A formateur is a politician who is appointed by the head of state to lead the formation of a coalition government, after either a general election or the collapse of a previous government. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a Cabinet of a parliamentary Government in which several parties cooperate A general election is an Election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election The role of the formateur is especially important in the politics of Belgium, The Netherlands[1], Israel, and the Czech Republic. Politics of Belgium takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic Constitutional monarchy, whereby the The politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary Representative democracy, a Constitutional monarchy and a Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, These countries have a parliamentary system, where the executive is elected by the legislature. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation They also use proportional representation for elections to parliament, and do not have a two-party system, so coalition governments are common. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes A two-party system is a form of Party system where two major Political parties dominate voting in nearly all Elections at every There may be several combinations of parties which might form a coalition. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral
The formateur most often comes from the largest party in the future coalition (although an even larger party may remain in the opposition) and generally becomes the new head of government if the formation succeeds. Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government particularly in a Westminster -based Parliamentary system This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State In a constitutional monarchy, this appointment is an exercise of reserve power, and is one of the rare moments when an otherwise powerless monarch still may play a significant political role. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of Government, a reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the Head of state without the
In game theory and political science, the term formateur party is used to describe the party that makes a proposal in a bargaining process, most often when modeling a government formation. Game theory is a branch of Applied mathematics that is used in the Social sciences (most notably Economics) Biology, Engineering, Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems
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Informateur
The formateur's work may be preceded by one or more informateurs, also appointed by the head of state. The informateur is not expected to finalize a coalition, but attempts to find enough points of agreement to identify a likely coalition, from which a formateur is then selected. The informateur should be someone not otherwise considered for ministerial office, although some do obtain a portfolio in the future government. A ministry is a specialised organisation responsible for a sector of Government Public administration, sometimes led by a minister, but usually a senior The role is often filled by an experienced, retired statesperson, often a former government minister or party leader. A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. In Politics, a party leader is the most powerful and highest ranking official within a Political party.
These positions are not described in any law, but they tend to become part of political tradition. A Code is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted by a Political culture can be defined as "The orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political Informateurs have become customary in Belgium and the Netherlands since the 1950s.
Belgium
In Belgian political parties, nearly identical political ideologies are represented by distinct parties for each language. Belgium is a federation with a Multi-party political system with numerous parties who factually have no chance of gaining power alone and therefore must work with each other to form This may lead to coalitions of four or more parties. The post of informateur became too prestigious to risk failure, so new terms for essentially the same task were introduced, such as "royal mediator" and "explorer" after the 2007 Belgian government formation failed for months to produce a clear prospect for a majority. The 2007–2008 Belgian government formation followed the general election of 10 June, 2007, and consisted of a period of negotiation in which the Flemish
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, the coalition usually comprises two or three parties. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
The informateur, who researches the possible coalition options before a new cabinet is formed, is often a veteran politician, member of the Eerste Kamer or Council of State. The cabinet of the Netherlands is the main executive body of the Dutch government. The cabinet of the Netherlands is the main executive body of the Dutch government. The Eerste Kamer ( First Chamber) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament the States-General In the Netherlands, the Council of State ( Raad van State) is a Constitutionally established advisory body to the Government which consists of Often the informateur presides over talks with possible coalition partners, leading to a communal program, the regeerakkoord. Sometimes, after the formation of a cabinet, the informateur becomes a minister. A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. [2] Piet Hein Donner was the informateur of the Balkenende-I cabinet. Jan Pieter Hendrik Donner (born 20 October 1948 in Amsterdam) is Dutch Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the
Often the formateur presides over the talks about the ministerial positions that are held between the parties that have already established a regeerakkoord. [1] The formateur is appointed by the monarch. The Netherlands has been an independent Monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau As the leader of the largest party, the formateur usually becomes prime minister. The Prime minister of the Netherlands is the Head of government of the Netherlands and is the chair of the Dutch cabinet, and Jan Peter Balkenende was the formateur of the Balkenende-II cabinet. Jan Peter Balkenende (pronounced ˈjɑn ˈpetər ˈbɑɫkənɛndə) (born 7 May 1956 is a Christian Democratic politician who has been the Prime Minister of the
Subnational government
In provincial and municipal politics, a formateur can also be appointed. A Dutch province represents the administrative layer in between the national government and the local municipalities having the responsibility for matters of subnational or regional |||} All provinces of the Netherlands are divided into municipalities ( gemeenten) together 443 (2007 In the past, the negotiations were lead by the largest party; but especially in tough negotiations, a formateur is appointed to be a "chairman" during the negotiations which is somewhat more neutral. The difference with a formateur on national level is that this local formateur does not report to the queen, but to the mayor (municipal) or the Queen's Commissioner (provincial). A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The King's Commissioner (Commissaris van de Koning is the head of a Province in the Netherlands, who is chairman of both the Provinciale Staten (PS the
References
- ^ a b Taken formateur ("The role of a formateur") (Dutch). Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Tweede Kamer. The Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal ( literally "Second Chamber of the States-General" short Tweede Kamer, is the Dutch Lower house. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ Taken informateur ("The role of an informateur") (Dutch). Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Tweede Kamer. The Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal ( literally "Second Chamber of the States-General" short Tweede Kamer, is the Dutch Lower house. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
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