| Fort Vancouver National Historic Site | |
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| (National Historic Site) | |
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| Location: | Vancouver, Washington |
| Built/Founded: | 1844 |
| Added to NRHP: | October 15, 1966 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 66000370 |
| Governing body: | National Park Service |
Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company in the company's Columbia District (known to Americans as the Oregon Country). A national historic site is a designation that an area possesses national historical significance Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. The Columbia River (known as The Columbia District was a fur trading district in the Pacific Northwest region of British North America in the 19th century Oregon Country or Oregon (to be distinguished from the American State also called Oregon) was a predominantly American term referring to Named for Captain George Vancouver, the fort was located on the northern bank of the Columbia River in present-day Vancouver, Washington, near Portland, Oregon. Captain George Vancouver The Columbia River (known as Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers Today, a full-scale replica of the fort, with internal buildings, has been constructed and is open to the public.
Contents |
History
The outpost was established in 1825, at a time when the Oregon Country was jointly occupied by the United States and Britain, a situation to which the two nations had agreed in the Anglo-American Convention of 1818. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Convention respecting fisheries boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the At this time, the Hudson's Bay Company controlled most of the land that is now Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Wanting to protect their interests north of the Columbia, they sent Dr. John McLoughlin to set up the headquarters somewhere along the northern bank that would secure the area and act as the hub for their fur trading in the Pacific Northwest. For the survivor of the attacks of September 11 2001 see John McLoughlin (World Trade Center attack survivor For articles on John McLaughlin see The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean
McLoughlin was the fort's first Chief Factor (manager), who later would be hailed as the Father of Oregon. A factor, from the Latin "he who does" (parallel to agent, from Latin agens) is a person who professionally acts as the representative of another individual Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Against the company wishes he help westbound Americans settle in the territory. He later left the company to found Oregon City in the Willamette Valley. Oregon City was the first city in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated The Willamette Valley () is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence
He was responsible for finding a location and overseeing the construction. The site he selected, close to the mouth of the Willamette River. The Willamette River (pronounced) is a Tributary of the Columbia River. The area was flat and had easy access to the Columbia, yet just outside the flood plain. The site was also picked because of the access to fertile farmland. The Hudson's Bay Company wanted the fort to be self-sufficient, as food was costly to ship. The area around the fort was commonly known as "La Jolie Prairie" (the pretty prairie) or Belle Vue Point.
The palisade that protected the fort was 750 feet long, 450 feet wide and about 20 feet high. palisade is a steel or wooden Fence or wall of variable height usually used as a defensive structure Inside there were a total of 40 buildings, used for housing, warehouses, a school, a library, a pharmacy, a chapel, a blacksmith, plus a large manufacturing facility. Outside the ramparts there was additional housing as well as fields, gardens, fruit orchards, a shipyard, a distillery, a tannery, a sawmill, and a dairy. The rampART is a squatted Social centre in the Whitechapel area of East London. The residential village, comprised of employees, their families, and others, was known as Kanaka Village because of the many Hawaiians in company employ who lived there. Fort Vancouver was by far the largest settlement of non-natives west of the Great Plains at this time. The populace of the fort and the surrounding area were mostly French-Canadians and Metis; there were also English, Scots, Irish, Hawaiians and a large variety of Native Americans including Iroquois and Cree. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse Not to be confused with the Creek. Cree is an Exonym applied to various people indigenous to North America namely the Nehiyaw Nehithaw Nehilaw The common language spoken at the fort was Canadian French; however, trading and relations with the
surrounding community was done in Chinook Jargon, a pidgin of Chinook, Nootka, Chehalis, English, French, Hawaiian and other elements. Canadian French is an Umbrella term for the varieties of the French language used in Canada. Chinook Jargon originated as a Pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest, and spread quickly up the West Coast from modern Oregon to the regions now A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade Company records and official journals were kept in English, however, and at the head table.
The fort quickly became the center of activity in the Pacific Northwest. Every year ships would come from London (via the Pacific) to drop off supplies and trade goods in exchange for the furs. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions It was the nexus for the fur trade on the Pacific Coast; its influence reached from the Rocky Mountains to the Hawaiian Islands, and from Alaska into Mexican-controlled California. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. At its pinnacle, Fort Vancouver watched over 34 outposts, 24 ports, six ships, and 600 employees. Also, for many settlers the fort became the last stop on the Oregon Trail as they could get supplies before starting their homestead. Pioneers traveled across the Oregon Trail, one of the main overland migration routes on the North American Continent, in wagons in order to settle new parts of the
In 1845, McLoughlin left the Hudson's Bay Company for a homestead of his own, and founded Oregon City in the Willamette Valley. Oregon City was the first city in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated The Willamette Valley () is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence In 1846, when the Oregon Treaty set the US/Canadian border at the 49th parallel, the fort found itself within American territory. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The Oregon Treaty, officially known as the Treaty with Great Britain in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains, Buchanan-Packenham 49th Parallel ( is the third film made by the British writer-director team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. Although the treaty ensured that the Hudson's Bay Company could continue to operate and had free access to navigate the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and the Columbia, company operations were effectively stifled by the treaty and became unprofitable and were soon closed down. The Strait of Juan de Fuca (also called Juan de Fuca Strait) is a large body of water about long forming the principal outlet for the Georgia Strait and Puget Puget Sound (ˈpjuːʤᵻt is an arm of the Pacific Ocean, connected to the rest of the Pacific by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, in the Pacific Northwest
Fort Vancouver/Columbia
In 1849, the U. S. Army set up the Columbia Barracks (later renamed Vancouver Barracks) on a rise 20 feet (6 m) above the trading post, fronting 1,200 yards (1100 m) on the river with buildings on a line 2,000 yards (1800 m) from the water. Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company in the company's Political pressure from the new fort prompted the Hudson's Bay Company to move its headquarters to Fort Victoria (now Victoria, British Columbia) over a period of time. Fort Victoria may refer to Fort Victoria (Alberta, Canada Fort Victoria (British Columbia, Canada Fort Victoria Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia.
While the company continued to operate out of Fort Vancouver, every year saw less and less fur trade and more and more settlers and U. S. Army movements. Through this time the fort saw the Indian Wars in the west and famous military men such as Ulysses S. Grant, Philip Henry Sheridan, George Crook, and George C. Marshall. Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States Philip Henry Sheridan (March 6 1831 &ndash August 5 1888 was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War George Crook ( September 8, 1828 &ndash March 21, 1890) was a career United States Army officer most noted for his distinguished George Catlett Marshall Jr (December 31 1880 &ndash October 16 1959 was an American military leader Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of Finally, on June 14, 1860, the Hudson's Bay Company abandoned Fort Vancouver and moved its operations north of the border. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting The U. S. Army immediately renamed the combined location Fort Columbia, changing the name again to Fort Vancouver. They used it for quarters and storage, with its local population fluctuating seasonally, finally hitting bottom with a strength of 50 people in 1861. In 1866 most of the fort burned down in a large fire. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Fort Vancouver was rebuilt, with a layout that included two double-story barracks on opposite sides of the parade ground, each with a kitchen and mess room to the rear.
Seven log and four frame buildings served as Officer's Quarters. The post remained in active service, being expanded for World War I into Vancouver Barracks. Its final use was in World War II when Vancouver Barracks was used as a Staging Area for the Seattle Port Of Embarkation. At this time, the post included 3,019 acres (12. 22 km²), and had billeting space for 250 officers, and 7,295 enlisted persons. It was finally closed in 1946. A plan was put together to preserve the location.
Because of the its significance in United States history, Fort Vancouver was declared a U.S. National Monument on June 19, 1948 and redesignated as Fort Vancouver National Historic Site on June 30, 1961. A National Monument in the United States is a Protected area that is similar to a National Park except that the President of the United States Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located in the states of Washington and Oregon. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This was taken a step further in 1996 when a 366 acre (1. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) 48 km²) area around the fort, including Kanaka Village, the Columbia Barracks and the bank of the river, was established as the Vancouver National Historic Reserve maintained by the National Park Service. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation It is possible to tour the fort; it is also the site of a large fireworks display, said to be the largest west of the Mississippi River, on the 4th of July. A firework is classified as a low explosive pyrotechnic device used primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to In the United States, Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July (or the Fourth) is a Federal holiday commemorating the adoption
An earth-covered pedestrian land bridge was built over the Lewis and Clark Highway, as part of the Confluence Project, in 2007. State Route 14, also called the Lewis and Clark Highway, is a State highway in Washington, U See Degree Confluence Project for the quest to find the intersections of whole number latitude and longitude. It connects the site with the Columbia River. [2]
See also
References
- ^ National Register Information System. The Columbia District was a fur trading district in the Pacific Northwest region of British North America in the 19th century Main article History of British Columbia New Caledonia was the name given to a district of the Hudson's Bay Company that comprised the territory largely The trade center Fort Colville, also Fort Colvile) was built by the Hudson's Bay Company at Kettle Falls on the Columbia River a few miles west of Fort Nisqually was an important fur trading and farming post of the Hudson's Bay Company in the Puget Sound area of what is now Washington but The York Factory Express, usually called "the Express" and also called the Columbia Express, was a brigade operated by Hudson's Bay Company in National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ Raymond, Camela. "The Shape of Memory", Portland Monthly, November 2007.
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