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Ford Foundation
Founder(s) Henry & Edsel Ford
Founded 1936
Headquarters New York, New York, United States
Focus Advance Human Welfare
Method Grants, Funding
Endowment $13. An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of New York A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested 7 billion USD
Website www.fordfound.org

The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation incorporated in Michigan and based in New York City created to fund programs that was chartered in 1936 by Edsel Ford and Henry Ford. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A foundation is a legal categorization of Nonprofit organizations. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The City of New York Edsel Bryant Ford ( November 6, 1893 &ndash May 26, 1943) son of Henry Ford, was born in Detroit. Henry Ford ( July 30, 1863 &ndash April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of

The foundation makes grants through its New York headquarters and through twelve international field offices. In fiscal year 2007, it reported assets of $13. 7 billion and approved $530 million in grants[1] for projects that focused on strengthening democratic values, community and economic development, education, media, arts and culture, and human rights. [2]

Contents

History

The Ford Foundation was chartered on January 15, 1936 in Michigan by Edsel Ford and two Ford Motor Company executives "to receive and administer funds for scientific, educational and charitable purposes, all for the public welfare". Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Edsel Bryant Ford ( November 6, 1893 &ndash May 26, 1943) son of Henry Ford, was born in Detroit. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following [3] During its early years, the foundation operated in Michigan under the leadership of Ford family members and their associates, and supported such organizations as the Henry Ford Hospital, Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum, among others. Henry Ford Hospital is a part of the Henry Ford Health System located in Detroit Michigan. The Henry Ford, a National Historic Landmark, (also known as the Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village, and more formally as the Edison Institute

After the deaths of Edsel Ford in 1943 and Henry Ford in 1947, the presidency of the Ford Foundation fell to Edsel's eldest son, Henry Ford II. Henry Ford ( July 30, 1863 &ndash April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of Under Henry II's leadership, the Ford Foundation board of trustees commissioned a report to determine how the foundation should continue. The committee, headed by California attorney H. Rowan Gaither, recommended that the foundation should commit to promoting peace, freedom, and education throughout the world. Horace Rowan Gaither Jr (1909 &ndash April 13, 1961) known as H It provided funding for various projects, including the pre-existing network, National Educational Television, which went on the air in 1952. National Educational Television was an educational Television network in the USA from 1952 to 1970 However, the Ford Foundation, with the help of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting shut it down and replaced it with the Public Broadcasting Service in October of 1970. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB is a private non-profit corporation created by an act of the United States Congress and partially funded by the United States The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the The board of directors decided to diversify the foundation's portfolio and gradually divested itself of its substantial Ford Motor Company stock between 1956 and 1974. Through this divestiture, the Ford Motor Company became a public company in 1956. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc

Other than its name, the Ford Foundation has not had any connections to the Ford Motor Company nor the Ford family for over thirty years. Henry Ford II, the last family member on the board of trustees, resigned from the foundation board in 1976, encouraging foundation staff to remain open to new ideas and work to strengthen the country’s economic system. Henry Ford II ( September 4, 1917 — September 29, 1987) commonly known as "HF2" and "Hank the Deuce" was the son

Major Grants and Initiatives

Based on recommendations outlined in the 1950 Gaither report, the foundation, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, expanded its grant making to include support for higher education, the arts, economic development, civil rights, and the environment, among other areas.

In 1951, Ford made its first grant to support the development of the public broadcasting system. [4] These grants continued, and in 1969 the foundation gave $1 million to the Children’s Television Workshop to help create and launch “Sesame Street”. Sesame Street is an American educational Children's television series and a pioneer of the contemporary educational television standard combining [5]

In 1952, the foundation’s first international field office opened in New Delhi, India. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India.

Throughout the 1950s, the foundation provided a series of arts and humanities fellowships that supported the work of figures like Josef Albers, James Baldwin, Saul Bellow, E. E. Cummings, Flannery O'Connor, Jacob Lawrence, Robert Lowell, and Margaret Mead. Josef Albers ( March 19 1888 – March 25 1976) was a German artist mathematician and educator whose work both in Europe and in James Baldwin may refer to James Baldwin (editor and author (1841&ndash1925 James Baldwin (writer (1924&ndash1987 Saul Bellow, born Solomon Bellows ( June 10, 1915 – April 5, 2005) was an acclaimed Canadian -born American Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14 1894 &ndash September 3 1962 popularly known as E Mary Flannery O'Connor ( March 25 1925 &ndash August 3 1964) was an American Novelist, Short-story Jacob Lawrence ( September 7, 1917 - June 9, 2000) was an African American painter; he was married to fellow artist Robert Lowell (March 1 1917&ndashSeptember 12 1977 born Robert Traill Spence Lowell IV, was an American Poet whose works confessional in nature Margaret Mead ( December 16, 1901, Philadelphia &ndash November 15, 1978, New York City) was an American

In 1976, the foundation helped launch the Grameen Bank, which offers small loans to the rural poor of Bangladesh. The Grameen Bank (গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক is a Microfinance organization and Community development bank started in Bangladesh that In 2006, the Grameen Bank and its founder, Muhammad Yunus, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for pioneering micro-credit. Muhammad Yunus (মুহাম্মদ ইউনুস pronounced bn-Latn ''Muhammôd Iunus'' (born 28 June 1940 is a Bangladeshi Banker and Economist The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor [6]

In the late 1980s, the foundation began making grants to fight the AIDS epidemic, which included support for the establishment of a $4. 5 million program to improve AIDS education and treatment in communities around the country.

In 2000, the foundation launched the International Fellowships Program (IFP) with a 12-year, $280 million grant, the largest in its history. IFP provides fellowships to students from marginalized communities outside the U. S. to pursue graduate studies at universities anywhere in the world. Fellows are selected in 22 countries in Asia, Russia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America where the foundation has grant-making programs. Fellowships support study fields that relate to the foundation's many and diverse grant-making areas. [7]

For many years, the foundation topped annual lists compiled by the Foundation Center of U. S. foundations with the most assets and the highest annual giving; however, the foundation has fallen a few places in those lists in recent years, especially with the establishment of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (B&MGF is the largest transparently operated Private foundation in the world founded by Bill and Melinda In 2006, the foundation was 2nd and far behind the Gates Foundation in terms of assets and 4th in terms of annual grant giving. [8]

Current Programs

The Ford Foundation's grant making teams work in three broad program areas. The teams were set up to advance the core elements of the foundation's mission: strengthen democractic values, reduce poverty and injustice, promote international cooperation and advance human achievement.

Reducing Poverty: Asset Building and Community Development Program The Asset Building and Community Development team works to reduce poverty by funding projects that help people in the United States and around the world build wealth and join the economic mainstream.

Over the last decade, Ford has helped pioneer new programs that make it possible for low-income families to become homeowners and create savings. It has sought out new partnerships with the financial industry to bring banking and financial services to a greater number of low-income families and individuals.

This grant making team also works to improve the livelihoods of people living in rural communities, and funds job training and education programs that help the poor boost their earning power and strengthen long-term economic security. [9]

Strengthening Democracy and International Cooperation: Peace and Social Justice Program The Peace and Social Justice team works to strengthen deomcratic values and promote international cooperation by funding efforts to reduce conflict, build accountable governments and protect human rights.

The foundation is one of the largest funders of programs around the world that help promote good governance, strengthen democracy, protect human rights and fight corruption.

It also supports programs that promote the peaceful resolution of conflict and build the capacity of new, local philanthropies around the world that serve the poor. [10]

Advancing Human Achievement: Knowledge, Creativity and Freedom Program The Knowledge, Creativity and Freedom team works to advance human achievement through support of the arts, education, media and cultural initiatives.

For decades, Ford has been a major funder of efforts to give more students access to higher education, improve the quality of public schools, and build new fields of scholarly research.

The foundation's grantees also create new opportunities for cultural and artistic expression, especially among the poor and marginalized. In 2006, Ford announced a new program to strengthen the livelihoods of individual artists. [11]

Atrium

Built in 1967 by the firm of Roche-Dinkleloo, the Ford Foundation building was the first large-scale architectural building in the country to devote a substantial portion of its space to horticultural pursuits. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. This atrium was designed with the notion of having accessible urban greenspace to all, and is an example of the applications of environmental psychology. In modern Architecture, an atrium (plural atria is a large open space often several stories high and having a glazed roof and/or large windows often situated within an Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field focused on the interplay between humans and their surroundings The building was recognized in 1968 by the Architectural Record as "a new kind of urban space". Architectural Record is an American monthly Magazine dedicated to Architecture and Interior design, published by McGraw-Hill This design concept was later extended to include many of the indoor shopping malls and skyscrapers built in subsequent decades. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building a landmark in the mid-1990s. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission is the New York City agency charged with administering the city's Landmarks Preservation Law.

Critics

Over the course of its history, the Ford Foundation has been a target of criticism from both the political left and the right.

In 1968, the foundation began disbursing $12 million to persuade law schools to make "law school clinics" part of their curriculum. A law school (also known as a school of law or college of law) is an institution specializing in Legal education. Clinics were intended to give practical experience in law practice while providing pro bono representation to the poor. Pro bono publico (usually shortened to pro bono) is a Phrase derived from Latin meaning "for the public good However, critics charge that the clinics have been used instead as an avenue for the professors to engage in political activism. Critics cite the financial involvement of the Ford Foundation as the turning point when such clinics began to change from giving practical experience to engaging in advocacy. [12]

The former Binghamton University professor of sociology, James Petras, and other critics accuse the Foundation of being a front organization for the CIA. The State University of New York at Binghamton (SUNY Binghamton or Binghamton University is one of the four university centers in New York State’s system of James Petras is a retired Bartle Professor (Emeritus of Sociology at Binghamton University, SUNY, New York, U A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization such as intelligence agencies, Organized crime groups banned organizations religious near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Petras names the exchange of high-ranking personnel between the CIA and the Foundation, Ford Foundation's big donations to the CIA-front Congress for Cultural Freedom, the former Foundation president Richard Bissell's relationship with DCI Allen Dulles and involvement with the Marshall Plan during the 1950s, among other things. The Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF was an anti-communist advocacy group founded in 1950. Richard Bissell may refer to Richard M Bissell Jr (1909-1994 CIA Director for Plans Richard Pike Bissell (1913-1977 author/playwright Director of the Central Intelligence Agency ( D/CIA) serves as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which is part of the United States Intelligence Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7 1893 &ndash January 29 1969 was the first civilian and the longest serving (1953-1961 Director of Central Intelligence (de-facto head of The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger According to Petras, the Ford Foundation funds "anti-leftist human rights groups which focus on attacking human rights violations of U. S. adversaries". [13]

Another American academic, Joan Roelofs, in Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism (State University of New York Press, 2003) argues that Ford and similar foundations play a key role in co-opting opposition movements: "While dissent from ruling class ideas is labeled 'extremism' and is isolated, individual dissenters may be welcomed and transformed. Indeed, ruling class hegemony is more durable if it is not rigid and narrow, but is able dynamically to incorporate emergent trends. " She reports that John J. McCloy, while chairman of the Foundation's board of trustees, ". John Jay McCloy ( March 31, 1895, Philadelphia Pennsylvania &ndash March 11, 1989, Stamford Connecticut) was a Lawyer . . thought of the Foundation as a quasi-extension of the U. S. government. It was his habit, for instance, to drop by the National Security Council (NSC) in Washington every couple of months and casually ask whether there were any overseas projects the NSC would like to see funded. The White House National Security Council ( NSC) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering National " Roelofs also charges that the Ford Foundation financed counter-insurgency programs in Indonesia and other countries. See also Insurgency In the context of an occupation or a Civil war, counter-insurgency (abbreviated COIN is a military term for the combat The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia.

In 2003, The Ford Foundation was critiqued by pro-Israel U. S. news service Jewish Telegraphic Agency, among others, for supporting Palestinian NGOs that undertook anti-Zionist activities at the 2001 World Conference Against Racism and that were accused of anti-semitism. The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA is an international News agency serving Jewish community Newspapers and media around the world The World Conference against Racism ( WCAR) are international events organized by the UNESCO in order to struggle against racism ideologies and behaviours Under considerable duress by several members of Congress, chief among them Rep. Jerrold Nadler, the Foundation apologized and then prohibited the promotion of "violence, terrorism, bigotry or the destruction of any state" among its grantees, itself sparking protest among university provosts and various non-profit groups on free speech issues. Jerrold Lewis Nadler sometimes called Jerry Nadler (born June 13, 1947) is an American politician from New York City. [14]

In 2005, Michigan Attorney General Mike Cox began a probe of the foundation. Mike Cox (born 1961 is the 52nd Michigan Attorney General, having served since January 1, 2003. Though the Ford Foundation is headquartered in New York City, it is chartered in Michigan, giving the state some jurisdiction, although many foundations are chartered in states different from where they are headquartered. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Cox focused on its governance, potential conflicts of interest among board members, and what he viewed as its poor record of giving to charities in Michigan considering its origins. Between 1998 and 2002, the Ford Foundation gave Michigan charities about $2. 5 million per year, far less than many other charities its size. The foundation countered that an extensive review and report by the Gaither Study Committee in 1949 had recommended that the foundation broaden its scope beyond Michigan to national and international grant-making. The report was fully endorsed by Ford's board, and the trustees subsequently voted to move the foundation to New York in 1953. [15] Cox hoped that his probe would prod the foundation into giving more to Michigan charities, and indeed it was met with some success. [16] [17]

Presidents

Source[18]

References

  1. ^ Financial Statement. Luis A Ubiñas is the ninth president of the Ford Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  2. ^ 2005 Annual Report. Retrieved on 2006-09-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers
  3. ^ Bak, Richard. Henry and Edsel: The Creation of the Ford Empire.  
  4. ^ Current.org. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont
  5. ^ IMDB. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont
  6. ^ Norwegian Nobel Committee. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont
  7. ^ Foundation Center. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont
  8. ^ Foundation Center. Retrieved on 2007-11-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,
  9. ^ Ford Foundation Website. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
  10. ^ Ford Foundation Website. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
  11. ^ Ford Foundation Website. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
  12. ^ Mac Donald, Heather. "Clinical, Cynical", Wall Street Journal, 2006-01-11, p. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.  A14. Retrieved on 2006-07-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France.  
  13. ^ Petras, James (2001-12-15). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of The Ford Foundation and the CIA: A documented case of philanthropic collaboration with the Secret Police. Retrieved on 2007-10-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
  14. ^ Sherman, Scott. "Target Ford", The Nation, 2006-06-05. This article is about the US Publication. For other newspapers magazines and alternate uses by the same name see The Nation (disambiguation. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Retrieved on 2006-10-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid  
  15. ^ "Ford Foundation web site". Retrieved on 2007-11-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,  
  16. ^ Howes, Daniel. "Ford Foundation probed; AG claims Mich. left out", Detroit News, 2006-04-02. The Detroit News is one of the two major newspapers in the US Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Retrieved on 2006-07-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France.  
  17. ^ "Ford Foundation website press release", 2005-12-02. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Retrieved on 2007-11-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,  
  18. ^ Ford Foundation Presidents. Ford Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-09-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.

Further reading

See also

External links

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