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See also: Educational Management Organization

For-profit schools are educational institutions that are run by private, profit-seeking companies or organizations. For-profit schools are Educational institutions that are run by private profit-seeking Companies or Organizations, selling education to those who want to Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Generally a company is a form of Business organization. The precise definition varies An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and

There are two major types of for-profit schools. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" The first type operates as a business, receiving fees from each student it enrolls. A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to The second type is known as an educational management organization, or EMO. EMOs work with school districts or charter schools, using public funds to finance operations. School districts are a form of Special-purpose district which serves to operate the local public primary and secondary schools Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but The majority of for-profit schools in the K-12 sector in America function as EMOs, and have grown in number in recent years. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

EMOs function differently from charter schools created in order to carry out a particular teaching pedagogy; most charter schools are mission-oriented, while EMOs and other for-profit institutions are market-oriented. Pedagogy (ˈpɛdəgɒdʒi or paedagogy is the Art or Science of being a Teacher. While supporters argue that the profit motive encourages efficiency it has also drawn controversy and criticism.

There was a boom in the 1990s in the for-profit college and university sector, particularly in the United States. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects

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Growth of for-profit schools

Although for-profit schools still make up only a small percentage of America's educational institutions, in just a few years their numbers have grown dramatically. In February, 2000, there were hundreds of thousands of students being taught at 200 for-profit facilities, with approximately six percent of students nationally enrolled at a for-profit institution [1] Eduventures, Inc, a Boston research firm, states that nine percent of all U. S. college and graduate students attend for-profit institutions. [2]

Between 1998 and 2000 a Boston-based company named Advantage Schools saw its revenue increase from $4 million to approximately $60 million. [3]. Between 1995 and 2000 the Edison Schools' yearly revenues grew from $12 million to $217 million. Edison Schools Inc is a for- Profit education management organization for Public schools in the United States and the United Kingdom In 2000 Edison Schools projected that by 2006 it would manage about 423 schools with 260,000 students, giving it revenue of $1. 8 billion. [3]

Potential benefits

Supporters claim that for-profit school operate more efficiently. Moreover, they argue that financial competition encourages the schools to seek out better qualified teachers. For-profit schools rely on attracting students rather than compelling attendance and therefore tend to be more responsive to parents' wishes, and encourage policies that address bottom-line academic performance.

Potential drawbacks

One major point of opposition to for-profit schools is the question of ethics. Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life Opponents say that the fundamental purpose of an educational institution is to educate, not to turn a profit. In 2000, Bob Chase, president of the National Education Association, stated that "Educating children is very different from producing a product. The National Education Association ( NEA) is the largest professional organization in the United States, representing Public school Teachers and "

Others claim that because for-profit schools have never been a mainstream idea, no thorough blueprint for running a for-profit institution really exists, which may lead school administration to make disastrous mistakes. A blueprint is a type of paper-based reproduction usually of a Technical drawing, documenting an Architecture or an Engineering design For example, in order to maximize profit, valuable services and activities are often eliminated. Extracurricular activities such as sports teams or volunteer clubs are left with little or no budgeting in order to keep costs low. This loss of non-academic activities may hurt a child's ability to enroll in some colleges or universities later on. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The two largest EMOs in operation today, Edison and Advantage, claimed to have high school juniors completing college-level coursework, but recent studies have shown that many of these students are performing at or below the 11th-grade level. [3]

The same profit motive can also lead to weak admission and academic standards, misrepresentations made to prospective students to induce them to enroll, and cost savings realized at the expense of education. Misrepresentation is a Contract law concept It means a false statement of fact made by one party to another party which has the effect of inducing that party into the contract Several of the largest for-profit education schools have alleged to have suffered from these situations including University of Phoenix (a division of Apollo) and ITT Technical Institute. The University of Phoenix ( UPX) is a for-profit educational institution that specializes in Adult education. ITT Technical Institute (often shortened to ITT Tech is a private for-profit, technical institute with 100 campuses in 35 states of the United States

Transfer-of-credit issues affecting for-profit higher education institutions

Many for-profit institutions of higher education have national accreditation rather than regional accreditation. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Regional accreditation is a term used in the United States to refer to the process by which one of several accrediting bodies each serving one of six defined geographic Regionally accredited schools are predominantly academically oriented, non-profit institutions. [4][5] Nationally accredited schools are predominantly for-profit and offer vocational, career or technical programs. [4][5] Many regionally accredited schools will not accept nationally accredited schools' credits for transfer. [6][7][4][5]

In the 2005 Congressional discussions concerning reauthorization of the Higher Education Act and in the Secretary of Education's Commission on the Future of Higher Education, there have been proposals to mandate that regional accrediting agencies bar the schools they accredit from basing decisions on whether or not to accept credits for transfer solely on the accreditation of the "sending" school. [6][7] They could still reject the credits, but they would have to have additional reasons.

The American Commission Career Schools and Colleges of Technology (ACCSCT) wholly supports the proposed rule. [8] In fact, it and other nationally accrediting institutions and have been lobbying for it for some time. [7][6] The ACCSCT claims regionally accredited schools will not accept nationally accredited schools credits for purely arbitrary, prejudicial and/or anti-competitive reasons. [8] It further states that, since the Department of Education recognizes both national and regional accreditation, there is no reason for regionals to differentiate between the two and to do so amounts to an unwarranted denial of access. [8][7][6]

The American Association of Collegiate Registrars & Admissions Officials (AACRAO), which sides with the regional accreditors, claims that national accrediting standards are not as rigorous and, though they might be well suited for vocational and career education, they are ill suited for academic institutions. [1] AACRAO alleges that this proposed rule is unnecessary and unjustified, could threaten the autonomy and potentially lower the standards of regionally accredited schools, and drive up their costs. [1] Furthermore, it states the proposed rule is an attempt by the for-profits' "well-funded lobbyists" to obscure the difference between for-profits' "lax academic criteria for accreditation" and non-profits' higher standards. [1] AACRAO claims only six percent of American students attend for-profits and only four percent attempt to transfer to non-profits. [1] Eduventures, Inc, a Boston research firm, states that nine percent of all U. S. college and graduate students attend for-profit institutions. [2]

Admission representatives at Crown College (Tacoma) and Florida Metropolitan University allegedly made various misrepresentations concerning the transferability of their credits to entice students to enroll in those schools. Crown College was a small for-profit, predominantly online College located in Tacoma, Washington. Everest University, formerly Florida Metropolitan University is a system of For-profit universities with most of their campuses located in the state of Florida in [2]

Several of the larger for-profit schools have sought and received regional accreditation, including Capella University, University of Phoenix, DeVry University, Strayer University, Kaplan University, Walden University, and American InterContinental University among others. Capella University is a private for-profit online university based in Minneapolis Minnesota. The University of Phoenix ( UPX) is a for-profit educational institution that specializes in Adult education. DeVry University and DeVry Institute of Technology are divisions of Devry Inc Strayer University, formerly Strayer College of Washington DC Kaplan University is the Doing business as name of the Iowa College Acquisition Corporation a company that owns and operates independent private, for-profit Walden University is a private for-profit, specialized distance learning regionally accredited university of graduate and post-graduate learning American InterContinental University, commonly called AIU, is an international For-profit university owned by Career Education Corporation (stock symbol

There have been some spectacular failures of for-profit schools, including Business Computer Technology Institute (BCTI)[9][10] and Court Reporting Institute (CRI)[11][12][13]. These two schools allegedly violated numerous federal statutes, were funded mainly from federal and state loans and grants given to attending students, and then closed, abandoning many of their students. [13][9][10][11]

See also

External links

Opinions of for-profit schools

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Federalized Transfer of Academic Credit, Proposed Mandate Would Hurt Students AACRAO website
  2. ^ a b c A Battle Over Standards At For-Profit Colleges, Wall Street Journal, October 3, 2005 by John Hechinger
  3. ^ a b c For Profit Schools, They're Spreading Fast. Can Private Companies do a better job of educating America's Kids?, BusinessWeek Online, February 7, 2000, by William C. Symonds
  4. ^ a b c Types of Accreditation, Education USA website
  5. ^ a b c What is the Difference Between Regional and National Accreditation, Yahoo! Education website
  6. ^ a b c d Demanding Credit, Inside Higher Education website, dated Oct. 19, 2005 by Scott Jaschik
  7. ^ a b c d Tussling Over Transfer of Credit, Inside Higher Education website, February 26, 2007 by Doug Lederman
  8. ^ a b c Transfer of Credit A Policy Agenda, ACCSCT website
  9. ^ a b A Special Report - A Troubled Legacy, Tacoma News Tribune, December 11, 2006, by David Wickert
  10. ^ a b Hundreds of Students Left in Cold as BCTI Closes Up Shop, Seattle Times, March 14, 2005 by Connie Thompson
  11. ^ a b Is This School Cheating Students?, Seattle Times, March 29, 2006, by Emily Heffter
  12. ^ Troubled Court Reporting School Says Its Closing, Seattle Times, August 29, 2006, by Emily Heffter
  13. ^ a b Local Court Reporting School Founders, The San Diego Union-Tribune, September 7, 2007, by Helen Gao
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