| Fort Ticonderoge | |
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| (U.S. National Historic Landmark) | |
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| Location: | Ticonderoga, NY |
| Nearest city: | Burlington, VT |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Area: | 21,950 acres (87. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Ticonderoga is a Town in Essex County, New York, USA. The population was 5167 at the 2000 census New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Burlington is the largest city in the US state of Vermont and is the shire town ( County seat) of Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. 0 km²) |
| Built/Founded: | 1755 |
| Architect: | Marquis De Lotbiniere |
| Designated as NHL: | October 9, 1960 [1] |
| Added to NRHP: | October 15, 1966 [2] |
| NRHP Reference#: | 66000519 |
| Governing body: | Private museum |
Fort Ticonderoga is a large eighteenth-century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York, USA. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States Lake George, nicknamed the Queen of American Lakes, is a long narrow Lake at the southeast base of the Adirondack Mountains, northern New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson River Valley and the French-controlled Saint Lawrence River Valley. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway The name "Ticonderoga" comes from an Iroquois word tekontaró:ken, meaning "it is at the junction of two waterways". The Iroquoian languages are a Native American Language family. [3] Fort Ticonderoga was the site of four battles over the course of 20 years.
Contents |
History
Construction
In 1755, the French began construction of Fort Carillon (Fort Ticonderoga). Year 1755 ( MDCCLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The name "Carillon" comes from a former French officer of Spanish descent, Pierre de Carrion, who established a trading post at the site in the late 17th century. Construction proceeded on the fort slowly through 1756 and 1757. Year 1756 ( MDCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The fort's primary goal was to control the south end of Lake Champlain and to prevent the British from getting a toe hold on the lake.
Ticonderoga during the French and Indian War
In 1757 the French launched a very successful attack upon Fort William Henry from the nearly complete Fort Carillon. The Battle of Carillon was fought at Fort Carillon (later known as Fort Ticonderoga) on the shore of Lake Champlain on what was then the border between The Battle of Ticonderoga, fought on June 27, 1759, was an engagement of the French and Indian War. The British Fort William Henry on the shores of Lake George, New York (NY was built during the French and Indian War ( 1754 -
The garrison of the Fort was by Regiment de la Reine. For an account of the regiment at Fort Ticonderoga see the following link: [1].
On July 8, 1758 the British, under General James Abercrombie, staged a frontal attack against hastily assembled works outside the fort's main walls (which were still under construction) in the Battle of Carillon. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common James Abercrombie or Abercromby (1706 &ndash April 23, 1781) was a British Army general and commander-in-chief of forces in North America The Battle of Carillon was fought at Fort Carillon (later known as Fort Ticonderoga) on the shore of Lake Champlain on what was then the border between Abercrombie tried to move rapidly against the few French defenders, opting to forgo field cannon, he relied upon his 16,000 troops. The British were soundly defeated by 4,000 French defenders. This battle gave the fort a reputation for invulnerability, although the fort never again repulsed an attack. The 42nd Regiment of Foot (the Black Watch) was especially badly mauled in the attack on Fort Carillon, giving rise to a legend involving the Scottish Major Duncan Campbell. The 42nd (Royal Highland Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army. Duncan Campbell was a Scots nobleman who died on July 18, 1758, as a result of wounds received in an unsuccessful frontal attack against
The terrifying reputation of the Native Americans, for the most part allied to the French, is thought to have provoked the wave of panic that apparently overtook British troops retreating in great disorder by day's end. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 French patrols later found equipment strewn about, boots left stuck in mud, and many wounded on their stretchers left to die in clearings. In fact, few Natives were actually present during the battle, a large contingent of them having been sent by French governor Vaudreuil on a useless mission to Corlar. Pierre François de Rigaud Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal ( 22 November, 1698 &ndash 4 August 1778) was a Canadian -born French colonial The misdirection of Indian fighters gave Montcalm all the more reason to pester at his rival Vaudreuil, complaining that his actions had cost them the opportunity to completely destroy the retreating British (who would later regroup south of Lake George). Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon Marquis de Saint-Veran ( February 28, 1712 &ndash September 14, 1759) was the commander of the French
The fort was captured the following year by the British, under General Jeffrey Amherst, in the Battle of Ticonderoga. Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst 1st Baron Amherst of Montreal KB (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, or Jeffrey, he himself spelled his name as The Battle of Ticonderoga, fought on June 27, 1759, was an engagement of the French and Indian War.
The fort during the American Revolution
No longer considered a "front line" fortification, Ticonderoga was not well-maintained by the Crown and manned by a token force. On May 10, 1775, the British garrison of 22 soldiers was surprised by a small force of Vermonters who called themselves the Green Mountain Boys, and were led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, who entered the fort through a breach in the wall. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Green Mountain Boys were historically the militia of the Vermont Republic. Ethan Allen (January 10 1738 – February 12 1789 was an early American revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the Province of New York Benedict Arnold V ( – June 14, 1801) was a General during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Allen was known for saying, "Come out you old Rat!" to the English soldiers . Allen later claimed that he demanded to the British commandant that he surrender the fort "In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!"; however, his surrender demand was made to a junior officer, not the commandant, and no other witnesses remembered Allen uttering such a phrase. [4] Not a single shot was fired. The colonies obtained a large supply of cannons and powder, much of which was hauled 300 miles by Henry Knox during the winter of 1775-1776, to Boston, to support the Siege of Boston. Henry Knox ( July 25, 1750 &ndash October 25, 1806) was an American Bookseller from Boston who became the chief Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Background Prior to 1775 the British had imposed taxes onto the Americans which they did not take kindly to The fort itself was marginally defensible, but at least provided shelter and an excellent view of the surrounding waterways.
In 1775, the British returned from Canada and moved down Lake Champlain under General Carleton. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States Guy Carleton 1st Baron Dorchester, KB ( Strabane, Co Tyrone Ireland September 3, 1722 &ndash November 10, 1808 Stubbings A ramshackle fleet of American gunboats delayed the British until winter threatened (see: Battle of Valcour Island), but the attack resumed the next year under General Burgoyne. The naval Battle of Valcour Island, also known as the Battle of Valcour Bay, took place on 11 October 1776, on Lake Champlain in a narrow General John Burgoyne ( February 24, 1722 &ndash August 4, 1792) was a British army officer Politician
Ticonderoga's role in the Saratoga Campaign
In 1777 the British forces moving south from Canada drove the Americans back into the fort, then hauled cannon to the top of undefended Mount Defiance, which overlooked the fort. Background The British and Colonists advance of the previous summer was halted at the Battle of Valcour. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Mount Defiance is an high hill on the New York side of Lake Champlain, in the North Eastern United States.
"Where a goat can go, a man can go; and where a man can go, he can drag a gun"
- Maj. Gen. William Phillips, as his men brought cannon to the top of Mt. William Phillips (1731 - 1781 was a renowned artilleryman and general officer in the British Army who served as a major-general in the American Revolutionary War Defiance in 1777
Faced with bombardment, Arthur St. Clair ordered Ticonderoga abandoned on July 5, 1777. Arthur St Clair (March 23 1736 August 31 1818 was the ninth President of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation, a general in the Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Burgoyne's troops moved in the next day.
The colonials quickly withdrew across the Lake to Fort Independence on the Vermont side of the Lake. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. They soon abandoned that fort as well and retreated south to Saratoga. Seth Warner, now the leader of Vermont Republic's Green Mountain Boys, having conducted the American rear guard the previous year as the Americans retreated from Quebec to Ticonderoga, showed his prowess and cool headedness by very nearly defeating the pursuing British. This article is not about the mathematician Seth Warner author of several textbooks in particular about Topological rings Seth The term Vermont Republic has been used by 20th and 21st century writers to describe the period of the U The Green Mountain Boys were historically the militia of the Vermont Republic. The rear guard led by Americans Warner, Francis and Titcomb demonstrated significant effectiveness in this defensive maneuver. Warner almost certainly would have defeated the larger British force had it not been for the arrival of the flanking German troops sent by Burgoyne. This rear guard action is known as the skirmish at Hubbardton and it ultimately allowed Maj. Background Following the evacuation of Fort Ticonderoga, American forces under Major General Arthur St Gen. Arthur St. Clair to retreat to Saratoga with the majority of the Ticonderoga force. This set up the ultimate defeat of Burgoyne later that year in Saratoga. In total 67% of Warner's troops made it through the rear guard battle and effectively stopped the British pursuit.
Abandonment of the fort
After Burgoyne's defeat at Battle of Saratoga, the fort at Ticonderoga became increasingly irrelevant. Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight The British abandoned Fort Ticonderoga and Crown Point in 1780. Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Local farmers began stripping building materials, such as dressed stone, from the old forts. Also, the climate in the area caused considerable freezing and thawing, with resulting buckling of stone walls.
The fort is privately owned and was restored in 1909. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting It is maintained as a tourist attraction, opening for the season on May 10th every year, closing in late October. Re-enactments of the French and Indian War period are held annually. The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. Since it is privately owned and is very well-maintained, the federal government has never tried to make the fort a part of the National Park System, though it can be surmised (and would probably be publicly demanded) that the government would take over the site should any unforeseen economic situations occur. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation
The fort was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960[1] Included in the landmarked area are three land masses, including one promontory across Lake Champlain from the fort, in Vermont. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the [5]
Legacy
Its role in early American history led to five different U.S. Navy vessels and two classes of warship to be named after it. The ships named USS Ticonderoga commemorate the capture of Fort Ticonderoga on 10 May 1775 by Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain
The town of Ticonderoga, New York, located on Lake George in the area where the fort stands, also carries its name. Ticonderoga is a Town in Essex County, New York, USA. The population was 5167 at the 2000 census
References
- ^ a b Fort Ticonderoga. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ Afable, Patricia O. and Madison S. Beeler (1996). "Place Names", in "Languages", ed. Ives Goddard. Vol. 17 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D. C. : Smithsonian Institution, p. 193
- ^ Boller, Jr. , Paul F. ; George, John (1989). They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, and Misleading Attributions. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505541-1.
- ^ Charles H. Ashton and Richard W. Hunter (August, 1983), National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Fort Ticonderoga / Mount Independence National Historic LandmarkPDF (425 KiB), National Park Service and Accompanying 40 photos, from 1983, 1967, and 1980.PDF (287 KiB)
See also
Gallery
 Fort Ticonderoga. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International The Battle on Snowshoes refers to two separate military engagements during the French and Indian War. Vertical Launching System See also Vertical Launching System In addition to the added Radar capability the Ticonderoga class built after the Exterior view ca. 1933. |
 Fort Ticonderoga. Guns on bastion ca. 1933. |
 Fort Ticonderoga. Place d'armes ca. 1933. |
 Fort Ticonderoga. Vault in bakery ca. 1933. |
 Fort Ticonderoga 1759. |
 Fort Ticonderoga gate in 1992 |
External links
- Official site: Fort Ticonderoga webpage
- Gallery of 5 photos from 1934-35, at Historic American Buildings Survey
- Fort Ticonderoga information
- Fort Ticonderoga history
- Battle of Ticonderoga - 1758
- Ticonderoga - American Revolution
- Ticonderoga Timeline, 18th century
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