. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor
Many birds that are eaten by humans are fowl, including poultry such as chickens or turkeys, game birds such as pheasants or partridges, other wildfowl like guineafowl or peafowl, and waterfowl such as ducks or geese. Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America. Game is any Animal hunted for Food or not normally domesticated (such as Venison) Pheasants are a group of large Birds in the order Galliformes. Partridges are Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae. They are a non-migratory Old World group The guineafowl (sometimes called guineahen are a family of birds in the same order as the Pheasants turkeys and other game birds and is native to The term peafowl refers to Gallinaceous Birds classified within the genera Rheinardia Argusianus Afropavoand Pavo See also UK Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust USA Ducks Unlimited For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. Goose (plural geese) is the English name for a considerable number of Birds belonging to the family Anatidae.
Fowl were the first neognathe lineages to evolve. Neognaths ( Neognathae) are Birds within the Subclass Neornithes of the class Aves. From the limited fossils that have to date been recovered, the conclusion that they were already widespread - indeed the predominant group of modern birds - by end of the Cretaceous is generally accepted nowadays. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of Fossils such as Vegavis indicate that essentially modern waterfowl - albeit belonging to a nowadays extinct lineage - were contemporaries of the (non-avian) dinosaurs. Vegavis is a Genus of extinct Bird that lived during the Late Cretaceous ( Maastrichtian stage of Antarctica, some In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. As opposed to the morphologically fairly conservative Galliformes, the Anseriformes have adapted to filter-feeding and are characterized by a large number of autapomorphies related to this lifestyle. The term morphology in Biology refers to the outward appearance ( Shape, Structure, Colour, Pattern) of an Organism An autapomorphy in Cladistics is a derived trait that is unique to a given terminal group The extremely advanced feeding systems of the Anseriformes, together with similarities of the early anseriform Presbyornis to shorebirds, had formerly prompted some scientists to ally Anseriformes with Charadriiformes instead[3][4] (see also "Graculavidae"). Presbyornis is an extinct genus of Waders, called shorebirds in North America (where "wader" is used to refer to long-legged wading Birds such as Storks and Charadriiformes is a diverse order of small to medium-large Birds It includes about 350 Species and has members in all parts of the world However, strong support for the Galloanserae has emerged in more recent studies based on new molecular and morphological analyses; the fowl clade continues to be accepted as a genuine evolutionary lineage by the vast majority of scientists. [5]
See also
- Critique of Galloanseres monophyly at EvoWiki.
References
- ^ Sibley, C. G. , Ahlquist, J. E. & Monroe, B. L. (1988). "A classification of the living birds of the world based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies. " Auk, 105: 409-423.
- ^ Jan Ole Kriegs, Andreas Matzke, Gennady Churakov, Andrej Kuritzin, Gerald Mayr, Juergen Brosius and Juergen Schmitz (2007). "Waves of genomic hitchhikers shed light on the evolution of gamebirds (Aves: Galliformes). " BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7: 190 (open access).
- ^ Benson, D. (1999). "Presbyornis isoni and other late Paleocene birds from North Dakota. " In: Olson, S. L. (ed. ), Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89: 253-266
- ^ Feduccia, A. (1999). The Origin and Evolution of Birds, Second Edition. Yale University Press, New Haven
- ^ Chubb, A. (2004). "New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: the phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i). " Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30: 140-151
Dictionary
fowl
-noun
- (archaic) A bird.
- A bird of the order Galliformes, including chickens, turkeys, pheasant, partridges and quail.
- Birds which are hunted or kept for food, including Galliformes and also waterfowl of the order Anseriformes such as ducks, geese and swans.
-verb
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