Fort Mont-Valérien (Fort du mont Valérien or simply Mont-Valérien) is a fortress in Suresnes a western Paris suburb, built in 1841 as part of the city's ring of modern fortifications. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Suresnes is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city It overlooks the Bois de Boulogne. The Bois de Boulogne is a park located along the western edge of the 16ème arrondissement of Paris, near the suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt.
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History
The fortress defended Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, and remained the strongest fortress protecting the city, withstanding artillery bombardments that lasted several months. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine The surrender of the fortress was one of the main clauses of the armistice signed by the Government of National Defense with Otto von Bismarck on January 17th 1871, allowing the Germans to occupy the strongest part of Paris' defences in exchange for shipments of food into the starving city. An armistice is a situation where the warring parties agree to stop fighting Le Gouvernement de la Défense Nationale, or The Government of National Defence, was the first Government of the Third Republic of France from September Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898)
Colonel Henry of army intelligence, a key player in the Dreyfus Affair, was confined at the prison of Mont-Valérien in 1898. The Dreyfus Affair a Political scandal which divided France from the 1890s to the early 1900s The day after being confined, he cut his throat with a razor left in his possession, taking with him to the grave his secret and that of a great part of the affaire (August 31, 1898) (see Resolution of the Dreyfus Affair). Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Trial of Esterhazy for forgery On the same day as this arrest the examining Magistrate Bertulus, disregarding the threats and entreaties directed at him on
During the Second World War, the fortress was used as a prison run by the Nazi occupiers of Paris, and was used for executions during the German occupation of France from 1940 to 1944. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Germans brought prisoners here in a truck from other locations. The prisoners were incarcerated in an unused chapel, and were later taken to be shot in a clearing a hundred yards away. A chapel is a holy place or area of Worship for Christians, which may be attached to an institution such as a large church, a College, a The bodies were then buried in various cemeteries in the area of Paris. A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried.
People executed by the Nazis at Mont-Valérien
- Henri Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves
- Joseph Epstein
- Missak Manouchian and the Affiche Rouge group
- Gabriel Péri
Fort Mont-Valérien as a Memorial
The site now serves as a national memorial. Henri Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves (3 June 1901 &ndash 29 August 1941 was a French Navy officer reputed "first martyr of Free France" and one of the major heroes Joseph Epstein ( October 16 1911 &ndash April 11, 1944, Fort Mont-Valérien, France) also known as Colonel Gilles Missak Manouchian (Միսաք Մանուշյան September 1 1906, Adıyaman, in Ottoman|Turkey &mdash February 21 1944 The Affiche Rouge ("Red Poster" is a famous Propaganda poster distributed by Vichy French and German authorities in the spring of 1944 in Gabriel Péri (Peri (1902 Toulon &mdash December 15 1941, Fort Mont-Valérien) was a prominent French Communist journalist On June 18, 1945, Charles de Gaulle consecrated the site in a ceremony. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French Today, the locality in front of the "Mémorial de la France Combattante", a reminder of the French Resistance against the German occupation forces, has been named Abbé Franz Stock. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Abbé Franz Stock ( 21 September 1904, Neheim &ndash 24 February 1948, Paris) was a German Roman Catholic During the German occupation, Stock took care of condemned prisoners here, and mentions 863 executions occurring at Mont-Valérien in his diary.
Sources
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