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For other uses, see Forsythia (disambiguation).
Forsythia
Forsythia x intermedia
Forsythia x intermedia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Forsythia
Vahl
Species

See text

Forsythia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae (olive family). Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The order Lamiales is a Taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous Flowering plants. The Oleaceae, or olive family, is a Plant family containing 24 extant genera and around 600 Species of Mesophytic The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group The Oleaceae, or olive family, is a Plant family containing 24 extant genera and around 600 Species of Mesophytic There are about 11 species, mostly native to eastern Asia, but one native to southeastern Europe. The common name is also Forsythia; the genus is named after William Forsyth. William Forsyth (1737 - 1804 was a Scottish Botanist. He was a royal Head gardener and a founding member of the Royal Horticultural Society. [1][2][3]

They are deciduous shrubs typically growing to a height of 1–3 m (3–9 ft. Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree ) and, rarely, up to 6 m (18 ft. ), with rough grey-brown bark. Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists The leaves are opposite, usually simple but sometimes trifoliate with a basal pair of small leaflets, and range from 2–10 cm (1–4 in. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. ) in length and, rarely, up to 15 cm (6 in. ) long; the margin is serrated or entire. The flowers are produced in the early spring before the leaves, bright yellow with a deeply four-lobed corolla, the petals joined only at the base. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also A petal (from Ancient Greek petalon "leaf" "thin plate" regarded as a highly modified leaf is one member or part of the corolla The fruit is a dry capsule, containing several winged seeds. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored [1][4]

Species

Sources:[1][2][4][3][5]

A genetic study[6] does not fully match the traditionally accepted species listed above, and groups the species in four clades: (1) F. suspensa; (2) F. europaea — F. giraldiana; (3) F. ovata — F. japonica — F. viridissima; and (4) F. koreana — F. mandschurica — F. saxatilis. Of the additional species, F. koreana is usually cited as a variety of F. viridissima, and F. saxatilis as a variety of F. japonica;[7] the genetic evidence suggests they may be better treated as distinct species.

Forsythias are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Brown-tail and The Gothic. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The Brown-tail ( Euproctis chrysorrhoea) is a Moth of the family Lymantriidae. The Gothic ( Naenia typica) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae.

Cultivation and uses

The hybrids Forsythia × intermedia (F. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. suspensa × F. viridissima) and Forsythia × variabilis (F. ovata × F. suspensa) have been produced in cultivation. [4]

Forsythias are popular early spring flowering shrubs in gardens and parks. A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human Two are commonly cultivated for ornament, Forsythia × intermedia and Forsythia suspensa. They are both spring flowering shrubs, with yellow flowers. They are grown and prized for being tough, reliable garden plants. Forsythia × intermedia is the more commonly grown, is smaller, has an upright habit, and produces strongly coloured flowers. Forsythia suspensa is a large to very large shrub, can be grown as a weeping shrub on banks, and has paler flowers. Many named garden cultivars can also be found. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar [4]

Commercial propagation is usually by cuttings, taken from green wood after flowering in late spring to early summer; alternatively, cuttings may be taken between November and February. Plant propagation is the process of artificially or naturally propagating (distributing or spreading Plants Sexual propagation (seed See also Cutting is the separation of a physical object or a portion of a physical object into two portions through the application of an acutely directed force [4]

F. suspensa (Chinese: 连翘; pinyin: liánqiào) is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs in Chinese herbology. See Herbalism for the non-Chinese tradition of herbology Chinese Herbology ( is the common name for the subject of Chinese Forsythia sticks are used to bow a Korean string instrument called ajaeng. The ajaeng is a Korean String instrument. It is a long Zither with seven Silk strings played by means of a long thin stick made of Forsythia

A Forsythia shrub

Forsythia × intermedia flowers and young leaves

A Forsythia flower

The large size of a single, 50-year old Forsythia

References

  1. ^ a b c Flora of China: Forsythia
  2. ^ a b Flora Europaea: Forsythia
  3. ^ a b St Andrews Botanic Garden: Plant of the Month: Forsythia
  4. ^ a b c d e Huxley, A. , ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  5. ^ University of Oxford, Oleaceae information site: Forsythia
  6. ^ Kim, K. -J. (1999). Molecular phylogeny of Forsythia (Oleaceae) based on chloroplast DNA variation. P. Syst. Evol. 218: 113-123. Abstract.
  7. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Forsythia

External links

Dictionary

forsythia

-noun

  1. Any of several shrubs, of the genus Forsythia, native to Asia and Eastern Europe, that are cultivated for their yellow flowers that bloom in early spring
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