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For other uses, see Fort Reno.


Fort Reno
Indian Territory/Oklahoma

Aerial view of Fort Reno, 1891. The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America.
Type Fort
Built 1875
Construction
materials		 Wood, stone, & brick
In use 1875–1949
Controlled by United States
Battles/wars Indian Wars on the Southern Plains; Remount Station, World War I & World War II; German Prisoner of War camp, World War II. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The United States of America —commonly referred to as the World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Fort Reno was established as a permanent post in July 1875, near the Darlington Indian Agency on the old Cheyenne-Arapaho reservation in Indian Territory, in present-day central Oklahoma. Cheyenne are a Native American nation of the Great Plains. The Cheyenne Nation is composed of two united tribes, the Só'taa'e (more commonly The Arapaho (in French: Gens de Vache) tribe of Native Americans historically living on the eastern plains of Colorado and Wyoming The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Named for General Jesse L. Reno, who died at the Battle of South Mountain, it supported the U.S. Army following the Cheyenne uprising in 1874. Jesse Lee Reno ( April 20, 1823 &ndash September 14, 1862) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Mexican-American The Battle of South Mountain (known in several early Southern accounts as the Battle of Boonsboro Gap) was fought September 14, 1862, as The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities.

Contents

History

Following the Indian Wars the fort remained to protect the more peaceful Five Civilized Tribes from the Plains Indians farther west. The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five Native American nations the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and The Plains Indians are the Indigenous peoples who live on the plains and rolling hills of the Great Plains of North America. Soldiers from Fort Reno also attempted to control Sooner and Sooner activity during the rush to open the Unassigned Lands for settlement. Unassigned Lands, or Oklahoma, were in the center of the lands ceded to the United States by the Creek (Muskogee and Seminole Indians following Among the units stationed here were the famed Ninth Cavalry of Buffalo Soldiers. The 9th Cavalry Regiment is a Cavalry regiment of the United States Army. Buffalo Soldiers is a Nickname originally applied to the members of the U

After Oklahoma statehood in 1907, the post was abandoned on February 24, 1908 but remained as a U. S. Cavalry remount station until 1949. Today, the grounds of the old fort are home to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Southwestern Livestock and Forage Research Station. The research station studies environmentally-sustainable forage and livestock production, contributing to preservation of the Great Plains. In Agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any Foodstuff that is used specifically to feed Domesticated Livestock, such as The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada

The fort leant its name to the nearby city of El Reno, Oklahoma. El Reno is a city in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States, in the central part of the state

Fort Reno was added to the National Register of Historic Places (#70000529) in 1970. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of

Land controversy

An executive order in 1883 officially identified the area assigned to Fort Reno as 9,493 acres (34. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 4168 km² in the Cheyenne and Arapaho reserve, "setting apart for military purposes exclusively of the tract of land herein described. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of "[1] A presidential proclamation (27 Stat. , 1018) signed April 12, 1892 by Benjamin Harrison extinguished all Cheyenne-Arapaho claims to their reserve except for individual allotments, including any claims to Fort Reno – a stance with which many members of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes disagree. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Benjamin Harrison (August 20 1833 &ndash March 13 1901 was the twenty-third President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893 [2][3]

For several years the combined Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes have been trying to re-acquire the lands the fort occupied. In 1996, they donated US$107,000 to the Democratic National Committee with a memo titled "Fort Reno," and at the same time asked the Clinton administration to get an opinion from the Department of the Interior on their claims. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The Democratic National Committee (DNC is the principal organization governing the United States Democratic Party on a day to day basis The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally The U.S. Senate investigated them for their actions in 1997 but the tribes refused to appear. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives [4] The Senate committee, chaired by Republicans, returned no indictments but did scold the Democratic fund-raisers, the president, and Democratic operatives. [5] In 1999 the Interior Department issued an opinion saying that the tribes did have a credible argument that they did not cede the lands that were used by the military.

Several attempts have been made by Democratic politicians to aid the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes, most notably Eni Fa'aua'a Hunkin Faleomavaega, Jr. of American Samoa in 1997[6] and by Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii in 2000. Eni Fa'aua'a Hunkin Faleomavaega Jr (born August 15, 1943) is the non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from American Samoa (Amerika Sāmoa or sm ''Sāmoa Amelika'' is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Hawaii. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the However, opposition by the entire Oklahoma congressional delegation, state political and civic leaders, and historical preservationists has stalled all efforts. These are tables of congressional delegations from Oklahoma to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives.

In 2005, Oklahoma Senator Jim Inhofe, co-sponsored by Senator Tom Coburn, introduced a bill to fund historical preservation of the fort using funds raised by leasing oil and gas resources under the fort. James Mountain "Jim" Inhofe (born November 17 1934 is a American Politician from Oklahoma. Thomas Allen "Tom" Coburn, MD (born March 14 1948 is an American Politician and medical doctor. [7] The bill received a committee hearing but no further action.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Kappler, Indian Affairs (Fort Reno Military Reserve, p. 842): "Beginning at the northwest corner of section 28, township 13 north, range 8 west of the Indian meridian, and running thence east to North Fork of the Canadian River; thence down this stream to the range line between ranges 7 and 8 west of the Indian meridian; thence south on said range line to the southeast corner of section 36, township 13 north, range 8 west of the Indian meridian; thence east to the northeast corner of township 12 north, range 8 west of the Indian meridian; thence south to the southeast corner of section 12 of said township; thence west to the southwest corner of section 9 of said township; thence north to the northwest corner of section 4 of said township; thence west to the southwest corner of section 33, township 13 north, range 8 west of the Indian meridian; thence north to the point of beginning, containing an area of about 14 5/6 square miles, or 9,493 acres (38. 42 km²). "
  2. ^ Kappler, Indian Affairs (27 Stat. , 1018): "Whereas, by a written agreement made on the day of October, eighteen hundred and ninety, the Cheyenne and Arapahoe tribes of Indians ceded, conveyed, transferred, relinquished and surrendered all their claim, title and interest in and to the lands described in article two of said agreement. . . and all other lands or tracts of country in the Indian Territory to which they have or may set up or allege any right, title, interest or claim whatsoever: Provided, That every member of said tribes shall have an allotment of one hundred and sixty acres. "
  3. ^ Kappler, Indian Affairs (Agreement with Cheyenne and Arapaho ratified, p. 415-419): "The following agreement entered into by the Commissioners named below on the part of the United States, and the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Tribes of Indians on the — day of October, eighteen hundred and ninety, and now on file in the Interior Department, signed by the said Commissioners on the part of the United States, and by Left Hand, his mark, and five hundred and sixty-four others, on the part of the said Indians, is hereby accepted, ratified and confirmed, . . . Commencing at a point where the Washita River crosses the ninety-eighth degree of west longitude, as surveyed in the years eighteen hundred and fifty-eight and eighteen hundred and seventy-one; thence north on a line with said ninety-eighth degree to the point where it is crossed by the Red Fork of the Arkansas (sometimes called the Cimarron River); thence up said river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the north boundary of the country ceded to the United States by the treaty of June fourteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty six, with the Creek nation of Indians; thence west on said north boundary and the north boundary of the country ceded to the United States by the treaty of March twenty first, eighteen hundred and sixty six, with the Seminole Indians, to the one hundredth degree of west longitude; thence south on the line of said one hundredth degree to the point where it strikes the North Fork of the Red River; thence down said North Fork of the Red River to a point where it strikes the north line of the Kiowa and Comanche Reservation; thence east along said boundary to a point where it strikes the Washita River; thence down said Washita River, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the place of beginning; and all other lands or tracts of country in the Indian Territory to which they have or may set up or allege any right, title, interest or claim whatsoever . . . Out of the lands ceded, conveyed, transferred, relinquished, and surrendered by Article II hereof, and in part consideration for the cession of lands named in the preceding article, it is agreed by the United States that each member of the said Cheyenne and Arapahoe tribes of Indians over the age of eighteen years shall have the right to select for himself or herself one hundred and sixty acres of land, . . . As a further and only additional consideration for the cession of territory and relinquishment of title, claim, and interest in and to lands as aforesaid the United States agrees to pay to the Cheyenne and Arapahoe tribes of Indians one million and five hundred thousand dollars . . . "
  4. ^ Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. "THE CHEYENNE AND ARAPAHO TRIBES: Their Quest for the Fort Reno Lands": "First, the four most knowledgeable tribal representatives were initially cooperative with the Committee’s investigation but later asserted their Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and would not testify under oath without a grant of immunity. "
  5. ^ Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. "THE CHEYENNE AND ARAPAHO TRIBES: Their Quest for the Fort Reno Lands": "Democratic fund-raisers led the tribes, who were politically naive, to believe that making a large contribution would secure them the long-sought Fort Reno lands. The tribes made contributions to the DNC, received encouragement about their land claim from many quarters, including the President himself, but ultimately received nothing. The tribes then fell into the hands of a series of Democratic operators, who attempted to pick their pockets for legal fees, land development fees, and additional contributions. The fleecing stopped only when several unflattering press accounts ran regarding the tribes’ plight. "
  6. ^ HR 239. To take into trust for the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes etc. : "To take into trust for the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma certain land in Oklahoma that was known as the Fort Reno Military Reservation and that was formerly part of the Cheyenne-Arapaho lands, and for other purposes. "
  7. ^ S. 1832. Fort Reno Mineral Leasing Act: "authorize the Secretary of the Interior to lease oil and gas resources underlying Fort Reno, Oklahoma, to establish the Fort Reno Management Fund, and for other purposes. "

Bibliography

External links

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