- For other uses of this term, see foreign body (disambiguation)
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| Effects of foreign body entering through natural orifice Classification and external resources |
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| Endoscopy image of gastric foreign body (toothbrush) | |
| ICD-10 | T15.-T19. |
| ICD-9 | 930-939 |
In physiology, a foreign body (Latin: corpus alienum) is any object originating outside the body. Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. The toothbrush is an instrument consisting of a small Brush on a handle used to clean Teeth through Tooth brushing. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09 Head ( Superficial Injury of head ( Superficial injury of S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09 Head ( Superficial Injury of head ( Superficial injury of The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical In machinery, it can mean any unwanted intruding object.
Foreign bodies in humans
Foreign bodies typically become lodged in the eyes, ears, nose, airways, and rectum which are the main orifices of human beings. Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain The ear is the sense organ that detects Sounds The Vertebrate ear shows a common biology from Fish to Humans with variations Anatomically a nose is a protuberance in Vertebrates that houses the Nostrils or nares which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the The airways are those parts of the Respiratory system through which air flows to get from the external environment to the Alveoli. The rectum (from the Latin rectum intestinum, meaning straight intestine) is the final straight portion of the Large intestine in some Mammals Foreign bodies can be in hollow organs (like swallowed batteries) or in tissues (like bullets). In electronics a battery is a combination of two or more Electrochemical cells which store chemical Energy which can be converted into electrical energy They can be inert or irritating. If they irritate they will cause inflammation and scarring. Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens Scars (also called cicatrices) are areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal Skin (or other tissue after injury They can bring infection into the body or acquire infectious agents and protect them from the body's immune defenses. An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor They can obstruct passageways either by their size or by the scarring they cause. Some can be toxic. Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism
Both children and adults experience problems caused by foreign objects getting stuck in their bodies. Young children, in particular, are naturally curious and may intentionally put shiny objects, such as coins or button batteries, into their mouths. They also like to stick things in their ears and up their noses. [1] Adults may accidentally swallow a non-food object or inhale a foreign body that gets stuck in the throat. Airborne particles can lodge in the eyes of people at any age. These foreign bodies often result in allergies which are either temporary or even turn into a chronic allergy. Allergy is a disorder of the Immune system often also referred to as Atopy. This is especially evident in the case of dust particles. Dust is a general name for minute Solid particles with Diameters less than 500 micrometers.
Most objects that are swallowed will, if they have passed the pharynx, pass all the way through the gastrointestinal tract. The pharynx (plural pharynges) is the part of the Neck and Throat situated immediately Posterior to (behind the Mouth and Nasal Rarely an object becomes arrested (usually in the terminal ileum or the rectum) or a sharp object penetrates the bowel wall. In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the ileum is the final section of the Small intestine. The rectum (from the Latin rectum intestinum, meaning straight intestine) is the final straight portion of the Large intestine in some Mammals In Anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the Stomach to the Anus and in humans and other mammals consists If the person who swallowed the foreign body is doing well, usually a x-ray image will be taken which will show any metal objects, and this will be repeated a few days later to confirm that the object has passed all the way through the digestive system. X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. Also it needs to be confirmed that the object is not stuck in the airways, in the bronchial tree. If the foreign body causes problems like pain, vomiting or bleeding it must be removed. Also swallowed mercury batteries should be removed as soon as possible as they are very dangerous especially to small children. A mercury battery (also called mercuric oxide battery, or mercury cell) is a non-rechargeable electrochemical battery, a Primary cell.
Foreign bodies in animals
Foreign bodies are common in animals, especially dogs and cats. The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order WikipediaManual of Style (spelling, articles should conform to one overall spelling style of English typically the one most linked to the article topic (if it is geographic Dogs will readily eat toys, bones, and any object that either has food on it or retains the odor of food. Unlike humans, dogs are susceptible to gastrointestinal obstruction due to their ability to swallow relatively large objects and pass them through the esophagus. The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in Foreign bodies most commonly become lodged in the stomach because of the inability to pass through the pyloric sphincter, and in the jejunum. In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following The pylorus (from Greek πυλωρος = "gate guard" is the region of the Stomach that connects to the Duodenum. In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the jejunum is the central of the three divisions of the Small intestine and lies between the Duodenum and Symptoms of gastrointestinal obstruction include vomiting, abdominal pain, and depression due to dehydration. Dehydration ( hypohydration) is the removal of Water ( hydro in ancient Greek) from an object Peritonitis results if either the stomach or intestine has ruptured. Peritonitis is defined as Inflammation of the Peritoneum (the Serous membrane which lines part of the abdominal cavity and some of the Viscera Foreign bodies in the stomach can sometimes be removed by endoscopic retrieval or if necessary by gastrotomy. Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. Foreign bodies in the jejunum are removed by enterotomy.
Certain foreign bodies in animals are especially problematic. Bones or objects with sharp edges may cause tearing of the wall of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine and lead to peritonitis. Pennies swallowed in large numbers may cause zinc poisoning, which in dogs leads to severe gastroenteritis and hemolytic anemia. A penny (pl pence or pennies) is a Coin or a unit of Currency used in several English -speaking countries Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Gastroenteritis (also known as gastro, gastric flu, and stomach flu, although unrelated to Influenza) is Inflammation of the Hemolytic anemia is Anemia due to Hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of Red blood cells (RBCs either in the Blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis Linear foreign bodies can especially be dangerous. A linear foreign body is usually a length of string or yarn with a larger object or clump of material at either end. One end is usually lodged in the stomach or proximal small intestine and the other end continues to travel through the intestines. The material becomes tightly stretched and the intestines may be lacerated by it. This is especially common in cats who may enjoy playing with a ball of string or yarn. Sometimes the linear foreign body anchors in the mouth by catching under the tongue. Pantyhose is a common linear foreign body in dogs.
References
- ^ MERCK MANUAL, Professional edition, Ear, Nose, Throat, and Dental Disorders.
External links
- Case report of Foreign Body Ingestion. Clinical Cases and Images.
- The Susy Safe Project. A Surveillance System on Suffocation Injuries due to Foreign Bodies in European Children.
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