| Brain: Fourth ventricle | ||
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| Scheme showing relations of the ventricles to the surface of the brain. (Fourth ventricle labeled at bottom center. ) | ||
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| Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from above. (Fourth ventricle visible at bottom center. ) | ||
| Latin | ventriculus quartus | |
| Gray's | subject #187 797 | |
| NeuroNames | hier-617 | |
| MeSH | Fourth+Ventricle | |
The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This is a list of the subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IX Neurology NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque Brain. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain These cavities, known collectively as the ventricular system, consist of the left and right lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. The ventricular system is a set of structures in the Brain continuous with the Central canal of the Spinal cord. The third ventricle ( ventriculus tertius) is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the Ventricular system within the human Brain. The fourth ventricle extends from the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) to the obex, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains Cerebrospinal OBEX (abbreviation of OBject EXchange, also termed IrOBEX) is a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of binary objects between devices Cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF) Liquor cerebrospinalis, is a clear Bodily fluid that occupies the Subarachnoid space and the Ventricular system
The fourth ventricle has a characteristic diamond shape in cross-sections of the human brain. It is located within the pons or in the upper part of the medulla. The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a structure located on the Brain stem. The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the Brainstem. It deals with autonomic functions such as breathing and blood pressure CSF entering the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct can exit to the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord through two lateral foramina of Luschka (singular: foramen of Luschka) and a single, midline foramen of Magendie (see List of human anatomical parts named after people). In the Central nervous system, the subarachnoid cavity ( subarachnoid space) is the interval between the Arachnoid membrane and Pia mater The spinal cord is a long thin tubular bundle of Nerves that is an extension of the Central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected There is a lateral aperture (also called foramen of Luschka or lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle) in each lateral extremity of the Lateral recess The median aperture of the Brain (or foramen of Magendie) is an opening in the hollow nerve tube connecting the Fourth ventricle of the brain with the This is a list of human anatomical parts named after people. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Eponym.
Roof and floor
The fourth ventricle has a "roof" dorsally and a "floor" ventrally. In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species The roof of the fourth ventricle is formed by the cerebellum (superior and inferior medullary velums), the floor by the rhomboid fossa, and the side "walls" formed by the cerebellar peduncles. The cerebellum ( Latin: "little brain" is a region of the Brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception The anterior part of the Fourth ventricle is named from its shape the rhomboid fossa, and its anterior wall formed by the back of the Pons and Medulla oblongata Among the prominent features of the floor of the fourth ventricle are the:
- facial colliculus: formed by the internal part of the facial nerve as it loops around the abducens nucleus in the lower pons;
- sulcus limitans: which represents the border between the alar plate and the basal plate of the developing neural tube;
- obex: represents the caudal tip of the fourth ventricle; the obex is also a marker for the level of the foramen magnum of the skull and therefore is a marker for the imaginary dividing line between the medulla and spinal cord. The facial colliculus is an elevated area located on the dorsal pons The facial nerve is the seventh (VII of twelve paired Cranial nerves. The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the Abducens nerve emerges - a Cranial nerve nucleus. The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a structure located on the Brain stem. In the Fourth ventricle, the sulcus limitans forms the lateral boundary of the Medial eminence. The alar plate (or alar lamina) is a neural structure in the embryonic nervous system part of the dorsal side of Neural tube, that involves the communication of general In the developing vertebrate the neural tube is the Embryo 's precursor to the Central nervous system, which comprises the Brain and Spinal cord OBEX (abbreviation of OBject EXchange, also termed IrOBEX) is a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of binary objects between devices In Anatomy, in the Occipital bone, the foramen magnum (Latin 'great hole' is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the Skull (the The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the Brainstem. It deals with autonomic functions such as breathing and blood pressure The spinal cord is a long thin tubular bundle of Nerves that is an extension of the Central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected
Additional images
 Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. |
 Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers. |
 The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive. |
 Coronal section of the pons, at its upper part. |
 Sagittal section of the cerebellum, near the junction of the vermis with the hemisphere. |
 Rhomboid fossa. |
 Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. |
 Median sagittal section of brain. |
 Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side. |
 Terminal nuclei of the vestibular nerve, with their upper connections. |
 Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisternæ. |
External links
- Atlas of anatomy at UMich n2a8p1 - "Fourth Ventricle, Sagittal Section, Medial View"
- BrainMaps at UCDavis fourth%20ventricle
- fourth+ventricle at eMedicine Dictionary
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 13048.000-3
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