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Bruno Senna drives a Dallara F304 Formula Three Car during a support race at the 2006 Australian Grand Prix
Bruno Senna drives a Dallara F304 Formula Three Car during a support race at the 2006 Australian Grand Prix
Rudolf Dötsch in a March-Toyota at the Nürburgring 1976
Rudolf Dötsch in a March-Toyota at the Nürburgring 1976

Formula Three, also called Formula 3 or F3, is a class of open-wheel formula racing. Bruno Senna Lalli (born October 15 1983 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian racecar driver and the nephew of late three-time Formula Dallara Automobili is an Italian Chassis manufacturer for various Motor racing series being most notable for its near- Monopoly in Formula 3 The 2006 Australian Grand Prix was the third race of the 2006 Formula One World Championship. March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from Britain. (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. The Nürburgring, known as simply " The Ring " by enthusiasts is a Motorsport Race track in Nürburg, Germany. Open-wheel car (Often single-seater car, in UK English describes cars with the wheels outside the car's main body and in most cases one seat Formula racing is a term that refers to various forms of open wheeled single seater motorsport. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America, and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers. Formula Three has traditionally been regarded as the first major stepping stone for F1 hopefuls - it is typically the first point in a driver's career at which most drivers in the series are aiming at professional careers in racing rather than being amateurs and enthusiasts. F3 is not cheap (a competitive seat in British F3 now costs around £400,000 and about £80,000 in Asia, for a year's racing), but is regarded as a key investment in a young driver's future career. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Success in F3 can lead directly to more senior formulae such as GP2, A1 Grand Prix, or even a Formula One test or race seat. For the article about the Asian version of the GP2 series see GP2 Asia Series. History The nation-based A1GP concept was founded by Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum of Dubai, initially in 2004 A test drive is the driving of an Automobile to assess its drivability and general operating state

Contents

History

A typical early car, the Effyh 500 (1947-1952) was built in Malmö, Sweden and was one of the more succesful cars. It had a lightweight tube chassis, aluminium bodywork and was powered by a 500cc JAP engine.
A typical early car, the Effyh 500 (1947-1952) was built in Malmö, Sweden and was one of the more succesful cars. It had a lightweight tube chassis, aluminium bodywork and was powered by a 500cc JAP engine.

Formula Three (adopted by the FIA in 1950) evolved from postwar auto racing, with lightweight tube-frame chassis powered by 500 cc motorcycle engines (notably Nortons and JAP speedway). Post-War is the fifth studio album by M Ward. It was released on August 22 2006 by Merge Records. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It A chassis (plural "chassis" (ˈʃæːsiː ˈtʃæːsiː consists of a framework that supports an inanimate object analogous to an Animal 's MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. JA Prestwich Industries Ltd, was a British engineering company named after founder John Alfred Prestwich, produced cinematographic equipment Internal combustion The 500 cc formula originally evolved in 1946 from low-cost "special" racing organised by enthusiasts in Bristol, England, just before the Second World War; British motorsport after the war picked up slowly, partly due to petrol rationing which continued for a number of years and home-built 500 cc cars engines were intended to be accesibble to the "impecunious enthusist". Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The first post war motor race in Britain was organised by the VSCC in July 1947 at RAF Gransden Lodge, 500cc cars being the only post war class to run that day. The race was won by Eric Brandon in his Cooper Prototype (T2). Eric Brandon ( 18 July 1920 in East Ham, London – 8 August 1982 in Gosport, Hampshire) was a

Cooper came to dominate the formula with mass-produced cars, and the income this generated enabled the company to develop into the senior categories. The Cooper Car Company was founded in 1946 by Charles Cooper and his son John Cooper. Other notable marques included Kieft, JBS and Emeryson in England and Effyh, Monopoletta and Scampolo in Europe. Kieft Cars founded by Cyril Kieft was a British car company that built Formula Three racing cars and some road going sports cars in a factory in Derry St Wolverhampton Emeryson was a Formula One constructor briefly in, and then again briefly in and. John Cooper, along with most other 500 builders, decided to place the engine in the middle of the car, driving the rear wheels. This was mostly due to the practical limitations imposed by chain drive but it gave these cars exceptionally good handling characteristics which eventually led to the mid engined revolution in single seat racing.

The 500cc formula was the usual route into motor racing through the early and mid 1950s (and stars like Stirling Moss continued to enter selected F3 events even during their GP careers). Sir Stirling Craufurd Moss OBE (born September 17, 1929 in London) is a retired racing driver from England. Other notable 500 cc Formula 3 drivers include Stewart Lewis-Evans, Ivor Bueb, Jim Russell, Peter Collins, Don Parker, Ken Tyrrell and Bernie Ecclestone. Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930 near Bungay Suffolk, England) is the president and CEO of 500cc Formula Three declined at an international level during the late 1950s, although it continued at a national level into the early 60s, being eclipsed by Formula Junior for 1000 or 1100 cc cars (on a sliding scale of weights). Formula Junior is a Formula racing class first adopted in October 1958 by the CSI ( International Sporting Commission, the part of the FIA

A one-litre Formula Three category for four-cylinder carburetted cars, with heavily tuned production engines, was reintroduced in 1964 based on the Formula Junior rules and ran to 1970. These engines (a short-stroke unit based on the Ford Anglia[1] with a special 2-valve Cosworth SOHC head being by far the most efficient and popular) tended to rev very highly and were popularly known as "screamers"; F3 races tended to involve large packs of slipstreaming cars. The Ford Anglia was a British car from Ford in the UK. It was related to the Ford Prefect and the later Ford Popular. For other uses see Valve (disambiguation. For the electronic component see Thermionic valve. Cosworth is an Automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 specialising in engines for automobile racing (motorsport Overhead camshaft, commonly abbreviated to OHC, Valvetrain configurations place the engine Camshaft within the Cylinder heads above the In an Internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits atop the cylinders and consists of a platform containing part of the Combustion chamber and the A slipstream is a region of reduced Pressure produced behind an object as it moves through a fluid medium (usually air or as that medium moves around an object The "screamer" years were dominated by Brabham, Lotus and Tecno, with March beginning in 1970. Origins The Brabham team was founded by Jack Brabham and Ron Tauranac, who met in 1951 while both were successfully building and racing cars in their native 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from Britain. Early one-litre F3 chassis tended to descend from Formula Junior designs but quickly evolved. Formula Junior is a Formula racing class first adopted in October 1958 by the CSI ( International Sporting Commission, the part of the FIA

For 1971 new regulations allowing 1600 cc engines with a restricted air intake were introduced. The 1971–73 seasons were contested with these cars, as aerodynamics started to become important.

Two-litre engine rules were introduced for 1974, still with restricted air intakes. As of today engine regulations remain basically unchanged in F3, a remarkable case of stability in racing regulations.

As the likes of Lotus and Brabham faded from F3 to concentrate on Formula One, F3 constructors of the 1970s included Alpine, Lola, March, Modus, GRD, Ralt and Ensign. Alpine is also the name of car models produced by Sunbeam and Chrysler. Lola Racing Cars (also Lola Cars International) is a Racing car Engineering company founded in 1961 by Eric Broadley and based in Huntingdon RALT was a manufacturer of single-seater Racing cars founded by ex- Jack Brabham associate Ron Tauranac after he sold out his interest in Brabham Ensign was a Formula One constructor from Britain. They participated in 133 grands prix entering a total of 155 cars

Historically, March (up to 1981), Ralt (up to the early 1990s) and Reynard (1985–1992) had been the main chassis manufacturers in two-litre F3, with Martini fairly strong in France; Reynard pioneered use of carbon fibre in the mid-1980s replacing traditional aluminium or steel monocoque structures. Reynard Motorsport was at one time the world's largest racing car manufacturer Martini Cars is a constructor of Formula racing cars from France, founded by Tico Martini in 1965 when Martini and partner Bill Knight founded the Winfield Racing WikipediaNaming Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Monocoque, from the French for single ( mono) and shell ( coque) is a construction technique that supports structural load by using an object's external Dallara, after an unsuccessful Formula One project, focussed their attention on the formula in the early nineties and almost obliterated all other marques. Dallara Automobili is an Italian Chassis manufacturer for various Motor racing series being most notable for its near- Monopoly in Formula 3

By the start of the 1980s however, Formula Three had evolved well beyond its humble beginnings to something closely resembling the modern formula. It was seen as the main training ground for future Formula One drivers, many of them bypassing Formula Two to go straight into Grand Prix racing. The chassis became increasingly sophisticated, mirroring the more senior formulae —ground effects were briefly used in the early 1980s but were banned, in line with other FIA single-seater formulae; carbon fibre chassis started to be introduced from the mid 1980s. For another similarly named effect relating to aircraft see Ground effect in aircraft.

1949: Monopoletta-BMW

1960s: Tecno

1970s: Ralt RT 1

1980s: Ralt RT 3

Early 1990s: Reynard 903

2000s: Dallara F305

F3 cars

Formula Three cars are monocoque chassis, using slick racing tyres and wings. Tecno was a Formula One constructor from Italy. It participated in 10 grands prix entering a total of 11 cars and scored one championship point RALT was a manufacturer of single-seater Racing cars founded by ex- Jack Brabham associate Ron Tauranac after he sold out his interest in Brabham Reynard Motorsport was at one time the world's largest racing car manufacturer Dallara Automobili is an Italian Chassis manufacturer for various Motor racing series being most notable for its near- Monopoly in Formula 3 Monocoque, from the French for single ( mono) and shell ( coque) is a construction technique that supports structural load by using an object's external A chassis (plural "chassis" (ˈʃæːsiː ˈtʃæːsiː consists of a framework that supports an inanimate object analogous to an Animal 's This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. WING "ESPN 1410" is a commercial AM radio station in Dayton Ohio operating with 5000 watts at 1410 kHz with studios offices and transmitter located on David Currently, Dallara manufactures the overwhelming majority of F3 cars, though Lola (formerly in partnership with Dome of Japan), Mygale and SLC also have a limited output. Dallara Automobili is an Italian Chassis manufacturer for various Motor racing series being most notable for its near- Monopoly in Formula 3 Lola Racing Cars (also Lola Cars International) is a Racing car Engineering company founded in 1961 by Eric Broadley and based in Huntingdon literally "child's dream" is a Japanese based racing car constructor involved mainly in open wheel and Sports car racing. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Mygale is a French Racing car constructor and contractor that specialises in the production of single seater Chassis for use in Formula In many smaller or amateur F3 racing series older cars are frequently seen. Usually these series are divided into two or more classes, to allow more participation.

Engines in Formula 3 are all 2-litre, 4-cylinder naturally-aspirated spec engines. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. Engines must be built from a production model block ("stock block"), and often must be sealed by race or series organizers, so no private tuning can be carried out. The cylinder block or engine block is a machined casting (or sometimes an assembly of modules containing cylindrically bored holes for the Pistons of a multi-cylinder Engine tuning is the adjustment modification or design of Internal combustion engines to yield optimal performance either in terms of power output or economy Honda engines (prepared by Mugen) have perennially been popular, as have engines produced by Volkswagen, Alfa Romeo, or Renault. () is a Multinational corporation, engine Manufacturer and engineering corporation headquartered in Japan. Mugen_Decaljpg|Mugen Power|thumb|right]] Mugen Motorsports ( M-TEC Co During its history Alfa Romeo has competed successfully in many different categories of motorsport, including Formula One, Sportscar racing, Touring This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. Currently the HWA-tuned Mercedes engine dominates the British and European series, with Mugen, Tom's-Toyota, and Spiess-Opel all being used by some teams. Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors. Volkswagen are returning to F3 later in 2007.

Car regulations

Complete regulations: fia.comPDF (210 KiB)

Championships and Series

Sebastian Vettel demonstrating his Formula Three Euroseries car in 2006.
Sebastian Vettel demonstrating his Formula Three Euroseries car in 2006. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International Sebastian Vettel (born July 3 1987 in Heppenheim) is a German race car driver The Formula Three Euroseries is a European-based junior single seater formula for Formula Three chassis that was launched (in its current form in 2003

There has never been a World Championship for Formula Three. In the 1970s and into the 1980s the European Formula Three Championship and British Formula Three Championship (once one series had emerged from the competing British series in the 1970s) were the most prominent, with a number of future Formula One champions coming from them. The British Formula Three Championship is a national motor racing championship that takes place primarily in the United Kingdom with a small number of events in mainland France, Germany, and Italy also had important Formula Three series, but interest in these was originally subsidiary to national formulae—Formula Renault in France and Formula Super Vee in Germany (also seen in the U. Formula Renault is a class of Formula racing founded in 1971 It is popular in Europe and other countries Formula Super Vee was a type of Open-wheel motor created to act as a platform for the promotion of VW products playing much the same role in the 1970s as formulae S. ). These nations eventually drifted towards Formula Three. The Italian series tended to attract older drivers who moved straight across from karting whereas in other nations drivers typically graduated to F3 after a couple of years in minor categories. For other meanings see Kart (disambiguation Kart racing or karting is a variant of Open-wheel Motor sport with The European series died out in the mid 1980s and the national series became correspondingly more important. Brazil's SudAm Formula Three championship, which now has the most powerful engine of all Formula Three series, was known for producing excellent drivers who polished their skills in the British Formula Three championship. Perhaps the most curious of all was the small All-Japan Formula Three championship. also known as Japanese Formula Three, is a national motor racing championship that takes place in Japan. Although few drivers spent a significant amount of time there, future stars such as Ralf Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve scored victories there. Ralf Schumacher (born June 30, 1975 in Hürth-Hermülheim near Cologne is a German racing driver and the younger brother of seven-time Personal and early life Jacques Villeneuve was born in the Canadian city of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu to then soon to be Formula One driver Gilles An Asian series was established in 2001 and grew to produce current A1 drivers for Indonesia and Australia. For 2003, French and German F3, both suffering from a lack of competitive entrants, merged to recreate the F3 Euroseries. The Formula Three Euroseries is a European-based junior single seater formula for Formula Three chassis that was launched (in its current form in 2003 In Germany there is still a lower-key Formula Three series called the Recaro Cup Formul3. de. The most recent Formula One racer to come out through Formula Three ranks is BMW-Sauber driver Robert Kubica, who finished seventh overall in the Formula Three Euroseries in 2004, and converted a pole position to second place in that year's prestigious Macau Grand Prix. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 Sauber is a Swiss constructor of racing cars for Sportscar racing and Formula One. Robert Kubica ( /'rɔbɛrt ku'bitsa/ ("koo-bit-sa" born December 7, 1984 in Kraków, Poland) is the first Polish The Macau Grand Prix is a motor-racing event held annually in November in the streets of Macau.

Special races

In addition to the many national series, Formula Three is known for major non-championship races typically including entries from the national series, the best-known of which is the FIA Inter-continental Cup at Macau. The first Formula Three Grand Prix of Macau was held in 1983 and won by Ayrton Senna. Ayrton Senna da Silva ( pronounced, March 21, 1960 &ndash May 1, 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver and triple Michael Schumacher, David Coulthard, Ralf Schumacher and Takuma Sato have also won there, traditionally the end of the Formula Three season, where drivers from almost every national series participate. Michael Schumacher (German pronunciation;) (born January 3, 1969, in Hürth-Hermülheim, Germany) is a former Formula David Marshall Coulthard, often called DC, (born 27 March 1971 in Twynholm, Kirkcudbrightshire) is a British Formula One racing driver Ralf Schumacher (born June 30, 1975 in Hürth-Hermülheim near Cologne is a German racing driver and the younger brother of seven-time is a Japanese Formula One Automobile racing driver He is currently without a drive due to the withdrawal of the Super Aguri team after four races of the

Other major ‘crossover’ races include the Grand Prix of Pau, the BP Ultimate Masters of Formula 3 (formerly held at Zandvoort, now at Zolder), and the Korean Superprix at Changwon. The Grand Prix de Pau is an Auto race held annually in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, southwestern France. The RTL GP Masters of Formula 3 is a Formula 3 race held annually usually at the Circuit Zandvoort in The Netherlands. Circuit Park Zandvoort is a Motorsport Race track located in the dunes near the town of Zandvoort, in the Netherlands, near the North The Circuit Zolder, also known as Circuit Terlaemen, is an undulating 4 Changwon is a city in and the capital of South Gyeongsang Province in South Korea. These events give fans in locations not visited by other major series to experience major international racing.

The Monaco F3 Grand Prix held until 1997 was also a famous special race. The Monaco Grand Prix (Grand Prix de Monaco is a Formula One race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. It has been restored for 2005 as a part of the F3 Euroseries.

List of Formula 3 Series

Principal Series

The champions of these series can be given FIA Super Licences valid for 12 months. The FIA Super Licence is a qualification allowing the Licence holder to take part in Formula One Grands Prix as a driver [2]

Other Series

Defunct Series

Sourced from [1]

See also

Notes and References

  1. ^ Gauld, Graham, "Ford", in World of Automobiles (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 6, p. The Formula Three Euroseries is a European-based junior single seater formula for Formula Three chassis that was launched (in its current form in 2003 The British Formula Three Championship is a national motor racing championship that takes place primarily in the United Kingdom with a small number of events in mainland See also Formula Three Italian Formula Three Championship is the Formula Three racing competition in Italy. The German Formula Three Championship &ndash currently titled the ATS Formel 3 Cup &ndash is Germany 's national Formula Three series also known as Japanese Formula Three, is a national motor racing championship that takes place in Japan. The Spanish Formula Three Championship is a junior Formula racing series based in Spain. The Asian Formula Three Championship is a single-seater racing series based in South East Asia. The Kumho Tyres Australian Formula 3 Championship is a fully approved FIA Formula 3 categoryand is now the Official Australian Drivers' Championship. Formula Three Sudamericana is the official name for the South American Formula Three Championship French Formula Three Championship is the name of a former French Formula Three racing competition The Swiss Formula 3 Championship is a Level 2 European F3 car racing series made up of circuit races and also hillclimbs FIA European Formula Three Championship was a former European Formula Three racing competition ruled by the FIA. The FIA European Formula Three Cup was a Formula 3 single race held annually at the Bugatti Circuit, Le Mans, France from 1985 to 1990 and at For the article about the Asian version of the GP2 series see GP2 Asia Series. 696
  2. ^ "APPENDIX L TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPORTING CODE", FIA, 2007-03-27, pp. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates  Qualifi cation for the Super licence (Article 5. 1 iii-f). Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat  

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