Fort Leavenworth
(U.S. National Historic Landmark District)
Photograph of Grant Hall, the symbol of Fort Leavenworth and headquarters of the U.S. Army Combined Arms Center
Location:	Leavenworth, Kansas
Built/Founded:	1827
Architect:	Unknown
Architectural style(s):	No Style Listed
Added to NRHP:	October 15, 1966
NRHP Reference#:	66000346 [1]
Governing body:	DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army facility located in Leavenworth County, Kansas (just north of the city of Leavenworth) in the upper northeast portion of the state. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the The US Army Combined Arms Center ( USACAC) is located at Fort Leavenworth and provides leadership and supervision for leader development and professional military The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Leavenworth County (county code LV) is a county located in Northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. It is the oldest active U. S. Army post west of the Mississippi River, in operation for over 170 years. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to

During the country's westward expansion, Fort Leavenworth was a forward destination for thousands of soldiers, surveyors, emigrants, American Indians, preachers and settlers who passed through. The Western United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American West or simply the West &mdashtraditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. The garrison supports the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) by managing and maintaining the home of the U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (CAC). United States Army Training and Doctrine Command ( TRADOC) is an army command of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Monroe, Virginia The US Army Combined Arms Center ( USACAC) is located at Fort Leavenworth and provides leadership and supervision for leader development and professional military CAC's mission involves leader development, collective training, Army doctrine, and battle command (current and future).

Fort Leavenworth also accommodates the Department of Defense's only maximum security prison, the United States Disciplinary Barracks. USDBjpg|right|thumb|250px|A historical view of the USDB - Note date above double doors - 1877 In addition, the Fort Leavenworth Garrison supports numerous tenant organizations that directly and indirectly relate to the functions of the CAC, including the Command and General Staff College and the Foreign Military Studies Office. The Command and General Staff College ( C&GSC) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas is a United States Army facility that functions as a Graduate school The Foreign Military Studies Office, or FMSO, is a research and analysis center for the United States Army.

The fort occupies 5,600 acres (23 km²) and 7,000,000 ft² (650,000 m²) of space in 1,000 buildings and 1,500 quarters.

Contents 1 18th century 2 19th century 3 20th century 4 Freedom's Frontier Heritage Area 5 References 6 External links

18th century

The fort is just north of the 18th century French Fort de Cavagnal, which was the furthest west fort in Louisiana (New France). Fort de Cavagnal (also known as Fort Cavagnolle or Post of the Missouri or Fort de la Trinité) was a French fort on the Missouri River Louisiana (La celina+mario) was the name of an administrative district of New France. Its commandant was François Coulon de Villiers^[2], a brother to Louis Coulon de Villiers who was the only military commander to force George Washington to surrender (after revenging the murder of half brother Joseph Coulon de Jumonville while in Washington's custody that was to set off the French and Indian World War). François Coulon de Villiers (1712-1794 was a French military officer from an influential military family in the French and Indian War and then an influential officer Sieur Louis Coulon de Villiers ( 17 August 1710 &ndash 2 November 1757) was a French Canadian military officer during the George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Joseph Coulon de Villiers Sieur de Jumonville ( 8 September 1718 &ndash May 28 1754) was a French Canadian military officer The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War.

The French abandoned the fort after ceding its territory to Louisiana (New Spain) at the conclusion of the French and Indian War. Louisiana was the name of an administrative district of New Spain from 1764 to 1803 that represented territory west of the Mississippi River

Explorers on the Missouri River were to visit the fort including Lewis and Clark on July 2, 1804 and Stephen Harriman Long in 1819. Stephen Harriman Long (December 30 1784 &ndash September 4 1864 was a U

The fort location had been chosen then because of its proximity to a large Kansa tribe village.

19th century

Colonel Henry Leavenworth, with the officers and men of the 3rd Infantry Regiment from Jefferson Barracks at St. Louis, Missouri, established Fort Leavenworth in 1827 to be a forward base protect the Santa Fe Trail. Henry Leavenworth ( December 10, 1783 &ndash July 21, 1834) was an American soldier active in the War of 1812 and early military The Jefferson Barracks Military Post, located on the Mississippi River at Lemay Missouri, which is just south of St The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe

Leavenworth's instructions had been:

Colonel Leavenworth of the 3d Infantry, with four companies of his regiment will ascend the Missouri and when he reaches a point on its left band near the mouth of Little Platte River and within a range of twenty miles above or below its confluence, he will select such position as in his judgment is best calculated for the site of a permanent cantonment. The Platte River is a Tributary of the Missouri River, about 170 mi (275 km long in southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri in the The spot being chosen, he will then construct with the troops of his command comfortable, though temporary quarters sufficient for the accommodation of four companies. This movement will be made as early as the convenience of the service will permit. ^[3]

Leavenworth was to report that spot around the confluence on the east side of the Missouri River (near present day Farley, Missouri) would be prone to flooding and on May 8, 1827 recommended the location 20 miles upstream on the west bank in the bluffs above the river. Farley is a village in Platte County, Missouri, US, along the Platte River.

The first army installation in Cantonment Leavenworth (its original name) was located on Scott Avenue, south of the Post Chapel with initial strength of 14 officers and 174 enlisted men. Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a

The Cantonment almost immediately increased in importance as it became the eastern terminus for the Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe Pioneers traveled across the Oregon Trail, one of the main overland migration routes on the North American Continent, in wagons in order to settle new parts of the After Indian Removal Act of 1830 attempted to remove all Indians west of the Missouri-Kansas border, the fort which is west of the border assumed even more importance. The Indian Removal Act, part of a United States government policy known as Indian removal, was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 26 In 1832 it was renamed "Fort Leavenworth. "

Between 1832 and 1834 the Rookery was built as bachelor officer quarters. ^[4] The Rookery is the oldest building in Kansas and would be the office of the first territorial governor and thus the first capitol in Kansas from 1854 to 1855 when the capitol was moved to Pawnee, Kansas. Pawnee Kansas is a former town that served as the first official Capital of the Kansas Territory in 1855 ^[5]

In 1836 William Clark at the fort presided over the transfer of Indian land directly across the Missouri River from the fort to the U. William Clark ( August 1, 1770 &ndash September 1, 1838) was an American explorer soldier Indian agent, and territorial governor S. government in the Platte Purchase which involved the entire northwest corner of Missouri. The Platte Purchase in 1836 added to the state of Missouri, making up its northwest corner

In 1839, Col. Stephen W. Kearny marched against the Cherokees with 20 companies of dragoons, the largest U. Stephen Watts Kearny (IPA; "Kar-ney" ( August 30, 1794 October 31, 1848) was one of the foremost antebellum frontier officers The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact A dragoon is a soldier intended primarily to fight on foot but trained also in Horse riding and cavalry combat especially S. mounted force ever assembled. Throughout the Mexican-American War, Fort Leavenworth was the outfitting post for the Army of the West. For the US army during the Mexican-American War see Army of the West (1846 The Army of the West was a military force within the Confederate

In 1854, Kansas Territory Governor Andrew Reeder set up executive offices on post and lived for a short time in the quarters now known as "The Rookery". The Territory of Kansas was an Organized territory of the United States that existed from May 30 1854 until January 29 1861 when Kansas became the 34th Andrew Horatio Reeder ( July 12, 1807 - July 5, 1864) was the first governor of the Territorial Kansas.

During the 1850s, troops from Ft. Leavenworth were mobilized to control the "Mormon Problem" in what became known as the Utah War. The Utah War, also known as the Utah Expedition or Buchanan's Blunder, was an armed dispute between Latter-day Saint (" Mormon "

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Camp Lincoln was established on post as a reception and training station for Kansas volunteers. Buffalo Soldiers is a Nickname originally applied to the members of the U Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South News of the approach of Confederate General Sterling Price prompted construction of Fort Sully, a series of earthworks for artillery emplacements on Hancock Hill, overlooking what is now the Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Sterling Price ( September 20, 1809 September 29, 1867) was a lawyer politician and Militia General from the Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located on Fort Leavenworth, a United States Army installation north of However, Price's forces never reached Fort Leavenworth, having met defeat at Westport, which is now part of Kansas City. The Battle of Westport, sometimes referred to as the " Gettysburg of Missouri " was fought on October 23 1864, in present-day Kansas Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages During its long history, the post was never subject to enemy attack.

For three decades following the war, the Army's chief mission was control of the American Indian tribes on the Western plains. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Between 1865 and 1891, the Army had more than 1,000 combat engagements with Apache, Modoc, Cheyenne, Ute, Nez Perce, Comanche, Kiowa, Kickapoo and other tribes. The Modoc tribe is a group of Native American people who originally lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Cheyenne are a Native American nation of the Great Plains. The Cheyenne Nation is composed of two united tribes, the Só'taa'e (more commonly The Utes (/juːts/ " yoots " are an ethnically related group of American Indians now living primarily in Utah and Colorado. The Nez Perce (ˌnɛzˈpɝs are a Tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region ( Columbia River Plateau) of the United The Comanche are a Native American ethnic group whose range (the Comancheria) consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southern Colorado The Kiowa (ˈkaɪoʊwə are a nation of American Indians who migrated from what is now Canada to their present location in Southwestern Oklahoma. The Kickapoos ( Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are one of the Algonquian speaking Native American Tribes

The Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery is one of the first 12 national cemeteries established by Abraham Lincoln on July 17, 1862. Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located on Fort Leavenworth, a United States Army installation north of 4 Fort Snelling Looking SouthwestJPG|thumb|200px| Fort Snelling National Cemetery, Minneapolis Minnesota]]" United States National Cemetery " is a designation for 139 Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Veterans since the War of 1812 have been laid to rest in the cemetery. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies One veteran of the War of 1812 is the cemetery's most famous occupant, Col. Henry Leavenworth, who gave his name to the fort, the cemetery, and the town and county they are located in. Others buried in the cemetery include 10 Medal of Honor recipients, seven Confederate prisoners of war and two soldiers killed in Operation Desert Storm and one from Operation Iraqi Freedom. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Although there is no longer space for new burial sites, burials frequently take place for those who already have family members interred in the cemetery.

In 1866, the U.S. Congress authorized the formation of four black regiments, the 24th and 25th Infantry Regiments and the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses History The 24th Infantry Regiment (one of the Buffalo Soldier regiments was organized on 1 November 1869 from the 38th and 41st Infantry Regiments History The first unit to carry this designation was formed June 27, 1812 and disbanded March 3, 1815. The 9th Cavalry Regiment is a Cavalry regiment of the United States Army. The 10th Cavalry Regiment was formed at Fort Leavenworth under the command of Col. Benjamin H. Grierson. Benjamin Henry Grierson (July 8 1826 &ndash August 31 1911 was a music teacher and then a career officer in the United States Army. Today, a monument stands at Fort Leavenworth in tribute to the "Buffalo Soldier" of the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments[1]. Buffalo Soldiers is a Nickname originally applied to the members of the U

The United States Disciplinary Barracks, now a maximum-security military prison, was established in 1875. USDBjpg|right|thumb|250px|A historical view of the USDB - Note date above double doors - 1877 A military prison is a Prison operated by the Military. Military prisons are used variously to house Prisoners of war, Enemy combatants, those

The fort's first Catholic Church was built in 1871, and was later replaced by St. Ignatius Chapel in 1889. St. Ignatius Chapel was destroyed by fire in December 2001. The first Protestant chapel, Memorial Chapel, was built by prison labor in 1878 of stone quarried on post. The round window behind the chapel's front altar was intentionally installed slightly askew by an inmate who was angry at his work boss. This chapel has brass cannon imbedded in the walls at the sides of the church, and photos of many of the officers involved in the early history of the fort, including some of the Custer family.

In 1881, Gen. William T. Sherman established the School of Application for Cavalry and Infantry. That school evolved into the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College. The Command and General Staff College ( C&GSC) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas is a United States Army facility that functions as a Graduate school

20th century

World War I was the first opportunity to evaluate the impact of Sherman's school. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Graduates excelled in planning complex American Expeditionary Forces operations. The American Expeditionary Forces or AEF was the United States military force sent to Europe in World War I. By the end of the war, they dominated staffs throughout the AEF.

In the years between the World Wars, graduates included such officers as Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley and George S. Patton. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Omar Nelson Bradley KCB ( February 12, 1893 &ndash April 8, 1981) was one of the main U For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. During World War II, some 19,000 officers completed various courses at Fort Leavenworth. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including By the end of 1943, commanders and staffs of 26 infantry, airborne and cavalry divisions had trained as teams at the school.

In 1946, the school was given its current name. In 1959, the college moved to the newly built J. Franklin Bell Hall on Arsenal Hill. In 1985, the Harold K. Johnson wing was added to house the Combined Arms and Services Staff School. Eisenhower Hall was dedicated in 1994. Classes for the School of Advanced Military Studies and the School for Command Preparation, as well as the Combined Arms Research Library, are located in Eisenhower Hall.

During World War II, Ann Dunham, mother of Barack Obama, was born at the fort while her father was stationed there. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[6]

Until the early 1970s a battery of four Nike-Hercules Missiles were deployed at Bell Point on a hill on the north side of the fort. Nike-Hercules Missile, designation MIM-14 (initially SAM-N-25) was a Solid fuel propelled Surface-to-air missile, used by US and NATO

The base is served by the Sherman Army Airfield which has a 5,905-foot (1,800 m) runway and operates under a joint agreement with the city of Leavenworth, Kansas that permits civilian aircraft to use it all hours. Sherman Army Airfield is an Airport located at Fort Leavenworth Kansas, in Leavenworth County, Kansas. The airfield was inundated by the Missouri River in levee breaches during the Great Flood of 1951 and Great Flood of 1993

Freedom's Frontier Heritage Area

Fort Leavenworth is considered as one of the most significant historic military installations in the Department of the Army, as well as to the Nation. In mid-July 1951 heavy rains led to a great rise of water in the Kansas River and other surrounding areas The Great Flood of 1993 occurred in the American Midwest, along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries from April to October The Department of the Army is one of the three Service departments in the United States Department of Defense. The fort's 5,634 acres (23 km²) contain a 213-acre (0. 9 km²) National Historic Landmark District (NHLD), which was established in 1974. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the

A number of historic preservation investigations have been conducted over the past few decades at Fort Leavenworth. In 1970, for example, two historic sites were listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP): the Main Parade Ground and the Santa Fe Trail Ruts. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of

During 2006, this historic military site became part of a new Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area. Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army facility located in Leavenworth County Kansas (just north of the city of Leavenworth) in the upper northeast

• Fort Leavenworth is located on the Frontier Military Scenic Byway (Hwy 69 & K-7 corridor), which was originally a military road connecting to Fort Scott and Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. Fort Scott National Historic Site protects 20 historic structures a parade ground and five acres (20000 m² of restored Tallgrass prairie in Bourbon County Fort Gibson, now located in Oklahoma in what is called Fort Gibson Historical Site, was established 1824 in Indian Territory by Col

References

External links

• Freedom's Frontier
• Frontier Army Museum
• Fort Leavenworth Home Page
• Guide for visitors to Fort Leavenworth
• The Fort Leavenworth Lamp Online - Fort Leavenworth's Newspaper
• U.S. Army Combined Arms Center
• U.S. Army Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
• TRADOC Schools
• TRADOC Website

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